璋娌℃缁杩╋搴骞哥浠绔璧锋ョ规

搂

缈诲璇瀛革┿锛helpless锛辨瀛婧浠ヨ拷婧冲13涓绾瀵硅繁戒负锛unable to act for oneself锛锛颁15涓绾锛浠韩灞颁浜猴娉缁浜渚甯┿锛unable to give help, affording no help锛[1]

╋绉浠峰兼浣界琛ㄧ锛璁╂浠瑙繁瀵硅繁板戒负锛灏卞涓瀛肩ㄦ涓姘锛浼告存娉瑙搞涓规夸版瀛╁锛冲府蹇锛村府涓涓蹇瑙

灏变汉崇郴ヨ锛纭╂ヨ浠㈠锛夸鸿В虫规芥

姝ｅ蹇瀛Curt R. BartolAnne M. Bartol绌惰〃绀猴浜轰滑寰寰ㄦ缂烘浜抽绀句氦藉涓ヨ濡浣澶涓╃绀句氦澧讹浼╂[2]

浣濡浣灏╁绫讳负绉绉娑锛娉瑰剁琛ㄧ锛ｅ氨浜

Curt R. BartolAnne M. Bartol褰舵版╋寰寰浼虹涓ょ稿锛诲诲杩缂╁裤

缂╃搴锛渚Martin Seligman璁猴甯歌绉颁负搴ф伯涓эreactive depression锛涔寰╋learned helplessness锛[3]

褰浠涓洪娲荤锛版ユ甯锛舵浠峰ラ缂╁搴浠╁ぇ╃锛灏瀵逛浠朵涓け板朵浠芥浜涓锛跺浠瑙寰繁姣浠峰硷杩涓褰蜂瑕寮浠

绔缁锛灏辨浠ㄤ寮浠锛琛寮浠繁锛浜

涓绉搴诲伙杩缁伙灏ゅ跺浜轰滑镐俊杩疯芥瑰板

ㄤ功锛溅浼澶村浜″戒寰锛镐褰广杩涓骸戒寰灏辨涓╁扮锛浠ュㄦ璺ヤ涓锛轰浜恒

杩涓逛煎浜浜浜烘虹涓轰涔浜浜哄涓荤璧锋ユ病浜锛涓涓绉撮浜琛ㄣ瀹褰浠瑙涓涓汉璨浼肩Н娲伙浣寰戒ㄥ板戒锛绉娲诲涓浠姣浠讳浜洪芥┿浣寰寰涓虹Н琛ㄨ薄锛浣挎浠拷ヤ瀵逛虫

搂 ╂锛涔浼ゅ琛

浠ｅ瀛浠㈠╃璇鹃锛鸿澶夸唬х绛ヤВ娉锛浣挎村璇鹃杩浼ゅ繁锛渚电浜虹╄锛藉ㄤ瑙ワ瑙ョ甯撮瑕版杩杩浜规瑰韩板

褰浠ㄤ浜涓浠讹浠╂锛浠ヨ╂绉浠瀹繁琚激瀹炽璐㈡浠璇繁涓澶寮哄ぇ锛浼颁激瀹炽

褰浠绠浠讳规瑰锛瀹浠氨寮憋浠涔涔涓浜灏浼瀵艰存浠娓澶卞瀛锛寮濮х娲荤绉绉㈠锛涔抽跨ぞ浼

浜浜虹瑰峰ユ╂锛杩蹇诲Robert Freeman-Longo璁[4]锛浠濡ㄨ妫瑙锛繁锋浠ヤф肩瑰濡锛浣藉氨瀹规娑匡插ㄨ浜楂遍╃兢锛

涓轰锛浣芥釜杩搴弗锛寰惧绗浜猴浣姣欢浜界寰寰涓ラ

涓轰澶俊浠讳汉锛浣藉繁寰昏锛浣戒弗拌繁锛涓缁繁瑕堕达蹇寮规у凡杈惧版

涓鸿锛浣借璋互寰宠锛浣藉濮镐俊濡宠繁璋锛浣璋借绂讳瀹瓒ヨ杩浜

涓哄锛浣ㄨ汉褰㈡浜插崇郴伴撅瑰с

涓哄缂轰俊锛界绉涓ч瀵规浜瑰浜浼杩搴搴

涓虹己涔锛浣藉繁寮鸿揩х插ㄧ琛ㄧ锛涓よ芥

澶锛娌℃藉卞汉

缂轰俊浠绘俊锛繁璺浠浜哄父姣х崇郴锛浣浠崇郴互渚璧朵涓ュ悍稿涓哄虹

缂轰锛浼涓钩板╃ㄤ浜鸿涓浼绉寰

缂轰俊浠汇俊锛涓轰涓ゆ涓涓涓

姝ｆ涓洪ㄤ釜浣锛涔灏辨汉韬锛浠ユ浠璁烘╋骞朵璇捐В虫╃锛虫敞ㄣ韩锛姘歌藉ご诲ご昏璇ュ板涓洪板版帮跺锋瑰藉涓锛虫釜浜鸿韩

涓ワ浠氨浠瑰瀵逛汉锛涓韩姝ｅ蹇瀛[5]锛瀵绘娑寮╂娉ㄣ

搂 瑙ｆ╋浠娲汇寮濮

灏界浣繁涓杩扮瑰锛涔涓╂灏姘歌璺

╂绉剁澶澧锛涔绉剁姝ｅ蹇瀛璇浠姣釜浜洪藉浠ラ璁ょヨ浣ヨ涓惰繁琛涓猴瑙ｆ╋杩骞哥

涓棣浠杞康锛绾炽涓涓瀹缇锛

骞村锛Martin Seligman寮濮°姝ｅ蹇瀛锛Positive Psychology锛锛跺椹卞ㄥ锛mindfulness锛浜鸿涓恒涓蹇点锛涔浣澶у蹇绯绘Ellen Langer[6]

Langer璋ㄥ锛涓浼浠ヤ负涓娉ㄤㄤ╀锛杩ユ崇瑰琛瑙瀵Langer璁や负杩浜轰滑绘句ㄤ╀腑瀵绘俱纭с锛浣瀹涓杩涓婊°涓纭с锛褰浠弧瓒充‘瀹э浠寰灏变ㄩｄ浠互涓烘‘瀹涓浜涓锛褰瑰ヤ复锛灏变璁╂浠涓

濂芥ㄥ勾杞荤跺锛浠借寰辨案锛褰浠涓涓汉绂伙浠浠ヤ负涔涓介板风浜恒浠ュ绂诲锛辨璐浠版╋瑙涓璺浠互涓虹涓涓枫

Langerㄥ涔锛灏辨浠ソ濂借瀵杩涓锛浣瀵韩锛跺搴杩涓澶锛淇蹇垫椿浠瑙锛硅界瑙繁娼斤浠ュ涓浜ㄥ崇郴锛ユ浠己澶х

浜涓虹娲诲剧瀹蹇

浣澶у寮璁炬蹇瀛绋锛″垢绂Tal Ben-Shahar澹浠浣璇剧ㄧ缁涓ㄣ[7]剁璁哄婧Martin Seligman锛浠寮╄蛋骞哥璺舵规″娓娲绘ラ㈢浠ュ浠浣娲荤璺

Martin Seligman璁や负娲荤蹇缁艰堪涓轰绉锛Three "Happy" Life锛[8]锛

绗绉蹇娲伙The Pleasant Life锛

杩绉蹇浠ラ杩ぉ寰锛浣杩绉瀛绌讹50%浜浼褰卞骞朵杩绉蹇锋搴锛灏卞ぉ绗版娣锛璺绗版娣甯ョ蹇浼寮哄害涓宸

褰浠╂娑ゅ缓绔ㄦ蹇娲绘蹇碉浠寰澶锛╂戒浠寰拌缂锛骞朵瀵逛╂娑ゅ灞浜ㄧ瀹婊¤冻涓

绗绉ョ娲伙The Good Life, Engagement锛

杩绉蹇ヨ浠娲讳腑浜浜╃ワ濂芥宸ヤ褰浠ュ朵腑锛浠椒浣瑙堕翠负浠姝

褰浠ュㄦ椿ㄥ涓浠浼╂锛骞朵涓涓烘椿ㄧ杈颁蹇ョ娲荤浜猴浠浠借繁娲伙灏界ㄧ娲荤朵灞㈤甯稿け璐ワ浜涓锛辨绌虹斤锛浠涔姝や层浠浠界朵瑙寰╋浣浠浠娲讳浜恒澶ㄤ绯诲苟涓椤虹杩涓涓汉骞哥杩芥澶╁穿濉

绗绉娲伙The Meaningful Life锛锛

Martin Seligman璁や负姝ｇ蹇杩娲绘寸骞哥

杩绫讳汉濡Langer璇寸锛浠浠瑙ｈ繁ラ繁归夸急匡涔ラ濡浣杩ㄦ归夸浜鸿缁锛澧杩繁浠浜烘翠骞哥

Martin Seligman寤鸿浠浠ュ浠ヤ缁涔锛浜瑙ｆ浠‘瀹藉璁╂浠锛瀵逛骞哥藉锛娑寮╂锛

充涓剧浜濡抽澶у府╋濡冲存病缁浜璋㈢浜恒涓惧璋俊缁ｄ釜浜猴寸佃浠绾堕达跺璁夸锛瀵逛璇讳璋俊

Martin Seligman璇达杩涔浜哄涔芥ㄧ娴娉涔浠蹇ч戒浜

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绠瑷涔锛瑰╂濂界规锛涓归瀹ㄨ繁╋璁╂╂寤跺ㄨ韩锛杩甯╁汉琛ㄢ冲瀛姝ｉ㈣浠繁浠峰兼锛繁藉瑰板锛跺杩涓浜虹杩缁锛璁烘姹甯╋甯╁汉锛炬浠界

杩涔璇存负浠涔浜浜哄ㄥ咖娲讳腑锛浠浼╁讳杩ч【浠藉ㄧ娲讳腑瑙繁浠峰硷瀵圭娲昏搴藉浠瑕锛灏辨杩绉藉浠娓灞板澶ㄧ浜轰┿

缁绌舵浠极娲荤锛涔涓涓锛浠釜浜洪借藉ㄤ汉璺杩锛涓卞杩浠藉璁╄繁濂斤璁╂ㄩ汉浠濂斤璁╃娲绘翠浠康琛ㄨ歌告ヤ

崇ラ繁涓轰涔浼杩寰涓蹇锛涓轰㈠繁╂句板ョ规锛板繁ф兼硅川瑕娉ㄦ锛浣涓缇藉宸澶у瀹骞哥缃绔(https://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/)锛涓㈡渚240棰蹇娴楠锛

浣瑰

棣ㄧ绔涓瑙浠ラ╄瑷锛涓椤癸

舵 Questionares涓琛ㄦ惧 VIA Survey of Character Strength锛娉ㄥ240棰锛瑙ｉ″蹇楣锛骞朵绗磋锛

跺浼寰涓浠芥绀轰24椤逛圭绛绾у琛浜椤规归匡浣濂骞哥ㄥ椤瑰芥寮遍」锛父璁╀╃

跺ц涓娴缁锛瀵圭с瀹骞哥锛Authentic Happiness锛[9]涓涔璇存

褰讹存杩剧淇′换ㄨ甯锛浠涓璧锋瑙娓锛镐俊藉瀵逛版╃锛撮瑕繁璁ょユ婢娓

[1] Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/helplessness

[2] Curt R. Bartol & Anne M. Bartol锛т腑缂璇锛姜蹇瀛锛Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach锛锛芥2010.09锛椤394-395

[3] 充寰╋浠ュ浜烘浣惧╋涓姐http://www.xinli001.com/info/100306836

[4] Robert Freeman-Longo, M.R.C & Laren Bays, N.D.锛瀹堕璇锛锛涓轰瑕娌荤锛锛Who Am I and Why Am I in Treatment?锛锛璁般2001锛椤101-102

[5] Brad Lemley. Shiny Happy People:An emerging movement known as positive psychology aims to provide a scientifically validated set of exercises, known as interventions, that lead happiness seekers to the grail.http://discovermagazine.com/2006/aug/shinyhappy/

[6] 浠ラ璇LangerMindfulness涓涔

[7] 磋叮浠ヤTal Ben-Shahar澹釜浜虹绔锛http://www.talbenshahar.com/锛锛楗辫浠骞垮娆㈣浣璇剧

[8] Martin Seligman: The new era of positive psychology.https://www.ted.com/talks/martin_seligman_on_the_state_of_psychology#t-1403133

[9] http://book.douban.com/subject/4934733/

锛楂娴╁锛锛studiomowen锛| 澹瑰涓