浼锛涓轰浠甯╀浜猴

璁╁ぇ瀹剁棣浠ョ肩浼缁浜涓ラ灏浼翠滑界杩寮蹇涔涔涓ラ姒璁浜哄杩涓鸿у涔娌″版跺锛昏灏灏圭璧锋ヤ杩惧⑩

寮互ワ锛娈瀵规ā濂介鸿涓轰瀵规硅韬涔锛镐冲辨わ婚㈠姝ゅ板朵锛涓轰绉煎瓒充哄附瀛界舵病杩锛涓杩涔ラ杩浜骞寸归濂冲绘璁伴芥蛋杩涓濂璺

澶у寰涔浜╀汉缁缇痉锛涓轰璇垫浜筹杩蜂负浜浠浜哄扮簿绁ㄨ浼琚哄浣ㄥ瀛腑锛甯╂绉浜虹被绀句琛涓猴╂╁ㄦ涓轰缁缇痉灏卞凡缁荤诲ㄦ浠哄浜

1.甯╂哄

界跺府╁汉瀵逛釜浜烘ヨ涓涓瀹涓╃琛涓猴跺甯╁汉充瀵硅繁浼ゃ浣瀵逛涓汉绫荤兢浣ヨ锛甯╁汉堕╃缁锛瀵规翠浜虹被╃

浠╁繁瑙搴锛甯╁汉戒寰板汉甯╀负ャ浠╀瑙搴锛甯╁汉╀欢缁涓哄甯╀藉汉浜ㄨ绯荤涓涓瑕琛涓恒褰讹堕╄浜烘эㄩｄ釜杩ㄨ拷姹楗辩┛骞翠唬锛璋芥冲板府╁汉锛杩浼琚风遍╁

蹇瀛Harriet Over Malinda Carpenter 瀵6018涓瀹瀹浜充╀琛涓虹瀹楠瀹楠涓18涓瀹瀹浠琚涓缁锛颁浜濞濞剧缁剧袱涓苟濞濞锛涓や釜瀵硅濞濞锛涓涓濞濞锛涓浜绉ㄣㄥ楠涓瀹楠涪浜涓浜灏ㄥㄥ颁锛缁锛颁袱涓苟濞濞剧瀹瀹浼翠富ㄥ板府╁楠¤捣灏ㄥ锛瀹瀹甯╄涓烘朵剧瀹瀹甯╄涓虹涓瀹楠璁や负锛杩绉挎府╁汉澶╂у瑕绠绀哄氨藉版锛璇存府╁汉哄浠┐挎舵灏卞凡缁浠舰褰变绂讳

2.甯╂负浜辩

涓㈡浠颁锛甯╁汉瀵逛汉绫荤兢浣┿绌朵腑璇寸浜虹被缇や骞朵ㄤ汉绫伙涓稿浜虹被缇や锛姣濡锛绉绛绛涓轰璁╄繁缇や哄藉村ソ琚瀛涓ワ浠繁缇や浜猴繁绫讳技浜猴戒翠富ㄥ板府╀浠堕澶у蹇瀛John Dovidio猴ㄥ辨ョ跺伙濡瀹宠瓒繁缇や浜猴瑙灏辫瀹规甯╀锛ス

蹇瀛Robert Cialdiniㄧ绌朵腑瀵硅璇涓涓垫尝娴璇锛ㄦ璇璇琚锛浠垫尝涓琚甯哥镐技涓缁琚琚绀鸿瀵瑰规蹇缁锛琚ヨ垫尝镐技ｄ缁琚浼瀵瑰涓琚烘村甯╄涓恒

2004锛2005骞Van Baaren绛浜哄妯′豢琛涓哄甯╄涓哄浜绌躲缁涓璁烘妯′豢浜鸿ā浠垮汉浜猴芥存挎府╁汉绌朵腑甯╄涓哄甯楠′瑗匡娆俱绌惰琛ㄧず锛杩妯′豢琛涓猴浜轰滑浼瀵瑰规村蹇蹇锛涔磋藉瑙ｅ癸浠淇杩浜甯╃琛涓恒杩浜绌朵浠涓涓晶㈣锛浠存挎府╄繁绫诲涓繁稿浜恒

3.甯╂涓哄

充汉浠绾补╀涓讳锛Altruism锛锛甯╀浜烘ㄤ姹ュㄥ杩存浜璁

涓娲惧瀛锛Negative-state relief model锛璁や负锛浠府╁汉锛涓哄浠板汉╃跺锛娉蹇繁蹇甯╁汉甯╁汉负浜缂瑙ｈ繁涓娲惧瀛(Empathy-altruismhypothesis)璁や负锛浠府╁汉锛涓涓鸿锛涓烘浠瀵规圭锛涓轰璁╁汉村ソ涔灏辨翰绀句琛涓猴Prosocialbehavior锛

蹇瀛Robert Cialdini猴浠浠绌讹瑙涓锛界惰〃蹇戒杩甯╄涓恒浣浠璁や负杩骞朵函绮圭╀涓讳锛涓讳锛Egoism锛涓洪杩甯╁汉锛借繁寰板ソ澶蹇俱

蹇瀛Dan Batson浜轰滑绾补╀涓讳浠涓轰浠浜哄甯┿浠蹇瀛楠涓瑁缁瀹宠涓涓靛伙褰琚宠薄瀹宠扮讹浠浠涓诲ㄦ烘挎负瀹宠靛汇Batson猴ㄥ楠涓绌惰绀鸿璇浠ラ剁瀹楠锛浣浠浠富ㄦ烘挎负瀹宠靛荤杩涔ワ灏辩琚靛讳瑕甯╁汉锛浼间浠浠负浜璁╄繁濂藉涓浜

涓轰娈借遍╋瑁娈寮寮杩藉电娉涓绠″ス蹇娣卞辩璁╁哄戒瀛涓虫锛芥函绮圭╀涓讳锛

锛锛附瀛锛