5澶х糕娴瑷锛绉瀛濡浣涓涓荤

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充娇浜轰滑颁杩涓癸宠瀹ㄦょ瀛璇В村电涓浜锛句俱惰涓村ㄧ杩蜂缇や汉锛浠浠ぉ涓杈杈宸ヤ锛寰寰杩蹇浼澶璁涓虹灏辨ょ瀛璇В骞朵╄绘拌瑙ｄ虹璐ｄ换杩涔璁╄澶榛榛荤绉瀛伐浣绁ｈ骞冲＄宸ヤユ浜＄涓㈢澶у5涓句互娑ょ璇В缂锛骞惰缁朵腑璧峰褰卞锛

璇В1锛浠讳锛瑕╂绛ュ氨芥芥

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浣瀛浠濡茬惰虹虹涔宠虹绛澶у鸿楠缁涓锛╂绛ュ苟涓舵瀹ｄｆ锋涓烘ｈ界姣濡锛涓椤归瀵规诲341,342涓浜涓哄т复搴璇楠缁琛ㄦ╂绛ュ苟娌℃浣虹存

垮ぇ澶浼澶уAnthony Miller棰瀵艰琛浜涓椤瑰垮ぇ藉涔宠虹绛ョ绌讹杩椤归瀵89,835骞撮40~59涔村濂抽胯揪25骞寸绌惰〃姣勾涔虫X妫ュ苟娌℃涔宠虹姝讳骸涓烘璁轰惰娌荤锛浜杩缁浼娉娌绘瀵艰存浜°讹╂绛ヨラ婵杩瑰戒甯ュ澶璐㈠奖涓鸿澶灞涓㈢杩绋锛ㄥ骞朵浼缁ｈ甯ュ澶т激瀹筹浠ユ╂绛ュ寰浼淇浣挎ｈ荤婵杩规不娉锛虫ゆ锛杩琛骞朵蹇瑕茬惰哄ゃ涔虫垮ゅ哄ゃ姣濡涔宠虹ｈ杩琛涔虫垮ゆ寰寰稿濉凤ょ剁缉锛涔充缂╂涓寰澶ｈ虫浜宸ㄥぇ浼よ姝わュ翠釜瑙瑙版ｈ浜虹兢锛╂绛ユ甯ョ濂藉锛芥斤骞舵病瓒杩堕╋澶卞芥杩琛涓浜涓蹇瑕娌荤锛

姝ゅ锛杩虫敞绛ョ瀵逛绌朵涓瀹褰卞锛跨ゅ瀹朵滑变澶堕存ヤ璁轰钩虹ｈ40宀50宀ｇ锛娌℃娉ㄦ版ｈ瑕村ソ妫娴杩涓浜瀹姣濡锛濡浣妫娴烘ｈ跨ゆ揩胯㈠灞璇规搴璇ユ村涓ユ煎绮剧‘锛杩锋界姝ｅ版芥姐浜2015骞1浠藉琛ㄥInternational Journal of Epidemiology涓涓绡绌剁О锛绛ュ涓浠ラ浣19绉涓昏剧姝讳骸

惰瀹涓瑰涓绫讳汉瑙蹇靛琛涓烘甯歌伴剧锛翠佃浜浜轰腑寰澶тㄥ轰繁涓汉缁杩琛ゆ涓轰浠涓鸿繁界变╂绛ヨ璇虹骞惰琛跨ゅよ寰颁寤堕裤浜轰滑存挎镐俊姣骞寸蹇妫娴姣挎楗瑙寰荤煎棰茬存锛╂绛ュ凡缁涓轰绉荤浜洪借涓哄ュ悍瑰浣瀹涓浜轰滑ｇ椋╁苟娌℃姝よ浣

璇В2锛"澶╀娇"姘у"榄楝"卞

1945骞12锛缇藉瀛寰风撼濮路硷Denham Harman锛濡诲寤鸿浠璇汇濡濂充瀹躲蹇锛Ladies' Home Journal锛涓涓绡涓衡ぉ浣浼寰村勾杞烩锛Tomorrow You May Be Younger锛绔锛娌℃冲拌村浜浠ㄤ汉绫昏归㈢磋叮板勾宸叉宸澶у浼╁★University of California, Berkeley锛╃绌跺煎澹拷垛靛涔轰浜轰辫卞哄璧风瑙光浜轰伴浠ｈ阿骇ㄤ褰㈡娲绘у瀛骞跺寸浼ゃ

骞垮ぇ绉瀛浠濮绾风悍璁ゅ煎澹互卞轰负虹璁哄舵璁猴骞朵璁や负涓卞哄瀛姘у瀵逛汉绫诲ュ悍卞哄璧疯“杩涓璁虹朵寮稿璁轰璧凤涓轰ㄥ涓负颁澶杈惧板辫绉瀛璁恒颁涓绾骞翠唬锛璁稿浜哄濮ㄦ姘у琛ュ锛璇稿缁翠C尾-¤绱锛ュ欢缂琛拌

惰21涓绾锛绉瀛浠ㄦ绠娓寤鸿璁轰绯绘跺村浜涓浜浠や汉版缁璁猴浜х杩卞虹杞哄灏涓榧瀵垮界稿锛惰涓稿搴浜х杩姘у杞哄灏翠娌℃姣榧娲诲翠ㄩ澶甯ヨ㈠插荤版腑锛杩风灞浜渚锛骞朵璧峰涔病瀛挎琛ㄨ绌躲卞戒鸡ぇ瀛University College London锛绠绉UCL锛David Gems浜2003骞村濮琛ㄥ瀵硅卞虹璁虹璁烘锛浠璁や负卞虹璁衡灏卞绉浜轰滑涓灏璇灏╋充娇涓讳板惰琛诲伙浣瀹灏辨娉琚2009骞达涓椤瑰轰汉浣绌惰〃姘у琛ュ涓ラ荤浜浣查荤煎浜轰ュ悍甯ョ绉浣2013骞寸涓椤圭绌跺姘у琛ュ涓姝讳骸筹2015骞翠袱绡琛ㄥNatureJNCI锛Journal of the National Cancer Institute锛缇藉藉绌舵蹇锛涓璁烘杩涓姝ヨ姘у藉缁╂ｃ

浣浠ヤ绌剁骞舵病浣垮ㄧ姘у甯猴楗茬楗叉娣诲ㄥ锛澧剧锛2013骞村ㄧ姘у甯轰骇间负21浜跨锛棰璁″2020骞村澧31浜跨姘у琛拌姒蹇典浠ョ涓涓烘姘у甯烘宸ㄥぇ锛垫颁澶浜虹╃

濡浠锛界跺ぇ澶颁琛拌绌剁绉浜哄借卞虹浼瀵艰翠汉浣缁浼わ浣杩浼间汉浣㈠姝ｅ父搴涓ㄥ锛绉瀛浠凡缁ㄨ棰娴垂浜澶璧婧堕淬澹宸ュSwiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich锛涓浠伴浠ｈ阿棰绌跺Michael Ristow琛ㄧず锛"卞虹浼瀵艰翠汉浣缁浼や跺ㄩ荤绉浜哄琛ㄦ宠卞哄芥璁烘ㄦ澶х界跺凡缁澶ч浠ヨ卞哄芥锛浣浜轰滑浠朵挎杩涓广"

璇В3锛浜鸿瓒绾уぇ

浜虹被澶ц锛堕＄璁ょヨ藉锛甯歌璁や负╃澶ц杩宸宄般浜鸿浼垮颁甯稿浜汉涓朵ㄥ告圭瓒澶у昂瀵革浠ュ朵腑绁缁绁缁惰川锛璧锋浣瀵搴

涓杩锛浠ヤ堪瀹ㄦ℃缇戒汉绫荤╁瀹Chet Sherwood璇撮锛"浜虹被澶ц绗绛姣渚惧ぇ锛浜虹被ユ涓涓姣渚澧澶х甸跨被ㄧ╁ぇ"浠ヤ汉绫讳镐技ㄧ╃告锛浜虹被澶ц7澶у浣榧娴疯澶ц涓姣涓汉姣涔稿锛涓浜楦绫诲ぇ姣虫村ぇ缇界缁瀹Lori Marino璁や负锛"浜轰滑绘浜瀵硅繁╃版"浜虹被冲ㄥぇ缁缁璁℃伴芥澶稿锛璁烘璇璁轰互绉涔缁父颁汉ユ1000浜夸釜绁缁锛瀹涓村纭璁℃拌〃杩涓扮存杩860浜裤杩浜ョ璇樊锛浣稿樊140浜夸釜绁缁稿浜袱涓村ぇ绁缁版诲

浜鸿ㄥ朵归涓浜朵甸跨被ㄧ╃澶ц锛轰汉杩涓骇骞舵╁ぇ浜澶ц锛ㄥぇ涓富瑕璐璐ｆ璇斤锛骞朵ㄥぇ绁缁戒浜х浜圭瑰

浜虹被╁瀹Chet Sherwood杩琛ㄧず锛充汉ユ瓒绾у绁缁板苟涓浜璇В宸茬绁缁瀛绌跺灞浜璇涓鸿蜂ワ绉宸ヤ渚垮灏娑充汉涓ㄧ╁ぇ朵归㈠樊寮绌跺璋ワ姣濡介唬璋缁茬绁缁杩绋杩藉绛浠ヤ杩浜涔芥汉涓朵ㄧ╁ぇ涓涓涔澶锛骞朵浼间缁绘版病澶灏稿虫с骞歌绁缁棰绉瀛浠凡缁ㄥ朵归㈤姝ュ寮瀵逛汉稿崇绌讹璇稿藉藉绌堕US National Institutes of Health锛浜虹被杩缁椤圭澹妗宸ュ㈢"璁″锛Blue Brain Project锛"芥璇鹃杩杩瑰涓昂瀵稿ぇ灏ユ绱汉姐

璋4锛╂娆㈢瑰瀛浣

浜轰滑甯稿父杩寰瀹规朵涓浜浜虹被硅川褰涓鸿繁"瀵诲父澶у"澶ц锛杩涔寰寰浼寰澶璇В锛朵腑娴浼杈骞跨涓涓濡涓涓汉ㄤ繁娆㈢瑰瀛锛杩跺涔借揪版浣炽姣濡璇达瀛璇浜洪杩澶存璇惧涔妫锛瀛瑙瑙稿崇ヨ浜洪ㄥ捐〃惧舰瀛涓烘

杩涓璇В涓や釜归甯告纭棣锛寰澶浜哄濡浣淇℃芥繁ソ锛璇琛ㄦ甯浣跨ㄥ涓瀹妯″璇炬剁瀛濂斤舵锛变汉浠姹ユ宠圭娓存锛璇ヨ瑙ｈ烘ョ′欢涔搴杩浜瀛瑰缁涓鸿涓璇В褰㈡澶濂戒涓′欢锛浜瀹涓裤插瀛璁や负浜轰滑浠ユ釜瑙搴锛灏卞叉佃凤鹃浣娆㈢涓瀹浣濂界涓瀹浣锛

2008骞达4璁ょョ缁瀹跺瀵瑰涔瑰绉瀛琛浜璇瀹°浠浠锛浠涓浜绌朵负楠璇杩涓瑙癸╂娆㈢瑰瀛浣筹杩琛浜涓ヨ皑娴璇锛澶у扮绌惰〃ф浜烘娆㈢瀛瑰琛瀛浠/濂圭瀛骞舵病濂藉朵腑涓椤圭绌剁浣‘琛ㄨ揪浜繁瑙癸"ㄦ蹭腑锛杩绉瀛瑰娆㈣搴缂轰璇寸宸浠浠や汉锛翠护浜轰瀹"

惰锛插涓╁剧琛涓锛涓杩扮璁烘病绘浜轰滑涓虹绉充涔规句功娴璇浠5骞撮锛瓒杩360绡璁烘寮ㄥ涔瑰垫ョ锛浜绉瀛浠╁镐俊"╂娆㈢瑰瀛浣"瑙癸灏ゅ堕ｄ㈠╃锛姣濡ｄ璁捐充浣灏浜鸿琛绫荤疯ョ浜轰滑

ㄨ骞撮锛虫叉规绌跺凡缁〃纭瀛ㄨ藉褰卞楂瀛规锛瀛杩琛荤瑙ｉ姒蹇电骞朵涔浜猴ら瀛纰锛芥炬缁剁瀛浣筹骞堕娇ㄥ朵腑涓绉惰变甯浠"╂娆㈢瑰瀛浣"涓宸茬ヤ寰澶蹇琛锛姝や浠瀵圭瀛瑰版瑰瀛瀛锛炬缁瀛瑰浜х佃Е缁浠充究璇锛璁稿绉瀛瀛规涔寰捐ヨ

璋5 锛浜哄姝ｆ扮骇澧

充汉杩澶蹇ф╁浜1978骞Thomas Malthusу棰娴锛浜哄剁扮骇澧垮瀵艰撮ゥ璐般

浣璁烘杩浜哄骞舵病虹扮骇澧匡浜瀹涓灏ヤ涓澶у藉姝ゅ裤ㄤ浜哄澧跨搴负1965骞村涓锛濡浠扮涓澶х害73浜夸汉锛棰璁″2050骞翠汉灏杈惧97浜裤惰夸浠ユワ寰澶浜轰村淇′汉澧块搴蹇瀵艰翠ャ姣濡╃瀛浠1969骞磋充锛浠汉扮骇澧垮朵弗杩涓璇棰灏辩杩1742烘璁层

瀹涓锛涓浜哄椋╁ㄥ瑁界伯缁缁锛Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations锛璋ワㄧ绮浜ч澧块搴杩浜哄澧锛浠璁＄ㄧ浜烘绉妞璋风╂渚¤矾灏辫藉绘椿100浜垮120浜夸汉浣楗ラタュ讳渚惰ㄥㄧ寤讹杩涓哄ぇ绾55%绮澧跨ㄤ荤茬朵朵锛宠娴垂浜涓涔澶т富锛瀵浜烘ユ澶ч╋稿绌蜂汉ユ椋╁灏涓绫讳技锛ㄥㄧ村姘磋婧骞朵绋缂猴浣充究濡姝ゅㄧ渚舵12浜夸汉澶浜己姘寸娲荤舵涓

缇戒汉缁璁″瀹Nicholas Eberstadt瑙逛佃琛锛浜哄杩╁苟涓姝ｇ浜哄杩╋涓昏传绌风惰锛绀句绉瀛浠╁瀹朵滑骞舵病绌朵负浣娉娑传绌凤浠ュ冲娉濡浣藉缁扮淮扮浜哄涓跨涓锛存讳负浜哄杩╃瀹涔浜璁虹㈢孩宠丹锛充娇宸茬ラ浠ヤ杩浜浜瀹浜轰滑涔骞舵病虫敞

浠や汉肩璇В

1. 寮

革灏界纭瀛ㄤ浜椋╋浣涓缁纰崇郴宸插娆¤璇璇

2. 锛瀵逛版皑洪锛哄跺凡

革灏界ㄥ凡骞挎浣跨浣瀵逛互朵╃┒绔濡浣ヤ浜虹被浠浠浜瑙ｅ朵腑涓浜宸层

3. 澶ц涓郴缁镐绂

革澶ц惰韩锛浜轰滑ㄦ杩涓椤圭绌朵腑杩浜灏澶ц涓韩浣郴缁歌娣宸寸郴缁

4. 椤哄跨娉琛

绉椤哄跨娉锛Homeopathy锛绉板绫荤娉锛绉夸唬诲锛剁璁哄虹"风跺娌荤绫荤剧"锛灏辨负浜娌荤绉剧浣跨ㄤ绉藉ㄥュ悍浜轰腑浜х稿剁

革浜瀹涓锛涓琛

绉瀛伐浣璇ユ锛

璇В涓虹锛甯镐娣卞ヤ汉蹇骞朵寰捐娑ゃ蹇绌惰〃灏璇缈讳涓瑙ｅ寰浼瀵艰翠汉浠璇ヨ瑙ｆ村己界惰浠ュㄥ绉宸ヤ瀹ㄦよ浜绉瀛骞夸负瀛ㄧ璇В涔界锛浣灏璇垮ユ村璇В存浠峰肩璁稿璇В寰寰虹ㄤ绉浜哄瀵逛浜虹宸ヤ瑙ｆ寮杩搴╁虹涔涓锛姣濡卞猴锛杩绉"杩瑙ｈ锛interpretation creep锛"瀵艰寸璇В寰寰寰炬ゃ涓轰叉杩风靛锛绉浜哄搴褰纭姣涓璁洪藉轰版苟涓缁璇瀹ゆ涔澶锛绉浜哄村璇ュ寮哄郊姝や寸娌浜ゆ浠ワ绉瀛伐浣浠ㄨ琛镐浜ゆ惰界跺璇ヨ拷姹楂锛浣浠璀ｄ杩浜缂╃淇℃

稿虫

1. History: Great myths die hard | H茅lo?se D. Dufour& Sean B. Carroll | Nature 502, 3233 (03 October 2013) DOI:10.1038/502032a | http://www.nature.com/news/history-great-myths-die-hard-1.13839

2. Cancer: Missing the mark | Lizzie Buchen | Nature 471, 428-432 (2011) DOI:10.1038/471428a | http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110323/full/471428a.html

3. Screening for prostate cancer | Ilic, D., Neuberger, M. M., Djulbegovic, M. & Dahm, P. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1, CD004720 (2013) | DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004720.pub3 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440794?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg

4. Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial | BMJ 2014; 348 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g366 (Published 11 February 2014) | http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g366

5. Does screening for disease save lives in asymptomatic adults? Systematic review of meta-analyses and randomized trials | Saquib N, Saquib J, Ioannidis JP | Int J Epidemiol. 2015 Feb;44(1):264-77. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu140. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440794?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg

6. Against the oxidative damage theory of aging: superoxide dismutases protect against oxidative stress but have little or no effect on life span in Caenorhabditis elegans | Doonan R, McElwee JJ, Matthijssens F, Walker GA, Houthoofd K, Back P, Matscheski A, Vanfleteren JR, Gems D. | Genes Dev. 2008 Dec 1;22(23):3236-41. | DOI: 10.1101/gad.504808 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056880?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg

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8. No increase in lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans upon treatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic EUK-8 | Keaney M, Gems D. | Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Jan 15;34(2):277-82. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12521609?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg

9. Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans | Ristow M, Zarse K, Oberbach A, Kl?ting N, Birringer M, Kiehntopf M, Stumvoll M, Kahn CR, Bl眉her M. | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 May 26;106(21):8665-70. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903485106. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433800?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg

10. Antioxidant supplements to prevent mortality | Bjelakovic, Goran; Nikolova, Dimitrinka; Gluud, Christian | JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association (2013), 310(11), 1178-1179 CODEN: JAMAAP; ISSN: 0098-7484. | http://chemport.cas.org/cgi-bin/sdcgi?APP=ftslink&action=reflink&origin=npg&version=1.0&coi=1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsFyhtbjI&pissn=0028-0836&md5=ac16cf8c3472d0f5c7ea13fab26ea8c1

11. Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence | Pashler H, McDaniel M, Rohrer D, Bjork R. | Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2008 Dec;9(3):105-19. DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162104?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg

锛绉瀛瀹讹璇瀹/缂杈锛Charles Yu锛