榛绮瑙ｅ锛娌荤借叉薄缁姝

杩ワ璁稿濯浣芥ラ浜杩蜂椤圭杩灞锛ヨ腑缇袱界绌朵汉锛榛绮绉骞艰充绉扮㈠藉椋瑙ｅ娑哄涓灏璇昏藉娆ｆ帮璁や负挎版颁汉绫荤ぞ浼借叉薄缁浜浜瑙ｅ充浣涔涓浜璇昏琛ㄧず涓瑙ｏ璁や负榛绮戒互濉涓洪╁氨涓涔澶╃绉瀵虫浜哄ㄦ绱锛╁ㄥ浣骞村灏辨藉涓榛绮浠ュ濉锛姝ゆラ绌朵浠姣版虫界浠浜烘涔瀚

ｄ杩绌剁风涓椤圭绌讹瀵逛不褰涓濉姹℃浠涔风

姝ゆ充绮瑙ｅ绌讹瀹涓浠ョ浣杩骞存ユ瑰存剧╁瑙ｅ杩涓绌堕涓涓ㄥ姝よ冲纭瑙ｈ椤圭绌讹浠蹇瑕浜瑙ｄ涓浠涔╁瑙ｅ

浠ラ锛浜虹被寰╁氨寮濮╃ㄥぉ跺ㄧ楂瀛锛便绾稿涓芥濂界渚瀛惰浠19涓绾20涓绾寮濮锛绉杩姝ワ杩浜澶╃堕瀛娓琚姗¤躲绾ょ淮绛浜哄伐楂瀛浠ｃ绌跺跺锛涓楂瀛浠ヤ互ゅ虫补绛崇涓哄锛变瀵瑰璐电拌婧渚璧锛浜楂瀛ц藉寰澶уぇ浼浜浠ㄨ剁绫汇浜瀹涓锛杩浜涓浠浠ｆ夸澶╃堕瀛锛涓涓灏㈤姘存偿绛浼缁烘灞楗

惰楂瀛涔瀛ㄤ涓弗寮绔涓ぉ跺ㄧ楂瀛浠ヨ澧涓寰╅瑙ｏ楂瀛涓ц川甯哥ǔ瀹锛ㄧ澧涓浠ラ挎堕村ㄣ姝ゅ寮楂瀛锛灏ゅ舵锛浜涓ラ澧锛涔灏辨甯告璇寸借叉薄

涓轰瑙ｅ冲楂瀛澧锛杩骞存ョ绌朵汉轰╁瑙ｅ (biodegradable plastics) 杩涓版蹇碉甯楂瀛涔浠ュぉ堕瀛ｆ峰ㄧ澧涓瑙ｃｄ绌剁浠涔风浠ヨ绉颁负╁瑙ｅ锛涓涓猴杩风蹇椤绘弧瓒充互涓涓ゆ℃[2, 3]锛

棣锛杩绉蹇椤昏藉ㄥ堕村琚澧涓寰╅瑙ｃ褰讹绌剁浠涔堕粹寰炬缁涓锛浣涓涓轰骞存骞存浠ユ锛璇撮瑙ｉ搴涓ぉ剁楂瀛稿濡涓绉濉瑕缁骞存涓惧勾介瑙ｅ绉颁涓虹╁瑙ｅ

舵锛瑙ｇ浜х╁椤绘按浜姘у纰筹姘ф′欢涓涔璁稿茬凤虹┿╄川浠ュ朵浠ヨ杞涓轰互涓绉╄川姣瑙ｄ骇┿涔灏辨锛瑙ｇ浜х╁椤绘姣瀹筹骞朵杩ョ澧藉琚╀╃ㄣ杩涓℃峰瑕锛濡绉濉琚井╅瑙ｆ瀵圭澧瀹崇╄川锛ｈ涓濡涓瑙ｄ负濂姐

瀹涓杩骞存ワ璁稿绌朵汉绠℃烘璁や负锛ュ(compostable plastics) 杩涓绉拌姣╁瑙ｅ翠负纭涓衡╁瑙ｂ浠浠瑕姹楂瀛瀛琚村モ杩涓姝ヨ姹瑙ｇ浜х╄藉涓鸿╀╃ㄧ绘锛涓涓浜т腑灏鸿川杩靛浣╁浠ュ告剁绘琛涓猴涔灏辨甯告璇寸ョ被浼笺モ姝ｅ颁璇浜楂瀛藉浠ュㄧ豢茬瑰褰躲

ㄤ袱℃琛￠甯楂瀛涓浠ョО寰涓ュ涔抽哥灞扮绉界惰浜姝ｅㄨ寰翠负骞挎搴浣变ц界归㈢讹瀹浠寰惧浠ｅ朵句互瑙ｇ濉涓瀹浠界跺浠ヨ寰╁ㄩ瑙ｏ瑙ｇ′欢浠舵寰澶躲渚濡涔抽哥瑙ｉ瑕姘寸涓濡婀垮害澶瑙ｈ绋灏寰涓虹濡ㄤ瑙ｇ涔抽哥瀛藉お澶э寰╁锯涓粹[4]姝わ涔抽歌风界剁ュ锛璁╁浠交搴褰朵涓浠浠ㄨ㈤ｄ绠

瀵逛ㄦ翠负骞挎涔濉锛变父瑙′欢涓瀹浠ц川甯哥ǔ瀹锛绌朵汉冲轰涓浜娉ュ瀹浠╅瑙ｃ渚濡ㄥ浠瀛涓ヤ浜村琚井╂诲荤缁ョ规娣诲涓ぉ跺ㄧ楂瀛娣峰绛杩杩风规锛璁稿借叉薄缃绁搁韬锛浜瀵圭澧濂界

惰杩骞存ユ绌朵汉璀锛璁稿ㄨ绉规浜ф璋╁瑙ｆ藉姝ｉ瑙ｄ舵釜ユ般渚濡浜瀹ｄ╁瑙ｇ涔锛ㄧ澧涓剧疆涓娈垫堕村‘瀹浼娑澶变瑙锛浣寰藉ぇ浜奸句互瀵瑙灏锛杩浜灏浠跺浠ラ挎ㄧ澧涓虫藉搁姣╄川 [5]杩绉娆轰汉琛涓哄界澧村ぇ卞

浠骞存╀跺锛绌朵汉娴璇浜绉瀹ｇО藉濉╅瑙ｈ绋娣诲锛娴璇缁ㄥ涓娴琛缃缁璇姹荤灏辨涓锛跺苟点渚濡娣锋杩浜娣诲涔ㄥ澹や腑涓骞村浠跺濂芥锛烘娌℃琚井╅瑙[3]褰讹浠娆℃璇灏卞甯轰╁瑙ｅ涓妫瀛姝绘璁告澶卞锛浣杩澶灏洪杩╅瑙ｇ娉ユ不借叉薄骞舵病宠薄ｄ瀹规锛寰澶瀹ｇО╁瑙ｅ寰藉涓

涓ヨ浠伴绮瑙ｅ杩椤瑰涓㈡扮绌朵锛杩椤圭绌朵杩瑰瀛绛规蹇╅瑙ｏ杩ュ捐藉村ソ伴瑙ｅ╋涓杩浠川涓ヨ锛澶у芥鹃杩╅瑙ｇ娈垫ゅ澧

杩妫绱㈡浠惧锛纭╁氨浜鸿瀵伴绮藉浠ュ涓洪[6,7]惰杩浜绌剁灞ㄤ瀹楠浠浠瑙瀵伴绮浠ュ椋濉锛浣娉璇榛绮涓濉绌剁琚浆浜浣绉╄川锛姝ゅ句护浜轰俊拌〃绮浠ラ瑙ｅ鸿浜涓昏浣绉瀛卞ソ锛绯荤妫娴濉ㄩ绮浠ｈ阿杩绋宸茬杩瓒杩浜浠浠藉淬

稿锛姝ゆヨ腑缇袱界绌朵汉╃ㄥ杩妫娴娈碉璇琚绮椋‘瀹涓ㄥ浜浜姘у纰冲榛绮韩╄川锛杩灏辨杈╅┏拌瀹榛绮‘瀹藉瑙ｅ[1]涓浠濡姝わ绌朵汉杩杩涓姝ヨ瀹锛榛绮浠ヨ藉娑濉锛变舵涓缁ㄥ府蹇锛骞朵绂婚村鸿绉缁锛涓鸿涓姝ョ绌跺瀹浜虹[8]瑕璇存ぇ瀛规伴诲ㄥ璁稿濯浣ㄦラ堕藉绉拌椤圭绌舵绌朵汉虹锛瀹涓杩甯镐濡ョ锛涓鸿绌剁涓や璐璐ｄ汉芥ヨ浜┖ぉ澶у

ｄ杩椤规扮藉甯╂浠ゅ姹℃绛妗杩绌朵汉缁虹版浠惧锛琚绮涓涓宸浜姘у纰虫轰澶锛寰灏涓ㄥㄩ绮锛╀涓介杩绮究琚娉浣跺锛 ㄧ勃渚夸腑浠跺浠ユ娴板钩瀛稿浜80%涔灏辨苟娌℃瀹ㄦ澶便

规浜版涓涓榛绮界朵涓诲锛浣娉ф浠㈡扮绗℃灏跺交搴瑙ｃ娈瀛ㄩ绮勃渚夸腑互跺界瑙ｄ骇╁澧浼浜х浠涔风褰卞锛浠舵釜ユ般浜瀹涓锛界跺ぇ澶板浣瀵逛椤圭绌舵涓璧缇杈锛瀛涓涓濯浣瀛宸ユ伴汇(C&EN) 琛ㄧ寰磋涓哄烽璋ㄦ浠浠寮涓浣涓浜哄＋涔鸿苟娌℃琚ㄩ瑙ｏ瀵圭澧浠跺戒骇璐㈠奖[9]褰讹姝ゆ浠朵负杩涓姝ョ绌舵渚浜瑕虹渚濡浠浠ヨ涓姝ュ绌剁跺涓唬璋㈣杩浜跺卞哄璋

缁间杩帮榛绮藉瑙ｅ椤瑰宸ヤ锛浣璺绂荤姝ｆュㄦ杩涓灏璺绂汇瑕冲交搴瑙ｅ冲楂瀛甯ョ澧锛浠舵寰跨璺璧般

:

[1] Yu Yang, Jun Yang, Wei-Min Wu, Jiao Zhao, Yiling Song, Longcheng Gao, Ruifu Yang, and Lei Jiang, Biodegradation and Mineralization of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Mealworms: Part 1. Chemical and Physical Characterization and Isotopic Tests, Environmental Science & Technology, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02661

[2] US Composting Council, Compostable Plastics 101, http://compostingcouncil.org/compostable-plastics-task-force/

[3] Susan Selke, Rafael Auras, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Edgar Castro Aguirre, Rijosh Cheruvathur, and Yan Liu, Evaluation of Biodegradation-Promoting Additives for Plastics, Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49, 3769

[4] Gaurav Kale, Thitisilp Kijchavengkul, Rafael Auras, Maria Rubino, Susan E. Selke and Sher Paul Singh, Compostability of Bioplastic Packaging Materials: An Overview, Macromolecular Bioscience, 2007, 7, 255

[5] Prasun K. Roy, Minna Hakkarainen, Indra K. Varma, and Ann-Christine Albertsson, Degradable Polyethylene: Fantasy or Reality, Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45, 4217

[6] http://tech.sina.com.cn/other/2003-12-30/0922275146.shtml

[7] http://www.tiaozhanbei.net/project/11317/

[8] Yu Yang, Jun Yang, Wei-Min Wu, Jiao Zhao, Yiling Song, Longcheng Gao, Ruifu Yang, and Lei Jiang, Biodegradation and Mineralization of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Mealworms: Part 2. Role of Gut Microorganisms, Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02663

[9] http://cen.acs.org/articles/93/web/2015/09/Mealworms-Munch-Polystyrene-Foam.html

锛浣锛宓娈靛辫╋