涓浣楸煎锛绌剁浜

瀵逛╃涓浣涔冲浣锛浠戒

涓╄浠缁浜涓浣绫借タ硅茶绋锛ㄧ姘翠绱澶寰浣姣缁ц涓浣舵浜ゅ颁茬涓浣唬锛灏辨ぇ瀹堕辩澶у藉涓ㄥ绫界绫界浜

锛绫借タ硅茶绋绀烘撅

浠钩跺棣涔浣锛堕绁灏ㄨ舵′欢涓剁跺舰灏㈠浠ユх娈涔浠ュ辩绉瀛杩琛х娈锛浜虹被渚垮╃ㄤ杩涓癸杩х娈娈靛涓浣淇涓ワ缁寰颁棣娌℃涓澶у纭苯棣

褰讹や涓浣锛浣缁涓村濂蹭╀

芥瑕绮浣╀涓灏害锛剁灏辨ㄥぇ绾50涓骞村涓北缇灞妞╁澶╃舵浜わ涓轰浣锛颁璺浠绾8000骞村锛浣灏害涓涓绉浜叉浜澶╃舵浜わ缁褰㈡浜浣唬锛涔灏辨涓村骞夸负藉圭灏害

锛楂涓╂涓浣灏害ユ绠撅

浣ㄧ╃澶浣锛浼间氨姣妞╃瑕绋缃寰澶浜

杩骞存ワ涓浣杞哄涓楸煎ㄥ垮ぇ缇介杩瑰涓甯锛浠ュ涓ぇ崇涓浣¤锛ㄧ缁涓锛ㄧ╃涓浣绘娓杩ヤ澶т瑙

浜轰滑硅蹭浣姘存涓昏负浜寰版绫界瀹锛硅蹭浣ㄧ╂负浜浠涔锛

涓楸煎¤芥寮浣寮浣绮剧ㄧ╋涓藉涓疯琛х娈锛ｄ锛涓浣ㄧ╂硅茬

涓浣ㄧ╃硅插

变绛ㄧ╁涔芥х娈锛ｄ剁朵骇涓浣ㄧ╋句互琚涓ャ姝わ浜轰滑娉硅查涓凤浠剁寰涓浣楂绛ㄧ┿ㄨ瑙妯″绘涓浣ㄧ╋芥杩绉娈典汉宸ヨ瀵煎扮锛杩涔灏辨敞瀹浜浜哄伐硅蹭浣ㄧ╀浼澶跨

1932骞达寰峰界瀛Fabius Gross杩瀵瑰绮剧电戒互浣俯锛璇卞涓绉涓Artemia salina插３绾插ㄧ╀骇浜涓浣唬[1]风规琚瀛浠璇ㄤ捐[2]椴楸[3]锛冲[4]

1959骞达娲ュぇ瀛板害绫绉瀛Har Swarup浜哄伐璇卞寰颁涓浣涓妫洪奔锛涓绉灏杩娴风‖楠ㄩ奔绫伙[5]涔缁骞寸绱㈠绌讹寰涓浣ㄧ╃瑰娓澧锛浜轰滑涔缁浜板ㄩ菠楸笺椴㈤奔槌楸笺椴奔归澶ч楸笺椴枫榛椴枫㈠ご椴椴缃楸肩澶绉楸肩被茬涓寰涓浣/浣[6-9]

锛涓妫洪奔锛

璐绫荤涓浣绌跺涓绾80骞翠唬寮濮娓涓虹ㄧ锛1981骞达浣缇界瀛ㄥ瀛瀵肩规寰浜涓浣缇床¤浜轰滑宸茬ㄩ跨¤灏煎博¤у附¤互甯轰甯歌澶钩娲¤澶绉¤浠ュ娴锋咕璐纭３ゃ辩汗椴查绛璐绫荤涓浣茬涓寰浜[11-13]

锛辩汗椴锛

锛ㄧ╃涓浣茬朵富瑕ㄦ按浜у绘瑙璧奔棰寮灞

涓轰涔瑕硅蹭浣ㄧ╋

棣锛姝ｅ父浜浣ㄧ╁ㄦф舵绻娈瀛ｈ锛戒璁稿介ㄤц哄插浜х绮惧碉浜ㄧ╁ㄧ娈姝讳骸涔浼涓涓浣ㄧ╃变锋涓茬规эц哄涓浼叉锛ㄤц哄茬杩ㄥ介琚绾ョㄤ裤杩蜂ワ涓浣ㄧ╁寰块搴村揩涓ご村ぇ锛涔垮浜绻娈垮婊璐ㄤ姝讳骸楂虹锛锋楂缁环[14, 15]

锛涓浣¤釜澶存村ぇ锛

锛榫涓浣涓楸间釜浣捐澶т浣涓楸硷

涓归姘翠骇绘寰寰渚璧娴锋婀娉绛舵按浣锛绘ㄧ╂汉宸ュ硅茬浜ょ寮ョ澶ョ╃涓存娲按绛碉瀵艰村绘涓歌ヨ剁澧锛灏变姹℃╃哄搴锛褰㈡扮绉缇や╃绔浜锛瀵圭澧跺ｇ褰卞涓浣绘濂藉拌В充杩涓锛绘涓充娇镐涓锋绻娈藉锛涓浼姹℃哄搴锛涔涓浼浜х澶ч唬涓╃浜澶虹瀛璧婧

锛浣涓虹╃琚ワ村浠や汉澶寸肩ヤ镜╃瑜浜猴淇绉伴娲插ぇ锛

浜轰滑浠ラ杩绉存浜ゆヨ寰煎蜂袱涓╃浼跨浜ゅ绉锛浣浜浜や浣瀛甯镐浣浜や浣变锋涓逛翰涓ゅ蹭锛瀛藉捐楂ㄨ绉典锛灏卞浠ラ杩璇卞浜や浣锛ュ板璐ㄤ浜ゅ绘绉

涓浣ㄧ╂硅插烘ョ锛

浜轰滑寰涓浣ㄧ╃规寰澶锛界舵浣璧锋ユ杈楹荤峰涓瀹涓涓э浣跺村苟涓澶

存娉缂浜わ╁1965骞达灏辨绉瀛浜妞ㄧ╁浠ラ杩浜や骇涓浣唬[16]锛浜轰滑宸茬杩楸济槌楸笺椴奔椴ら奔㈠ご椴椴奔绛缁寰浜涓浣浣楸笺

╃瀛规ㄩ奔绫讳浣茬涓ㄦ涓哄箍娉锛涓昏蜂姘村浼[7, 8]

ㄩ奔绫诲电姝ｅ父褰㈡杩绋涓绾у垫缁蹭澶舵濂瑕杩琛涓ゆ板瑁绗娆℃涓瑁讹褰㈡涓涓ぇ娆＄骇垫缁涓涓绗浣锛涓ゅ蹭涓浣琚猴楸煎典腑浣涓蹭浠袱濂绗娆℃瑁ㄥ瑁涓锛楸兼虹绮惧杩ラ奔靛婵娲婚奔电户缁瑁锛哄涓濂蹭绗浣锛╀涓濂ヨ楸肩蹭涓濂ヨ楸肩蹭

濡ㄥ板瑁杩绋涓姘存俯姘村锛瑕璧峰堕淬缁堕村澶寮哄害寰褰锛灏辨藉共版甯哥瑁锛瀵艰寸浜浣涓烘蹭澶锛缁寰涓浣浣楸[15]

瀛╁涔疯藉共板板瑁杩绋锛灏卞姘翠绱璇卞瑗跨浜х浣涓枫涓浜瀛╀濡″锛浠ョ村涓绾洪や锛浣垮稿瑁琚腑姝杩涓浜╀濡缁惧绱B锛介荤缁琛ㄥ剁缉娌褰㈡锛瀵艰寸璐ㄦ娉姝ｅ父瑁[10]

ㄨ绫荤涓浣茬涓楂娓╃″缁惧绱B6-浜叉皑哄ょ瀛╁锛父ㄧ璇卞规

褰讹灏卞浜绫借タ棣骞朵浼瀵艰翠汉浣ｇ涓瀛涓蹭凤缁绌躲娴璇锛缁寰浠ラ杩妫娴涓浣楸肩被璐绫伙瀵逛汉浣ュ悍涔娌℃卞锛瀹浠瀹ㄦх涓姣浼缁浜浣楸煎璐绫诲樊锛涓浣杞哄涓楸间涓浼杩缇介ｇ灞锛FDA锛妫娴锛缁杩ョ介跺哄

1. Gross F. Untersuchungen 眉ber die Polyploidie und die Variabilitat bei Artemia salina. Natur-wissenschaften.1932. 20: pp. 9627. (in German)

2. Fankhauser G, Griffiths RB. Induction of Triploidy and Haploidy in the Newt, Triturus Viridescens, by Cold Treatmentof Unsegmented Eggs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1939 May; 25(5):233-8.

3. Svardson G. Chromosome studies on Salmonidae. American Naturalist. 1945. 119 (119): 329-36.

4. Beatly RA, Fishchberg M. Spontaneous and induced triploidy in pre-implantation mouse eggs. Nature. 1949 May. 163(4151): 807.

5. Swarup H. Production of triploidy in gasterosteus aculeatus(L). Journal of Genetics. 1959. 56(2):129-42.

6. 妤煎涓. 楸肩被茬瀛. 浜:涓藉涓虹绀, 1999.

7. Hong Y. Tetraploidy induced by heat shock in bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis. Acta Zool Sin. 1990. 36: 70-5.

8. Don J, Avtalion RR. Comparative study on the induction of triploidy in tilapias, using cold- and heat-shock techniques. Journal of Fish Biology, 2010, 32(5):665-72.

9. Zou S, Li S, Cai W, et al. Establishment of fertile tetraploid population of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Aquaculture. 2004. 238(1): 155-64.

10. Stanley JG, Allen Jr. SK, Hidu H. Polyploidy induced in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, with cytochalasin B. Aquaculture. 1981 Apr. 23(1-4): 1-10.

11. Yamamoto S, Sugawara Y, Nomura T. Induced triploidy in Pacific oyster, Crassosyrea gigas, and performance of triploid larvae. Tohoku Journal Agric Res. 1988. 39: 47-59.

12. Gendreau S, Grizel H. Induced triploidy and tetraploidy in the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis L. Aquaculture. 1990 Nov.90(3-4): 229-38.

13. El-Wazzan E, Scarpa J. Improving triploidy induction in the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria notata: cytological evaluation of fertilized eggs. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2009. 35(3): 385-403.

14. Taberini CL. Induced triploidy in the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, and its effects on growth and gametogenesis. Aquaculture. 1984 Nov. 42(2): 151-60.

15. Stanley JG, Hidu H, Allen Jr. SK. Growth of American oysters increased by polyploidy induced by blocking meiosisbut not meiosis . Aquaculture. 1984 Mar. 37(2): 147-55.

16. Rasch EM, Darnell RM, Kallman KD, Abramoff P. Cytophotometric evidence for triploidy in hybrids of the gynogenetic fish, Poecilia formosa. J Exp Zool. 2010.160(2):155-69.