垮板戒藉绌挎跨诧绉辨煎扮传垮涓浠

璋ㄤ互姝ゆ娓典功㈢疯开归姐

ㄥ濞寤版ヤ锛奸朵唬涓棰ā绯锛ｄ涓遍浜浼间绘绁璇娣峰ㄤ璧枫姝ゅ变鸡涓宀锛娴极涓琛惰璇烘煎浠ユワ娆ф床澶ч褰卞濉浜涓棰椋锛卞介ｈ充涓轰汉涔澶规告氮婕浠ｅㄤ富涔椋宸澶规浜涓讹涓绉褰卞涓绾扮惧勾姝ㄤ浠讳垮锛浠琚ぇ瑙妯＄搴ㄤ浜浜瀹涓锛榛环褰逛11骞达涔灏辨1055骞达杩ュ灏澹北扮辨煎伴典滑灏卞拌杩绉姝ㄧ瀹筹浠浠纭绌块寮哄茬绠㈡浼伙Ref.1锛杩浜濞灏澹汉寮绠姣浠浠11骞村㈠璇烘间汉绠ㄥ杩瑕寮哄ぇ涓杩姝ゆ剁垮渚舵巩娌″ㄥ灏锛杩绉绠姝ㄩ瑕涓绉扮浜哄ㄦラ搴瀹锛褰辨煎伴垮典滑璁╁璺叉╃窘褰讹杩稿氨浜垮惧勾濞

垮朵杩绋浠ヤ涓哄浣寮涓涓稿渚瀛涓涓绔扮╂浣寮涓锛垮妯㈠苟瀹借寮ч垮姣杩浼肩D锛朵腑寮涔钩寮х剁寮圭稿浜涓よ竟搴浣搴浠ラ叉稿寮变袱渚у虹缁х村杩风娉ㄤ版朵惧浣锛瑙涓涓绔娴璇锛锛浣楂撮甯告逛究讹杩风璁捐涔╀澶ч搴╃ㄦㄦ锛瀵规剁澶ч浜ч甯告

Fig.1涓浣缇界卞ソ剁绱垮锛浠ョ鸿骞崇寮寮х剁寮广(Ref.15)

涓涓绔扮Meare Heath 寮绠卞芥╂寮绠浠ｈ〃锛瀹寮稿骞筹ｄ锛垮杩绉D㈢寮绌剁涔跺寮濮娴琛跺锛颁汉濂ュ圭寮灏卞凡缁垮甯哥被浼硷涓ㄥ㈠锋杩1垮姣涓杩3300骞寸杩寮寮搴璇ュ浜舵锛涓烘у跺昂瀵稿朵澶跺楂杈撅28卞璺锛锛充娇板ゥ圭韬杈灏璺26卞璇锛涔杈惧150纾锛Ref.23锛

涓杩濂ュ圭卞藉お杩锛垮北涓锛浠濂ュ板╁ぇ╀氦澶锛锛浠扮浜虹被娲诲ㄤ锛褰卞村ぇ搴璇ユ娆т汉锛渚濡浠涓归害ㄤ腹楹Nydam娌兼辰惧板ぇ浠ｅ靛骞翠唬澶х害200400骞达朵腑灏辨ヨ绉颁Nydam bow绱ㄥ浣寮锛垮害杈惧颁4550px锛绾70纾锛锋杩1:1垮姣ref.24,Ref.25锛900骞村乏Hedeby 寮涔寰绫讳技锛锛杈惧100纾涔璁告浜娴风浠ヤ镜变鸡璇稿跺锛璁╁灏澹汉颁杩绉绠寮绠介惧哄法澶х濞

Fig.2 锛Hedeby寮澶锛浠伐轰璇村ㄤ藉绮鹃缁㈢Meare Heath 寮告涓杩瀵逛父骞翠娆ф捣浠ヨ锛杩绉绠骞朵瀵瑰瑕姹翠姝ㄦ村ㄧ锛Ref.24锛

Fig.3 介垮灏锛InternationalLongbow Archer Association, ILAA锛缁虹垮瑕姹浠讳ㄥ妯㈠ㄥ寮硅创ㄥ挎0.625╁舰妗胯竟典涓や晶涓寰瓒虹╁舰竟ㄥ㈠璇璇达浣涓洪垮锛寮浣涓藉お骞炽Ref.20

Fig.4 姝ュ绱ㄣ浠ユ妤扮传绾㈢藉涓ょ涓ㄨ川(Ref.16)

妤间富涓跺剧ㄦㄥ朵杩ㄨ川浣寮锛濂ｆ跺炬峰炬．达寰澶涓瑗块芥病娓妤灏变锛ㄦ宠捣ョ氮璐逛涓灏濂芥ㄦ锛朵腑涓硅澶ㄤ璐胯浜ゆ寰扮锛璐浜胯涓濂藉镐俊寰澶浜哄辜骞寸跺芥ㄧ朵寮绠缁锛涓镐俊澶у颁汉界ラㄧ浣涓哄纭绾ょ淮瀵搴稿绔圭介轰灏绔归纭浣涓鸿璐ｆ浼稿舰寮涓杩瀵逛ㄦ锛褰跺寰хㄥ浠ヤ涓虹夸唬锛存病娉ㄦ板ㄧㄧ氦缁寸杩缁у烽瑕瀵逛ㄩㄦ韩绾ょ淮璧板朵浣寮锛ㄧ宸ョ跺灏辫娉ㄦゆㄨ川绾ょ淮浠ュㄨ垂у姒澶存瀛澶ф璁╂ㄦ娌跨氦缁村瑁锛涔涓瑕剧浜ㄧ甸存村

Fig.5跺绔瑰涔浠ユ绔圭戒涓哄锛杩涓逛汉浼缁绔瑰锛涓寰绠锛瀹ц藉苟涓宸杩浜绔瑰甯镐挎堕寸共ュ锛甯哥颁浣(Ret.17)

瀵硅浜瑁寮ㄦ缁х画ㄦ瀛村寰板搴ㄦ★垮害甯稿1.8绫充互涓锛涔灏辨6卞昂т腑涓绾娉锛涓寮垮垮害甯告袱绠垮涓涓ゅ抽抽绠瑕版甯哥ㄨ涓垮害ョ‘瀹寮锛涔灏辨寮寮腑瑰板磋绂汇

Fig.6 ㄦ抽ョ‘瀹垮寮锛BracingHeight锛Ref.18

Fig.7 锋杩浣卞ソ朵垮锛浠ョ轰负浜淇ㄧ氦缁寸杩缁寮芥案杩瑰镐骞炽杩瑕灏涓规变浼稿舰锛淇ㄧ氦缁寸杩缁挨涓洪瑕锛ㄥ寮朵瀹瑕娌跨骞磋疆灞村锛澶х扮寮灏ゅ跺姝ゃ

Fig.8锛 Robert Hardy涔腑充垮朵剧宸竟1传ㄨ川缁锛a锛heart wood锛锛b竟锛sapwood锛锛cㄥ锛宸晶2灏辨澶х村澶搴ㄥYouce寮炬剧ず浜娓绐娓宸ワ涓㈠剧绾块ㄥфㄧ汗搴褰淇ㄥ锛a竟bRef.29

跺ユラ锛涔姘娇ㄧ浣寮芥病淇хㄤㄤ璇绾ょ淮杩缁典锛ㄧ氦缁存韩浼告ц藉氨宸茬冻澶瀵逛传锛绾㈢戒袱绉涓ㄨ川杩杩绉规т村撅借茬扮ㄨ川绾ょ淮磋蒋ц芥村ソ锛娣辫茬ㄦㄨ川村纭寮叉惰缂╋涔氨ぉ剁楂寮规у

褰浣杩规ㄦ″宸ユ涓ぎ妯㈢害4绫宠癸涓ゅご娓锛杩娉ㄦ娓杩绋介杩寮瑰锛娓绐褰㈢朵灏卞浠ヨユ瑕涓姝ワ椹teach the bow to bent浣涓哄浣寮ヨ锛涓轰淇璇涓虹搴涓甯歌姹寮ㄥ集叉朵涓涓缇绛寰寮с变搴瀛寮搴瀹藉害蹇椤诲涓ょ娓芥弧瓒宠涓姹浣蜂绋搴氨瑕ㄩ┋寮杩绋涓琛璋淬

Fig.9 椹绀烘俱Ref.19

椹涓昏娴绋灏辨瀵寮ㄤ绋搴寮茬褰㈢舵寮甯搁瑕洪澶垮害锛浠ヤ究讳椹剁涓存跺鸡妲斤ㄨ川朵т卞撮寮妲斤骞跺寮ф璺浠板ぇ渚娆℃ｅㄤㄦЫ璺澧澶ц灏杩琛锛骞朵姣ｅ涓涓Ы涔瑕璁╁浼娈垫堕翠互渚块惧ㄥ妫ュ负寮х跺集茬涓涓规灏辨ㄦㄥ璐村ㄥ圭涓ㄤ瑙瀵寮ф楂瑰ㄥ骞抽㈢璺绂烩璺绂昏灏娈靛澶‖锛瑕纾ㄥ广

褰寮浣寮茬搴凡缁揪版弧寮瑕姹讹椹灏卞浜涓ョ宸ヤ寮瀛ц藉氨崇郴涓澶т变垮杈澶э涓ょㄨ川寮Ы芥娉垮锛浠ヤ袱绔濂涓瑙宸ュ哄鸡妲斤杩涔垮杩绫诲ぇ浣寮涓涓瑰

Fig.10 浠舵浣卞ソ朵瑙璐ㄥ鸡妲斤Horn nock锛锛娉ㄦㄤ富寮Ы澶渚ц涓涓娴妲斤杩涓寮怀浣跨ㄧ锛浼缁垮涓病杩涓澶妲姐Ref.21

Fig.11 瑙璐ㄥ鸡妲界瀹瑁瑰Ref.25

Fig.12 锛1415涓绾卞介垮句腑灞绀轰垮浼缁涓寮瑰骞朵瑕涓寮怀锛蹇逛究锛浣瀵瑰宸ф涓瀹瑕姹Ref.22

垮绉稿濮姝瀹濞涓浠浠ユ浜韩锛撮瑕跺害╁ㄨ辨煎板骞跺灏澹1252骞达浜ㄥ╀涓棰甯浜扮娉妗锛璇ユ妗瀹1181骞村娉妗锛Assize of Arms of 1181锛╁扮娉妗寮鸿浜寮绠瑕р充娇浣绌凤缃寮绠椤荤锛Ref.2锛存╂酣╀涓舵锛灏辨娉浠よ瀹ㄥ绠哄璇激虫浜￠藉浠ュ浜璋锛Ref.14锛

姝ｆ伴垮浜娼胯库锛longshank锛卞痉涓锛杩浣卞藉涓璋涓枫1264骞达涓轰酣╀涓涓娆℃璐ヤ琚涓轰汉璐ㄨ韩峰瑰涓杩绗骞翠灏辨瓒憋骞堕缁轰昏触浜瀵规广浠浠朵翰瀹浜ょ浜浠涔1268骞达浠绗瀛涓寰ㄨ触锛村1274骞存杈杞拌辨煎帮姝ｅ界蹇卞痉变勾堕达12771284锛瀹浜瀵瑰灏澹缁娌伙棰甯濞灏澹锛骞舵繁扮库璧缁濞灏澹汉锛灏涓哄灏澹翰锛村颁惰ユ哄绘

濞灏澹汉垮缁辨煎颁汉涓浜娣卞荤拌薄浠卞痉涓у璁拌堪涓浠跺浠ョ伴ｄ璁板锛1182骞寸夸集灏硷Abergavenny锛村涓濞灏澹汉灏娴㈢┛卞锛10绫筹姗℃ㄥ涓palmalis fere spissitudinis transpenetrarun锛磋辨theypenetrated nearly the space of a palm锛Robert Hardy璁や负a palm稿浜ㄧa hand锛涓瀹斤涔灏辨卞锛冲涔涓卞锛冲25涓杈惧拌风绌块锛寮冲瑕100纾锛骞朵瑕规绠ご褰㈢讹瑙Ref.14锛褰舵浣璇烘奸涓诲虫濞寤炬冲ゅ灏澹汉ユ姝ㄧ╋ㄦ涓浣楠澹跨璐┛浜瀛蹭ょ澶ц匡绠ご缁х画杩灏绌夸ㄨ川椹骞剁楠浜村戒激(Ref.14)绫讳技渚瀛杩楠澹ㄤ¤胯璐┛虫澶寸寮跺涓¤垮涓锛涓ゆ灏辫锋浠ㄤ椹锛Ref.14锛

涓杩垮濞板澶澶эㄧ浠ｅ澶虹涔锛澶у骞朵娓妤涓杩涓娌娌＄板府浜浜轰滑澶у1545骞719ワ浜ㄥ╁扮涓界帮Mary Rose锛ㄥ璧疯涔灏辨娌′褰剁浜轰滑璁告病冲帮杩颁涓400澶骞村汉浠绌堕垮涓昏瀹╂ユ颁浜涓绾骞翠唬锛浜轰滑ㄦ版楠搁惧颁涓や釜瑁婊￠垮绠卞锛杩浜骞歌垮浠ぇ澶淇瀛稿瀹濂斤绱规澶渚фㄨ川绾夸舵俱

ㄥ杩浜寮杩琛浜绯荤淇ㄥ璋娓╂箍搴瀹ゅ杩琛骞茬ワ骞跺舵琛ㄩ㈡虹锛朵瑰寮浣剧疆浣缃互娑ゅㄥ锛急涓姝ｅ父诧骞剁ㄧ浜楹绘补杩琛琛ㄩ㈠锛跺涓★纾ㄦ版锛村板婊浜杩涓楠ゅ惧勾垮浠ぉ杩琛淇绘舵浣涔凤锛杩浜寮杩琛浜稿娴璇锛变勾浠ｄ杩锛娴璇村┋寮锛杩浜寮琚姝ョ澧澶ф璺骞剁虫炬句互惧缁琛ㄦ浜寮浠借揪板浠璺锛渚濡朵腑MR1648璺30卞舵60纾锛杩涓惧版剧ず跺ㄧ绾ょ淮宸茬颁涓灏村惧井瑙瀵涔璇瀹浜杩涓广规缁版琛妯℃寰轰浜虹缁锛稿妯″杈惧颁153纾

瀵硅涓版寮虹搴ヨ跺璇ョ灏绠ㄦ涔锛浠ｉ垮浠浣跨ㄧ垮涓瓒杩90纾杩浜互涓虹户夸腑涓绾垮佃。电寮浠技涔剧镐俊浠浠杈浠浠ラ┚椹姝ゆ垮杩浜瀹朵涓存虫瀵规浼拌颁浠甯姘村钩涓锛浜炬惧轰及绠妯″璇界朵腑存浜娉㈡锛浜哄轰姣杈浣锛跺繁灏涔浜绯绘2锛锛妯″浼间病浠涔浠ヨ川

涓杩瀵硅甯寮虹绾堪浠璁╀浠寸濂芥瑰氨ц浜寮版跺寮垮浜伐浣缁浠ヤ褰跺凡缁姘跺澶уRoy King锛1944-2009锛锛╃ㄤ富瑕浜ц戒宸锛杩姘涓绾剁娆ф床澶ч寰杩锛澶钩娲绱朵缁瀹涓涓跺浠102.5纾135纾涓绛灏杩浜澶跺娴版唬妯″锛寰虹璁＄缁杩浜寮瀹茬嚎稿诲

画绌惰〃 Mary Rose寮浠100纾180纾宸朵腑涓150~160纾涔淬瀵逛150纾垮锛ㄨ卞界瀹跺浜绉瀛㈢ㄥ寮归疯揪娴寰版涓锛

53.6g绠 64.3m/s ㄨ111J 寮归48.9m/s64.1J 瀹澶у绋312m~328m涔达介╀58%

95.9g绠 53.0m/s ㄨ134J 寮归 44.9m/s89.9J 瀹澶у绋228m~249m涔达介╀67%

100+崇灏ㄨ藉樊涓澶稿浜浠ｆ涓涔涓锛绠ご浠ュㄨ璺绂绘璐┛╂瀛茬虫跨诧涓⒊㈡剁绫冲扮茬┛姣杈伴撅浣浠涓澶卞芥э

充115g绠Robert Hardy浼扮ㄨ界害150炽繁х璐ㄩ寰哄绛璐ㄩ负34.15g锛ㄨ181.7筹杩峰灏115g绠ㄨ藉浠ヨ揪140筹涓150杩锛涓烘娌℃惧板锛浠涓界板垮澶涓村拌涓娈典富瑕darsten_huowen缃瀵Hardy堪绔缈昏锛ㄦ瀵darsten_huowen琛ㄧず璋浠搴褰藉у垮绗浜猴

纭堕瑕绠т腑涓绾瑕姹锛绠绠村绾负卞锛涔灏辨13mm锛浠ｄ缁寮卞ソ澶у浣跨8mm村绠锛歌涔涓濡枫

Fig.13锛垮ㄧ稿缁涓缇芥锛甯告姣锛120搴す瑙绮ㄧ涓锛骞剁ㄧ缁崇缁恒句腑杩风绠窘垮害杈8卞锛骞朵锋澶у瑙锛缇芥澶╃惰搴浠ュ澶ч琛剁煎稿０锛寰楠璇锛浣灏辨繁缁锛纭姝わ娉ㄦｇ瑰朵腑涓缇芥达杩圭窘姣绉颁负涓荤窘锛灏绠舵澶锛涓涓韬瑙锛灏辨ｄ存ヨ澧寮哄害Ref.22

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