浠靛奖澶╂浣寮

浣锛涓界瀛㈠绌舵 ュ

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浣寮浠涓芥锛寰澶浜哄ㄤ瀛跺芥澶灏浣杩寮锛灏辩繁娌℃涔界版杩瀛寮充寮锛戒浼瑙寰浣寮芥缁╀濂界瀛濡涓寮鸿缁╋瀛灏变浼浣寮瀹涓杩涓ょ娉芥锛濂藉涔浼浣寮锛浣寮涓负浜缁┿

涓轰涔浼绉浜轰浼浣寮?

浣寮涓浠ㄨ璇涓锛浠ユ村娉板剁绉杩娆洪娈靛寰╃杈惧版绉琛涓恒ㄧ靛奖锛跨抽杩甯╀浜轰寮寰璋憋繁涔ㄨ琛娆洪杩涔浣寮瀹涓锛绌跺锛ㄥ￠村娆㈣瀛村浜璋;虫ㄤ骞煎垮灏瀛锛琚じ濂涔村藉ㄦ父腑浣寮

杩琛ㄧ绌跺3宀瀛╁灏变ㄨ琛ㄦ浣涔村浣寮甯澶у娴姹甯澶у绌惰瀵逛宀浜宀跨琛风瀹楠ㄥ楠锛瀹楠跨㈠㈠ㄦ瀛涓ょ锛涓や汉涓寸ㄤ块寮瀹楠涓寮惧ㄨ繁㈠(㈡39板)璁╁跨㈢板6澶ц6灏变垮ㄣ跨涓板楠㈠娓告琛6杞濡跨瀵3娆℃村锛灏辩跨藉寰濂便ㄦ寮濮涔杩琛涓娆＄涔锛跺濮姝ｅ娓告ㄥ楠朵锛ㄥ浜杞跨璧2娆°杈浜3娆★姣疆涔璇瀛╁瀵硅锛涓澶稿ㄦ抽绗疆寮濮瀹楠濂界璇瀛╁繁瑕绂诲涓涓锛骞惰瀛╁绛搴涓风楠浼绂诲块60绉锛鸿褰涓杩娈垫堕村跨琛涓恒濡瀛╁惧风ㄤ(姣濡绂诲搴т绔璧锋ョ跨涓杈)灏辩浣寮杩涓绌剁瑰ㄥ濮娓告锛瀹楠哄涓浜跨璇达甯朵灏璇达浣釜瀛╁锛瀵瑰涓浜跨琚じ濂卞共瀛╁缁锛涓璁轰宀杩宀跨锛琚じ芥村戒寮(澶х害60%vs40%)充娇澶稿浜哄娓告浜轰涓涓汉锛杩绉搴涔涓ヨ涓姝ョ绌跺锛充娇澶稿(ㄧ涔涓じ濂瀛╁)锛涔浼风绌惰璁や负锛跨ㄥ拌繁澹颁涓轰缁存よ涓澹帮灏辨村戒负浜()浣寮

㈢跺辜垮跨戒涓轰惧浣寮锛瀛￠濂藉涔戒负浜淇浣繁澹拌(姣濡缁╂)ㄨ璇涓寮浜瀹涔姝わ缁╁ソ瀛村藉ㄤ俊蹇涓瓒崇典浣寮涓归瀵逛澹扳缁存わ杩借〃ㄨ涓澶涔涓杩璧锋ユ浜撅宠缁存澹帮杩浼涓瀛?杩瑕璇村板锛涔灏辨汉浠浣瑙ｉ浜┿澶т瑷锛褰涓轰袱涓归涓ㄨ繁韬杩涓哄绱;浜褰浜哄剁剁锛杩句互瑰翠负涔绱杩涓ゆ归㈢镐浣灏卞浠ユ绉瑙ｉㄨ璇澶辫触()杩浠朵涓锛灏卞藉(-涔);(-涓存);璇鹃惧害(澶-涔);璇棰韩(澶-涓存)濡ㄦ拌繁藉け璐ワｄ涓轰缁存よ繁褰㈣薄锛濂藉氨澶辫触褰缁浜ㄦ涓存剁涓鸿璇瀵规浜哄钩锛浠ュ氨芥惧扳-涓存垛涓锛涔灏辨涓轰浠ュ藉锛ｄ濡澶杩绉璺娉锛濡ㄧ锛ㄩ杩绗涓锛灏卞Q绮剧杩繁借解楠锛ｄ浣寮楠汉浼间苟涓俱

浣寮涔?

浜浜哄借涓轰寮涓涔澶т裤灏卞澶╂跨筹濂硅寰繁浣寮锛府ヨ借憋涓浼ゅぉ瀹崇╀汉╁繁浜ㄧ瀹绀句涓浣寮ㄥ澶瀛间腑涔涓锛涓璁烘腑借斤浠灏璁や负浣寮ㄤ锛杩涓渚骞撮瓒ヨ浣荤ュ灏骞存灏村浣寮杩芥归㈠绱锛姣濡璁ょヨ藉灞(灏骞存存藉浣寮骞堕垮琚)绀句澧缁(跨村甯璇灏骞存村杈褰卞)绛绛涓归藉搴浜寰锋灞瀵逛勾骞肩跨ヨ锛瀵归寰风ゆ充浠剁缁锛版╃灏辨寰风锛涔灏辨寰风骞撮绋匡杩绉灏变灞绀句浠浜虹娉锛绗澶у颁汉娉灏辨寰风澶у颁腑瀛灞浜绫伙浠浠浜瀵归ゆ榛崇姐杩ュぇ瀛寮濮浜瑙ｅ澶浜瀛ㄢ拌插板甫锛璋瀵归瑕规垫ュゆㄨ风垫椿寰疯涓锛灏卞藉虹跺浣寮涔濡ㄢ搴灏ゅ跺ㄥ寸浜洪戒寮锛灏辨村介尝娴瀹涓锛ㄥ寸浜烘寮锛奖浣寮琛涓哄瀵逛寮搴澶у绱

寰疯灞瀹锛垫椿寰锋浼琚蹇绋冲寰峰绾挎浠ｏ浜轰滑浠ヨ颁涓归涔浼绾充瑙瑙瑙癸浣缁繁琛￠ゆ涔灏辨ヤ涓涓浣骞朵釜浜洪戒灞伴寰疯楂灞娆★浜浜哄藉氨ㄧ拌插板甫ㄥ寰浣寮杩浠朵涓锛灏辫寰瑕规交蜂垫ョ寰

杩涓浜浜鸿涓猴浣寮娆′复剁浜锛涓浼褰卞繁韩寰峰琛绌跺锛瀛浣寮琛涓猴浼灏跺褰缁板璺繁绂诲ワ浠ヤ究惧烘村х缇伙杩锋介浣寮甯ョ涓缁瀹涓锛涓灏瀛浼灏瀵逛寮搴繁琛涓哄寮锛姣濡濂崇界跺ㄦ搴村瀵逛寮浣ㄨ涓轰骞朵浼姣风灏浣浣寮纭褰卞瀛琛锛璇淇℃ぞ浼规浣寮琛涓轰浣瀵逛俊浠汇钩璐ｄ换浠峰煎ゆ浣杩浜璐ㄧ瑙锛村芥涓烘村ぇ涓藉璇锛夸互跺涓轰锛涔涓

濡浣浣寮

浣寮杩浼版村绱褰卞锛姣濡瀛朵归㈠缁╃瑕姹锛躲瑙涓㈣告缃╃涓ラс瀵逛繁琚芥х浼拌绛绛藉藉奖颁寮冲烘寮ゆ涔灏归㈠绱惧颁璧疯浼帮琛″╁涓灏浜轰寮锛涓鸿寰繁涓浼琚般杩绉璁や负涓浼ㄨ繁韬璁ょュ樊锛瑙澶浜ユ灏骞达变涓楂娑村蹇借や繁浠ュ淇℃╂у版敞╀繁淇℃浠虹杩绉瑙瑙浼浣垮浠浠ぇ澶т及椋╋浠よ璧伴┿涓浠寮锛杩琛朵╄涓猴姣濡椋杞涓瀹ㄦц涓虹锛灏骞翠涓ラ遍╋繁涓浼ｄ虫ㄩ浠ワ浣寮涓涓规锛灏辨磋绉瑙锛姣濡哄朵涓撅褰繁韬竟灏辨浜鸿锛繁瀹ㄦ灏变浣繁瑕浣寮灏辫

绉茶藉浣涓猴浠规浣寮锛瑕楂寰锋㈣版浜琛ㄦ戒澧浣寮锛浜琛ㄦ藉浣寮浣跨ㄥ风瀹楠寮绌惰锛濡跨拌繁璇瀹澹拌锛灏卞藉浣寮姐涓鸿瀹浼璁╄繁╃锛瑕撮瑕姹绾灏卞绌朵腑锛3宀瀛╁灏辩ラ涓轰澹板濂辫浣寮锛浣村5宀村戒涓衡璇瀹涓浣寮锛缁璁╄繁(娌℃寰濂)ㄥ充ぇ瀛浣寮ㄦ虹绌朵腑锛ｄ涓浣寮浜猴寰寰瀛ㄢ寰烽光锛姣硅浠ヨ韩浣朵瀵瑰舵瑕褰卞浜哄浜ㄧ靛奖澶╂锛朵翰褰浜跨崇寰烽癸缁璁╁ス骞＄舵锛╄

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澶╂璇ф浠缁

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灏辫凤澶у杩ヤ涓骞淬涓澶╂间附惧颁跨筹璇锋濂瑰府╄繁瀵浜浠ｇ峰ㄧ藉ぇ瀛ュ璇STIC涓寮跨冲ㄧ硅鲍缁跺锛伴搴界堕锛冲颁杩跺樊浣寮规锛ャ变瑕姝昏纭绛妗甯鸿轰娉板斤浠繁涓琛锛浜跨虫冲颁瀵浜浠ｄ负浜涓姘达绉涓句扮ㄥ瀛璇涓灏浼ゃ跨虫惧版病藉濂瀛璇锛涔浠モㄤ浠ュ╋浣寮澶╁⑩绔浜灏卞ㄤ袱浜洪┈涓瑕哄婢虫床璇涔锛ラ浜瀵浜浠ｅ氨句汉浼よ繁讹よ绂诲灏卞ㄩ跨充澶惧跺锛颁抽ョ锛涓や釜浜鸿讳浜寰婢虫床椋恒姝ｅ璇寮濮浜锛涓や釜浜烘ц灏涓绛妗ㄨ璇浼堕杩ㄥ存按妲介哄恒村ㄧ浜娆″淇℃跺锛琚瀹浣╅跨充涓汉瀹╀璇缁尝锛跨虫╁板绛妗猴娉板界瀵浜浠ｄ滑椤哄╅杩STIC璇版嘲界跨冲磋韩蹇淇辩诧ㄧ朵翰

靛奖琚″ょㄥ扮遍拌淇姣浜茬娲琛ｅ锛骞舵炬ラ跨筹濞煎╄濂瑰繁涓璧峰朵璇骞堕杩浣寮璧憋姝ゆ剁跨冲凡缁埂舵锛涓炽缁锛跨冲ㄧ朵翰涓锛浜繁浣寮浜瀹

1 Zhao L., Heyman G. D., Chen L., Lee K. (2017). Telling young children they have a reputation for being smart promotes cheating. Developmental Science. Advance online publication. doi:10.1111/desc.12585

2 Zhao L., Heyman G. D., Chen L., Lee K. (2017). Praising Young Children for Being Smart Promotes Cheating. Psychological Science Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/0956797617721529

3 Stanculescu E (2013). Affective Tendencies in Embarrassing Situations and Academic Cheating Behavior, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 78, 723 727

4 Fu G., Heyman G. D., Qian M., Guo T., Lee K. (2016). Young children with a positive reputation to maintain are less likely to cheat. Developmental Science, 19, 275283

5 Simkin MG & McLeod A (2010). Why Do College Students Cheat? Journal of Business Ethics, 94, 441453

(涓剧ヨ奖瀹ｄ缃绔)

娉绔变腑芥板绉棣浣浣涓汉甯锛杞浇璇锋敞哄