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【摘要】寰猴灏辫澶归㈣瑷锛浠惧钩姣杈瑗挎瑰伐涓斤缇斤瑰タ娆у垮ぇ锛荤绯荤璐ㄤ 涓绠¤棰琚濡浣瀹d锛ㄧ杩杩娌℃杈惧板跺锋瀵规姘村钩...

浜哄AskHistorians 荤锛Minardi-Man跨浣绛杩ㄥ浠ョ炕璇缈昏稿锛璇峰

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涔ュ锛

"Health Care in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" by Michael Kaser (1976)

"The Organization of Soviet Medical Care" by Michael Ryan (1978)

"Doctor and Patient in Soviet Russia" by Mark Field (1957)

"Soviet Socialized Medicine" by Mark Field (1967)

"Principles of Health Planning in the USSR" by Georgiy Popov for WHO (1971)

"A Comparison of the US and Soviet Economies" by the CIA (1985) - although often deriving erroneous conclusions, it presents a lot of interesting data, albeit often without providing reliable references.

璁烘锛

"Soviet Health Care System" by David S. Friedenberg (1987)

"Health Care in the Soviet Union" by Constance Holden (1981)

"Recollections of Nursing and Health Care in the Soviet Union" by Walter S. Fahey (1987)

"Soviet Health Care and Perestroika" by Daniel S. Schultz and Michael P. Rafferty (1990)

"Nursing and Health Care in the Soviet Union" by Catherine Anthony-Tka

娉剧ユ浜缁

浣锛polyakov锛璇锛

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