涓ゅ勾宠璇哄锛界跺揩锛浣寮娉㈡娴浼褰

哄锛绉腑

朵锛瀛

讹涓界瀛㈣绠虹缁淇℃腑蹇

2017骞寸璇鸿灏╃瀛缁浜ㄥ浜堕103ヤ545灏藉锛哥瀹剁瀛㈠冲灏╃瀛棰缁Rainer Weiss(绾陈烽)Kip Thorne(烘风储)浠ュBarry Barish(宸撮路宸撮浠)涓浣绉瀛锛浠ヨ〃褰颁浠瀵LIGO娴ㄤ互棣娆¤娴板娉㈠虹冲ц础(for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves)

朵腑锛Rainer Weiss浜濂锛澶涓や绉瀛浜╀涓濂

ㄦ浠烘拌薄涓涓涓/浠烘ワ拌寰璇哄锛寰寰涓撮寰挎堕达姣寰濂浜洪芥冲遍ｅ绛浜濂戒绛颁澶┾2015骞914LIGO瀹ｅ棣娆℃娴板娉堕翠浠杩涓ゅ勾锛浠ヨ蹇寰璇鸿灏濂╃瀛涔涓涓杩杩涔村璇存杩涓瑕э瀹濂浼褰

Rainer Weiss-Prize share:1/2锛宸Barry Barish-Prize share:1/4锛涓Kip Thorne-Prize share:1/4锛锛

LIGO涔濂?

涓惧勾锛卞规箍涔稿璁烘瑙ｅ烘圭寰版尝瑙ｏ棰瑷浜寮娉㈢瀛ㄣ

涓惧勾2015骞914ワLIGO瀹ｅ棣娆¤娴板娉

姝ゆ寮娉㈡ヨ13浜垮骞翠互澶涓や釜榛娲纰版锛浠娉骇拌扮涓浣浜界LIGO娴ㄦ娴帮寮娉㈣蛋浜绾13浜垮勾堕锛姝ｅ璋绌胯剁┖搁

界跺娉㈠拌揪扮宸茬寰甯稿井寮憋浣涓村澶╀╃瀹瀹瀛澶ч╁姐寮娉互涓绉ㄦ扮瑰绀轰瀹瀹涓х澶╀锛瀵规浠凡ヨ杈圭涓ㄦ扮

LIGO(the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory,婵骞叉浠娉㈣娴澶╂)涓瓒杩20涓藉涓绌朵汉缁浣缁ㄨ浜绌惰卞涓锛璇ヨ寰璧拌浜灏杩50骞淬2017骞寸璇鸿灏╃瀛妗锛灞浜浜瀵圭瀛婊＄姣浠ュ绉瀛

朵腑锛Rainer Weiss(绾陈烽)Kip Thorne(烘风储)浠ュBarry Barish(宸撮路宸撮浠)杩涓浣椹辫璐＄煎绐猴姝ｆㄤ浠棰瀵间涓锛淇璇浜LIGO璁″瓒杩骞寸杩琛瀹锛骞舵缁瑙娴板娉

╁20涓绾70骞翠唬涓,Rainer Weiss灏卞浜ㄦ娴寮娉㈢杩绋涓藉扮瀹瀹０骞叉,骞朵璁捐浜涓婵骞叉浠娴,ㄤ互娑ゅ０存╃跺, Kip ThorneRainer Weiss灏卞璁や负寮娉瀹藉琚娴,骞朵浼缁浠瀹瀹瀛ヨ甯ラ╁姐

ㄧ卞骞夸稿璁虹堪涓,寮娉互ㄥ瀹涓瀵圭О瓒澶ц川ぉ浣ㄥ杩ㄤ澶ц川绯荤璐ㄩ甯跺氨浼浜х寮娉姣濡ヨ绯荤告涓瀵归娲镐缁杞杩锋跺х澶╀╃杩绋

ㄥ娉杩绋涓,缁存剁┖浼ㄥ朵ㄤ杞诲井板寮娉㈢川剁┖茬娉㈠, 灏卞电虫杩姹濉婵璧风娑婕,姝ゅ娉琚О涓衡剁┖娑婕

变寮娉板扮璧风绌洪寸稿甯稿井灏,浜哄杩褰㈣薄姣,濂芥10骞翠互澶纭璺绂,瑕姹杈惧扮绮惧害ご涓村澶у,涔灏辨10骞磋涔杩剁┖村,寮娉㈠璧风绌洪存浼告缂╁澶村涓村澶у

姝,灏辫卞汉藉淇℃案杩涔涓芥娴板娉LIGO村颁锛

LIGO瀹楠缁ㄤ瀵归甯稿法澶х婵骞叉浠,妫娴颁褰寮娉㈢扮舵寮璧风涓瓒冲瀛稿ぇ灏涔涓绌洪寸稿

扮涓烘,浜虹被浣跨ㄥ绉娈垫ユ娴瀹瀹涓电娉㈠绮瀛,姣濡绉瀹瀹灏绾夸互涓井瀛,浠ユユ绱㈠瀹濂ョ寮娉㈢娴存娴剁┖韩板ㄣ杩ぉ浣╃瀹瀹瀛绌剁╁芥у,灏涓烘浠甫ユ村ヨ瀹璁,涓烘浠甫ュㄦ扮瀹瀹瑙

寮娉㈢涓浠

1915骞达36宀卞(Albert Einstein,1879.3.14-1955.4.18)寤虹烘圭锛琛ㄥ箍涔稿璁恒

椤跨寮璁烘缓绔ㄧ瀵规剁┖瑙虹涓锛骞夸稿璁哄寤虹ㄥ缁存剁┖瑙涓锛寮╀璐ㄩ浜ㄥ存剁┖浜х褰卞剁

1916骞达″路タ(Karl Schwarzschild)惧颁寮烘圭涓涓В锛ヨㄦヨВ榛娲

榛娲川法澶х澶╀锛浠讳杩瀹╀戒琚锛虫绾跨涔浼琚浠ラ娲涓浼锛浠涓扳

1916骞达卞汉惧颁烘圭涓涓尝瑙ｏ棰瑷浜寮娉㈢瀛ㄣ

骞夸稿璁鸿涓,剁┖浠ュ集茬锛╀璐ㄩ跺ㄥ存剁┖寮诧璐ㄩ澶э剁┖寮茬搴瓒澶э浣ㄧ瑰ぇ璐ㄩ╀ㄥ存浼浜х姣杈剧剁┖寮层

姣濡虹电娉㈠ㄧ澶崇跺浼灏搴寮锛杩灏辨涓剁┖ㄥぇ璐ㄩ╀ㄥ村寮茬渚瀛锛璐ㄩ甯瀵圭О╀ㄥ杩ㄦ讹浣绯昏川讹涔浼浜х寮娉姣濡ヨ绯荤告涓瀵归娲镐缁杞杩锋跺х澶╀╃杩绋

浜х寮娉灏辨剁┖茬娉㈠ㄧ浼杩涓剁┖稿锛浠骇婧澶翠互澶浼涓璁诧瑕娴ㄨ冻澶垫褰寮娉㈠拌揪扮跺氨藉琚娴般

浣寮娉㈠璧风娴搴瀹ㄦお寰急浜锛

姝わ卞汉璁や负锛寮杈灏姘歌涔涓借存娴般

浠朵唬╃瀛浜路变椤(Arthur Eddington,1882.12.28锛1944.11.22)界舵箍涔稿璁虹瀹锛骞跺1919骞寸ラ涓娆℃瀹浜绾跨澶虫剁锛浠璇骞夸稿璁虹姝ｇ‘э翠村寮娉㈢瀛骞朵哄娉技涔浠ユ缁寸搴ㄤ(to propagate at the speed of thought)锛

ㄨ澶骞翠腑锛璁稿╃瀛涓轰娴璇娉㈢瀛ㄨ哄法澶х锛骞朵惧颁寮娉㈠ㄧ存璇

1974骞达缇藉ぉ瀛绾澶锋嘲(Joseph Taylor)濉灏路璧(Russell Hulse)╃ㄥぇ灏垫杩瑙娴颁涓瀵规村澶╀绯荤插绯荤PSR1913+16

浠浠娴帮绯荤涓缁璐ㄥ杞ㄥ蹇骞朵涓涪澶辫介杞ㄩ胯酱涓缉寰瓒ヨ杩PSR1913+16介堕翠涪澶辩澶у╃ㄥ娉㈣灏璁＄寰扮介涪澶辩缁涓淬Joseph TaylorRussell Hulse浜1993骞磋寰璇鸿灏╃瀛锛濂辨变跺浜涓绉板叉锛杩涓寮绌跺浣ㄧ扮芥(for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation)杩涔澶浜鸿浠骞存寮娉㈢浜娆¤濂

惰锛存璇瀛ㄥ苟涓戒娇╃瀛浠弧瓒筹浠浠村藉寰板娉㈠ㄧ存瑙娴璇

绗涓娉㈢存娴瀹楠灏璇浠ヨ拷婧20涓绾60骞翠唬

绐存浜Hermann Bondi涓绡绔锛浠ュ1957骞寸＄ョ撼宸ョ灏甯灏(Chapel Hill, North Carolina)涓娆′璁璐规(Richard Feynman)堪涓涓冲楠(thought experiment)

ㄨ涓冲楠涓璐规艰涓哄娉寮璧峰ㄦ涓杩杩ㄤ╂杩涓冲楠虹寮娉㈢瑙娴搴璇存浜ㄥ虹寰澶涓瀹讹骞朵瑙浜褰跺ㄥ虹ヨ┈板ぇ瀛绾澶烽集(Joseph Weber)垫

JosephWeber绗涓璁″朵浜琚О涓衡辨娴(resonant-mass bar detector)寮娉㈢存娴ㄣ

变箍涔稿璁洪娴锛杩寮娉瀵规剁┖稿锛韬朵腑╀变剁┖稿浜х搴锛姝Weber朵浜涓归跨害2绫炽村绾0.5绫炽绾1.5ㄧ卞舰灞妫褰寮娉㈠拌揪讹浼浜らゅ浼搁妫涓ょ锛骞朵褰浜棰涓存讹杈惧板辨搴杈惧版澶э璐村ㄩ妫琛ㄩ㈢垫朵浼浜х典俊锛璁板瀛舰妫ㄧ绌虹涓互缁娼ㄧ０妫璁捐辨涓1657Hz

1965骞达璁惧寮濮杩琛锛1966骞达Weber澹扮О颁绗涓娉渚锛骞跺1969骞存ラ涓や釜歌1000娴ㄥ舵娴颁寮娉浠讹骞跺琛ㄤ棰涓衡寮杈灏瀛ㄧ璇(Evidencefor discovery of gravitational radiation)绔

Weber椹辨у伐浣浠ュ缁澶у伴浜娆х╃瀛锛澶у绾风悍璁捐寤洪辨娴惰涓骞哥扮缁剧ず骞舵病娴板娉70骞翠唬涓锛澶чㄥ绉瀛璁や负Weber缁骞朵

ㄥョ锛辨娴ㄦ涓や釜缂洪凤涓涓哄辨锛褰娴扮寮娉辨棰涓存讹藉浜х辨绗涓绂荤辨浜х搴(骇涓10-21)灏浠ュ剁′欢锛规娴涓般

浣Weber瑁缃浜╃瀛浠甯锛扮璺虹浜锛浣俯辨娴ㄥ骞叉浠浣俯辨娴ㄦ峰村版杩缁瀵归跺害浠ユ楂垫害娴骞叉浠浜辨涓辨锛瀹锋寰瀹界辨璋便

LIGO(the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory,婵骞叉浠娉㈣娴澶╂)澶х垫骞叉浠

2002骞磋捣锛LIGO寮濮版,骞朵涓娈垫堕村氨杩琛涓娆″绾т互楂舵娴垫害杩涓娆″绾у绾хLIGO(Advanced LIGO)2015骞村ヤ娇浠浠涓浠ュ914ワLIGO灏辨娴颁绗涓疆淇″害楂杈5.1宸寮娉浠GW150914锛杩娆″娉㈡浜绂诲扮13浜垮骞翠互澶涓や釜榛娲纰版

杩涓绐存у娆¤骞夸稿璁虹棰瑷锛涓浠娴颁寮娉杩瑙娴颁榛娲锛骞朵渚浜绌跺娴榛娲娈点

涔涓娆￠瑕寮娉浠惰娴帮LIGO娴扮GW151226GW170104浜浠跺VIRGO娴扮GW170814浜浠躲

LIGO娴

╁20涓绾60骞翠唬锛ヨ涓や╃瀛璧宀芥嘲(Mikhail Gertsenshtein)娌浼(Vladislav Pustovoit)灏辨充ㄧ被浼间灏骞叉浠(Michelson interferometer)浠ㄦユ娴寮娉

杩灏骞叉浠涔涓绾界╃瀛杩灏(Albert Michelson)(Edward Morley)涓鸿浠ュお婕绉烩璁捐朵绮惧瀛华负璇互澶ㄨ璁捐浠ㄦ互澶瀛骞舵缁瀵艰翠稿璁虹浜х

杩涓浠ㄧ琚ㄦヨ璁￠璇稿璁虹棰瑷寮娉杩借缇缁!

骞村绉瀛璺Weber浠ョ绌剁椹╁浼楠瀹(Hughes Aircraft Research Laboratories, Malibu, California)绂寰(Robert L.Forward)惧苟堕浜绗寮娉㈡骞叉浠恒

涓讹MITRainer Weiss1967骞翠灞浜杩涓璺骞朵寮浜涓垫害婵骞叉浠

浠互LIGO娴ㄤ负渚ヨ╃ㄦ骞叉浠娴寮娉㈢

娴ㄧ变袱涓跨娴姝ｄ氦缁ュ婵缁ヤ袱涓娴,婵ㄥ拌揪娴辨灏,濡涓よ瀹ㄧ哥,灏ョ婵ㄥ扮搁浼骞叉告

褰寮娉㈠拌揪娴ㄦ,浼涓琚浼,涓姝ｄ氦涓琚缂,杩烽涓よ涓绛,灏ョ婵ㄥ澶搁跺氨涓浼骞叉告,╀淇″杩ュ瀛娴,杩峰氨璇寮娉㈢瀛ㄣ

婵骞叉浠娴寮娉俊浼挎捐瑙,涓涓骞叉浠娴棰棰璋辫瀹,杩峰氨澧浜娴板娉俊姒,澶涓涓骞叉浠浠ユ娴版寰褰㈠,涓姝ｄ氦涓よ涓涓几夸涓缉稿浜褰㈠╁ぇ浜2

浠20涓绾90骞翠唬璧凤涓板濮绾风悍村缓涓浜澶у婵骞叉浠ユ娴寮娉

宸茬缓锛

浣浜借矾ｅ╂】(Livingston, Louisiana)夸负4绫崇LIGO(L1)浣浜椤垮姹绂痉(Hanford, Washington)夸负4绫崇LIGO(H1),卞宸宸(CalTech)楹荤宸(MIT)杩ワ

浣浜ぇ╂ㄩ杩锛夸负 3绫崇VIRGO锛

寰峰芥璇哄夸负600绫崇GEO锛

ユ浜藉澶╂夸负300绫崇TAMA300

寮娉浠朵唬琛ㄤ浠涔?

1.LIGO娴扮寮娉浠GW150914琛ㄧず

浣浜扮13浜垮骞翠互澶涓や釜负29涓お宠川ぇ灏榛娲36涓お宠川ぇ灏榛娲涓轰涓62涓お宠川ぇ灏榛娲锛涓㈠け3涓お宠川ㄤ颁绉堕村浠ュ娉㈢褰㈠灏浜哄

杩涓や釜榛娲ㄥ瀹╂浜х锛骞朵镐缁杞ㄧ镐缁杞杩绋涓浜х寮娉哄甫璧颁ㄥ介浠寮璧烽娲介涪澶憋涓や釜榛娲瓒ヨ杩

涓や釜榛娲杩浼寮璧峰缁杞缁杞瀵艰村娉㈡婧涓版哄甫介板瀹涓朵版癸杩锋缁扮句骞淬

版涓や釜榛娲瑙瑙ㄤ颁绉堕村镐瀵规癸骞朵涓垫锛缁褰㈡涓涓村ぇ榛娲褰瀹浠涔缁锛╀涓涓杞榛娲锛褰瀵

堕剧宸ㄥぇ介寮娉杩涓宄板煎瓒杩浜瑙娴瀹瀹涓搴诲杩楂10浠ヤ锛ㄥ缁13浜垮勾堕达拌揪扮

涓杩锛ㄧ浜婕跨剁┖绌挎涔琛板寮娉㈡寮璧风褰㈠板瀛稿ぇ灏涔涓锛灏辨涔寰褰㈠锛璇寮娉㈢瀛

2.LIGO娴扮寮娉浠GW151226琛ㄧず

璺绂诲扮14浜垮骞寸涓や釜璐ㄩぇ灏负14.2涓お宠川7.5涓お宠川榛娲涓20.8涓お宠川榛娲杈灏寮娉

3.LIGO娴扮寮娉浠GW170104琛ㄧず

璺绂诲扮30浜垮骞寸涓や釜璐ㄩぇ灏负31.2涓お宠川19.4涓お宠川榛娲涓48.7涓お宠川榛娲杈灏寮娉

4.VIRGO娴扮寮娉浠GW170814琛ㄧず

璺绂诲扮18浜垮骞寸涓や釜璐ㄩぇ灏负31涓お宠川25涓お宠川榛娲涓53涓お宠川榛娲杈灏寮娉

涓轰涔璇村娉㈢锋澶ф锛

棣锛卞骞夸稿璁烘棰瑷寮娉㈠榛娲藉凡缁惧帮舵锛寮娉㈡涓虹绌堕娲娈碉榛娲ц川绌跺浜浠璇瀹瀹娣卞荤锛涓锛榛娲杩涓х澶╀浜浠讹浼涓浼浜х扮╃锛涔浠や汉寰锛

寮ㄥ宸宸ュLIGO澶╂ц瀹疯(DavidH. Reitze)涓璇浣涓虹璇杩椤规娴涓朵唬寮濮锛寮娉㈠ぉ瀛绌堕ㄧ浜焊涓璋碘

绉腑解腑界哄绀句瑰╃ㄤ俊娈靛灞绉瀛绉瀛濞

辩腑借浣哄锛杞浇璇锋敞哄