浜锛存锛灏涓瓒崇锛涓锛

锛绡骞杈匡涓轰涓涓らㄥ锛涓绡瑙 https://zhidao.baidu.com/daily/view?id=85234锛

绌剁涓轰涔瀛娲

界垛瀵灏娌虹娉ㄥ澶浜虹间腑娌荤棰绋纰锛浣瀹涔骞朵琚浜鸿瀵硅璁や负锛杩浜瀛娲荤渚骞稿锛变姣寸т寮恒ｈ韩郴缁芥椿璺绛锛瀵灏娌虹娉[16, 17]

棣锛规ぇ渚缁璁″浠ュ锛浜瀵灏娌虹娉ｈ锛浠舵澶版浜′锛骞稿涓ョｈ涓涔灏版ㄥ灏娌虹娉ュ缃[7, 18, 19]

舵锛ㄥョ5骞稿涓3浜烘激锛2浜烘激锛浠浠骞朵浼ｇ稿姣锛寸ц寮辩绫荤姣[18]锛瀹涓95%ｈ芥涓鸿激[4]姣脊剁姣绉姣灞锛Lyssavirus锛涓寸ф寮虹涓绉锛姣灞朵渚濡婢虫床姣榛虹姣绉姣娆ф床姣1涓2绛锛跺氨涓濡稿姣[20]疯瑰ㄥ换浣荤ょ灏卞凡缁娲讳涓涓[15]锛璇存ス朵藉ｈ告骞惰

锛哄甫寰寰寸у急涓浜绫荤姣锛

娆★姣杩ヤ汉浣ヤ镜浼ゅ杩绁缁跺部绁缁互姣ぉ12锝24姣背搴澶ц琛杩锛褰姣渚靛ュぇｈ浼杩灏辨负浠涔娼浼澶涓1锝3涓锛褰浼ゅ杩澶撮ㄦ讹ㄥ澶╀规娲姣荤娌荤璁板[21]疯圭璁板锛濂逛滑浼ゅ借绂诲ぇ锛杩缁浜濂逛滑郴缁杈跨堕存ュ姣瑕ㄥラ㈡剁妫ョ涓濂逛滑琛涓藉妫轰浣锛娌℃妫虹姣[18]锛璇存ス浠ㄥラ锛郴缁灏卞凡缁娲伙浜х浣骞舵や澶ч姣姝わ瀵硅璁や负锛杩浜骞稿ｈ涔浠ヨ芥榄锛芥涓轰浠郴缁村己澶ф存椿璺锛芥涓汉村揩存版垫姣[17]

锛甯歌瑙ｇ锛Frequently Asked Questions on Rabies锛撅绾块ㄥ锛姣娌跨缁互姣ぉ12锝24姣背搴澶ц琛杩锛娼浼浠澶╁板涓涓绛锛胯揪涓骞淬锛

锛涓缁缁涓瀹剁璁ㄦュ锛WHO ExpertConsultation on Rabies锛撅绾块ㄥ锛娼浼5澶╋胯揪板勾锛澶涓2锝3涓锛涓骞翠互涓寰缃瑙锛

瀵灏娌虹娉璁哄虹姣骞朵瀵硅缁涓ラ浼も杩涓璁撅浣瀵圭姣绌剁娣卞ワ绉瀛浠涓鸿涓璁惧藉苟涓绔ㄥ韬杩琛瀹楠宸茬姣纭浼存浼ゅ缁[22]

涓讹瀵光瀵灏娌虹娉瀵规搴浜鸿轰涓绉锛ｅ氨灏娌虹娉瑕瀹よ姐澶绘や汉涓存ㄥぉょ浠锋间浠ㄥ╋㈡ョ苟涓楂娌绘甯锛骞朵充娇娲讳ヤ锛画搴峰娌荤涔寰婕裤ｈ寰寰传绌疯藉板虹浜猴浠浠涓璧疯翠釜杩绋楂璐圭褰扮荤璁炬藉寰涓芥弧瓒抽瑕锛卞荤缁垂涔句互璐杩涔澶х寮浜烘绠锛涓涓ｈ瀵灏娌虹娉浜х遍锛瓒充互16000浜鸿激ㄧ璐圭[23]

浣瀵灏娌虹娉璇骞存ワ杩负浜虹被瀵规褰瑰轰涓纾ㄧ璐＄瀹涓浠渚浜涓绉扮娌荤璺撮瑕寰澶荤浜灏璇娌荤ｈ姘锛涓存惧

濂杩光璁镐撮藉ㄥ

や杩骞存ヤ浜骞舵瀵灏娌虹娉涔骞歌杩ｈ锛涓杩涓浜瀹ч句互璇骞歌裤

╁ㄧ寰版骞夸锛涓浜杞戒腑灏辫界扮锛褰跺姘寸锛骞稿韪抗锛渚濡1875骞寸涓寰峰藉濂炽1912骞寸涓ぇ╁骞淬1913骞寸涓浣73宀缇借浜恒1968骞寸涓宸磋タ濡濂崇[16]

杩绁绉渚褰灞寰峰ㄦ瀛锛Texas wild child锛2009骞2锛寰峰ㄦ浼】璧煎婚㈡璇浜涓浣浠宸绂诲鸿蛋17宀濂冲锛濂规澶撮ㄥх肩澶存艰便搁ㄥ楹荤讹缁荤璇㈤濂冲宠捣繁涓や釜ㄩユ舵捐ヤ涓拌灞辨锛浣拌繁寮浼ゃ濂圭琛锋娴缁疯圭镐技锛妫轰浣锛浣虹姣锛浣涓涔澶ㄤ瀛朵灞伴瑕ょ绋搴濂瑰ㄦ夸涓ゅㄥ氨搴峰浜璁告瀹朵汉ユ惧ス锛瀛ㄧ涔氨璧颁锛濂圭佃ヤ琚敞锛缇界荤绉娉璁╀汉浠涔娌℃惧板ス锛濂圭浜涓轰浼璇[24]

浠涓ヨ锛搴璇ユ浠涔浼瀵100%存锛讳涓浜骞歌垮涓鸿ヤ浣灏涓锛缃瑙浜浜哄哄涓甫涓瀹规琚绉浣渚佃瀵缁澶у拌浜绫荤姣浼姝讳骸锛杩澶х害涔涓ㄦ姣舵锛ｄ涓轰ㄤ汉绫讳腑灏变藉ㄦх瑰己涓

杩骞存ワ绌惰〃涓浜浜轰绉锛浣浣存姣浣锛渚濡甯稿歌婊扮浜椹甫ㄦ涓浠[25]锛杩涓浜汉涔姝[24]杩璇存浜浜烘剧姣锛浣村苟娌℃锛病婚㈠氨繁浜

涓翠互ワ浠界镐俊娌℃娉娌伙娉娌荤灏变ㄧワ杩绉ц蹇垫韩灏辨[26]界朵澶╂浠娌℃姝ｆ娌荤娉锛浣ｄ涓村苟

锛ㄦ瀹锛

璧

1.涓缁缁瀹垫ラ-璺氦浼ゅ

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs358/

2.涓缁缁瀹垫ラ-涔

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/

3.涓缁缁瀹垫ラ-娴锛瀛ｈэ

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/

4.涓缁缁-充10涓瀹

http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/rabies/

5. Jackson AC. Therapy of human rabies. Adv Virus Res. 2011;79:365-75. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387040-7.00017-2.

6. 甯歌瑙ｇ锛Frequently Asked Questions on Rabies锛

http://www.who.int/rabies/resources/B5010/en/

7. Subramaniam Mani R. Human Rabies Survivors in India: An Emerging Paradox? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Jul 28;10(7):e0004774. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004774. eCollection2016 Jul.

8. Rodney E. Willoughby, Jr., online "A Cure for Rabies?" Scientific American, V.256, No. 4, April 2007, p. 95

9. Lockhart BP, Tordo N, Tsiang H. Inhibition of rabies virus transcription in rat cortical neurons with the dissociative anesthetic ketamine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Aug;36(8):1750-5.

10. Johnson Mark, Kawanza Newson. "Hoping again for a miracle". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 28, 2006.

11. Jordan Lite."Medical Mystery: Only One Person Has Survived Rabies without Vaccine--But How?". Scientific American. Retrieved 2008-10-16.

12. Willoughby RE. Are we getting closer to the treatment of rabies?: medical benchmarks. Future Virology. Med Scape. 4 (6): 563570. doi:10.2217/fvl.09.52

13. Willoughby RE Jr. Rabies: Rare Human Infection - Common Questions. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015 Dec; 29(4): 637-50. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2015.07.006. Epub 2015 Sep 16.

14. Lampejo T, Bruce M, Teall A, Dall'Antonia M, Crawley-Boevey E, Grant P, Polhill S, Pillay D, Brown D, Brown M, Nastouli E. Caring for a patient with rabies: implications of the Milwaukee protocol for infection control and public health measures. JHosp Infect. 2017 Aug;96(4):385-391. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.04.018. Epub 2017 May 2.

15. UC Davis Children's Hospital patient becomes third person in U.S. to survive rabies

http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/welcome/features/2010-2011/06/20110615_precious.html

16. Undead: The Rabies Virus Remains a Medical Mystery

https://www.wired.com/2012/07/ff_rabies/all/%20

17. Appolinario CM, Jackson AC. Antiviral therapy for human rabies. Antivir Ther. 2015;20(1):1-10. doi: 10.3851/IMP2851.Epub 2014 Aug 26.

18. Jackson AC. Current and future approaches to the therapy of human rabies. Antiviral Res.2013 Jul;99(1):61-7. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.01.003. Epub 2013 Jan 29.

19. Caicedo Y, Paez A, Kuzmin I, Niezgoda M, Orciari LA, Yager PA, Recuenco S, Franka R, Velasco-Villa A, Willoughby RE Jr. Virology, immunology and pathology of human rabies during treatment. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015 May;34(5):520-8. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000624.

20. Udow SJ, Marrie RA, Jackson AC. Clinical features of dog- and bat-acquired rabies in humans. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;57(5):689-96. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit372. Epub2013 May 30.

21. Willoughby RE Jr, Tieves KS, Hoffman GM, Ghanayem NS, Amlie-Lefond CM, Schwabe MJ, ChusidMJ, Rupprecht CE. Survival after treatment of rabies with induction of coma. NEngl J Med. 2005 Jun 16;352(24):2508-14.

22. Rasalingam P, Rossiter JP, Jackson AC. Recombinant rabies virus vaccine strain SAD-l16 inoculated intracerebrally in young mice produces a severe encephalitis with extensive neuronal apoptosis. Can J Vet Res. 2005 Apr;69(2):100-5.

23. Hemachudha T, Sunsaneewitayakul B, Desudchit T, Suankratay C, Sittipunt C, Wacharapluesadee S, Khawplod P, Wilde H, Jackson AC. Failure of therapeutic coma and ketamine for therapy of human rabies. J Neurovirol. 2006Oct;12(5):407-9.

24. Houston rabies case poses new questions about age-old illness

http://www.statesman.com/news/state--regional/houston-rabies-case-poses-new-questions-about-age-old-illness/8vuqZYjjkWrmURL8NPCHqL/

25. Gilbert AT, Petersen BW, Recuenco S, Niezgoda M, G贸mez J, Laguna-Torres VA, Rupprecht C. Evidence of rabies virus exposure among humans in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop MedHyg. 2012 Aug;87(2):206-15. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0689.

26. Netravathi M, Udani V, Mani RS, Gadad V, Ashwini MA, Bhat M, Mehta S, Chowdhary A, Pal PK, Madhusudana SN, Satishchandra P. Unique clinical and imaging findings in a first ever documented PCR positive rabies survival patient: A case report. J Clin Virol. 2015 Sep;70:83-8. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Jul 7.