缇藉ぇ瀛绗锛跺锛

锛绾界害舵ワ浣锛KEVIN CAREY锛

缇戒汉甯歌涓轰浠K-12舵茶藉朵藉锛浣澶у叉ㄧ椤跺浣绌跺锛缇戒汉涓浠ㄥ涓查舵涓濡浜猴澶у姣涓璇诲绠藉涔

缇戒汉瀵硅涓藉蹭绯诲寰涓绉瑁璁よ浼缁瑙逛磋涓猴浠K-12锛浠辜垮12骞寸骇锛茬稿骞冲焊锛寸锛浣浠瀛㈠澶у芥绾х跨涓瀹朵滑姝ｅㄥ氨ュ稿卞稿(Common Core)宸绔绛K-12瀛℃归╂璺寮婵杈╋浣浠浠楂绛插烘浜句换搴璁稿瀹跺涵蹇瀛濂冲借涓涓澶у锛ョ璐电澶у瀛垂涓杩锛浠浠归戒缇藉ぇ瀛瓒璐ㄣ

惰锛杩涓椤归瀵规浜鸿藉绠界璺ㄥ界绌惰〃杩绉瑙规缇界涓插澶у跺姣浜轰滑璁や负瑕寸歌锛涓涓ㄥソ归㈢歌版剧ず锛缇芥茬娣卞锛骞舵病ㄥ杩ュ父ヨよ村ｄ伙濂杩硅版澶便

涓浜哄缇K-12璐㈣浠蜂存繁介姣杈褰卞姣濡锛缁浣涓灞缁缁(OECD)瀹缁缁寮灞涓椤瑰涓哄介瀛璇浼伴」(PISA)璇锛璇浼板璞℃69涓藉15宀瀛界惰浼扮娴璇瀛骞寸骇姘村钩宸ユ涓锛浣缇藉浠氦轰浠界涓甯镐缁╁跺介娴璇缁浜姝ゃPISA板璇涓涓间ワ缇藉寰ㄥ杈惧藉涓腑锛ㄦ杩╁绔跺瀛

告涔涓锛浜轰滑璁や负缇界楂绛插ㄥㄤ富瀵煎颁锛杩绉颁ㄥ澶х搴渚浜《灏澶уㄧ浼娉版ゅ＋楂绛层(Times Higher Education)板甯姒剧ず锛ㄥㄧ25浣澶у涓18藉ぇ瀛凤规娴蜂氦澶у(Shanghai Jiao Tong University)甯骞村害涓澶у瀛(Academic Ranking of World Universities)锛ㄥㄧ25浣澶у涓19藉ぇ瀛

浣杩绉瑰濂ュ反椹荤剧０绉帮浠ユ濂界澶у杩璇骞朵灏卞钩瑷锛浠澶у濂界灏界璁稿浜鸿风瑙ｃ浠锛濂界澶у烘藉ㄧ姐杩哄冲抽瑕

PISA璇浼伴」芥疯存ㄤ瀛褰濂ュ反椹锛ㄥ勾绾ф板璇涓浠凡缁崇涔浣锛浠勾绾у骞冲般浠骞舵病璇村ㄤ13宀板澶╂涓澶灏藉

姝ゅ锛介澶у叉按骞冲涔病浠讳崇郴稿锛杩绫绘涓昏ㄤ浼扮绌跺澶у锛ㄧ寰璇鸿灏濂甯浜烘般甯璁烘伴绛充娇涓澶у姝㈡舵锛ｄ涓浼瀵瑰璇浠讳褰卞

浠K-12瀛″澶у涓娉锛涓烘浠村ㄨ瀵涓や釜涓琛￠锛ㄤ瀛瀛缁╋伴㈡＄绌舵

璁烘杩涓ゅ绯荤镐姣杈锛杩瀹浠朵藉蹭绯昏琛姣杈锛涓涓瑰楂绛插戒绉绫讳技浜PISA璇浼伴」村2013骞村锛OECD姝ｅ轰涓椤硅风绌躲

杩椤圭绌惰绉颁负介浜鸿藉璇浼伴」锛Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies锛绠绉Piaac锛2011骞村2012骞达OECD斤ぇ澶版娲插藉锛浠ュ缇姐垮ぇ婢冲ぇ╀ユ╁斤濉娴矾淇缃16.6涓16宀65宀骞翠汉浜杩椤规璇

濡PISA涓凤Piaac娴璇浜轰滑璇诲板姐变骞翠汉锛浠浠瑕姹ㄧ瀹涓浣跨ㄨ浜姐姣濡锛浠浠璁歌瑕姹璇讳绡伴绘ラ涓灏靛欢锛堪浜涓绉瑰娲查ギㄦ按璐ㄩ版规锛锛骞剁‘璁ゆ釜妗ｄ腑瀵逛袱椤瑰稿瀛杩椤规璇涓琛￠ㄦ赴瀵澧涓瑙ｅ抽藉锛杩浜浠ｅ伐浣ц川

涓濡K-12茬缁╁锛缇藉Piaac璇浼颁腑琛ㄧ涔锛杩娆″浠负浼ぇ╁瑗跨PISA娴璇缁╀缁涓瀹缇15宀瀛藉锛姣濡ユ帮涔灞轰杩楂浜芥骞翠汉姘村钩姐

褰讹15宀瀛╁藉椤讳瀛涓澶у跨浣灏界Piaac版т茬搴浜虹兢哥锛缇戒渚惰藉朵澶у板藉

ㄦ瀛＋瀛缇芥骞翠汉涓绠缁╁浜楂涓ょ骇浜哄18%锛杩涓姣渚介骞冲姘村钩24%瓒杩涓涔涓缇藉澹浣借揪颁绾ф按骞筹Piaac璇浼伴」辨浜涓骇锛杩崇浠浠戒涓板筹瑕涓楠わ介瑕╄В抽绛モ浠诲°ユ澹绌剁瀛缇戒汉锛涔藉朵藉绛瀛

缇戒汉璇诲璇缁╃ュソ涓浜锛涓杩涔界О寰涓骞冲焊姣濡锛缇芥骞翠汉璇诲缁╁浜扮姣涓澶у涓姣寰灞姣涓濂戒板16宀29宀锛ユ瀛＋撮瀛浜虹兢涓缇界绠缁╀灞24涓藉绗16浣浠病辩镐俊锛灏卞钩瑷锛缇界澶у涓濂界

稿锛Piaac璇浼扮琛ㄦ缇藉涓朵藉瀛ㄧヨ芥归㈢宸ㄥぇ宸锛骞舵病涓烘楂绛茶瑰瑕璇存浠涔涓璇锛ｅ氨绉宸琚惧ぇ浜2000骞达缇15宀瀛寰ラ浜介骞冲姘村钩12骞村杩浜缇藉寰浣介骞冲姘村钩锛夸12宀灏界缇藉ぇ瀛涓瀛杩楂浜姣涓锛澶у浜虹辨浜宸ヨ婧环锛浣歌朵藉杩澶у茬榫浜猴浠浠涓甯稿钩搴革寸

澶缁瀹朵凤涓灏璇涔澹涓虹界挎绻ｅㄥ澶х搴充汉璧ㄩ杩涓瀹搴璇ヤ璁╀浠咖蹇涓宸层瓒ヨ澶灏变轰撮插ㄥㄧ冲ㄥ甯虹涓ラ风浜涔涓锛缇藉伐浜虹稿杈楂宸ヨ灏涓逛圭缉姘淬ｇ璁や负K-12瀛″ㄤ弗瑙癸浼寰瓒ヨ遍┿