娉ㄥ姝诲锛浜洪锛

姝诲绉涔缃锛杩ュず界瑰ユ╂ｄ涓ラ缃浜恒杩姝ワ浠朵姝诲藉藉ㄩ姝ラㄦ翠负浜洪琛瑰互灏介交汉朵腑娉ㄥ姝诲甯歌璁や负涓轰汉惰锛杩ㄧ藉涓绯诲椋尝琛ㄦ娉ㄥ姝诲姣浠宠薄瑕涓ラ澶寰澶

浠骞429ワ缇戒烽┈宸涓搴х辩宸ヤ浜哄姝ｅ澶瀵逛浣Clayton D. Lockett汉ц娉ㄥ姝诲骞38宀Lockett锛1999骞村瀹充浣19宀灏濂宠ゆ涓630锛宸ヤ浜哄灏楹婚娉ㄥLockett锛甯浠宸茬ユ糠舵ц绋搴宸ヤ浜哄灏缁х画缁浠娉ㄥ澶涓ょ╋姝煎稿蹇烦浠缁浠姐惰6涔浜锛Lockett甯琛ㄦㄨ韩浣锛骞舵捣澶村╄璇炬ｈ辨缁浠韬缁崇储650锛卞伐浣浜哄涓寰涓姝㈡ц姝诲锛涓涔锛Lockett蹇姝讳骸

ㄤ烽┈杩璧蜂骞堕涓杩浜骞存ワ缇芥ц娉ㄥ姝诲杩绋涓虹寮甯哥跺电浜渚灞¤ョ杩浜寮甯哥跺靛ぇ澶版变锛瀵艰磋堕村ぇ澶у欢匡Lockett杩峰ㄦц杩绋涓涔骞堕涓瀛缁璁′缇1900-2010骞存姝诲ц涓虹寮甯哥跺电姣渚锛缁楂敞灏姝诲锛杈惧7.1锛锛杩杩楂浜姝诲娈靛钩3.1锛浜棰疯烘崇ㄦ虫ц姝诲瑰浜绔舵0锛涓解界跺娈蹇锛涔璁╀汉姝诲骞茶╄姐浜轰滑涓绂瑕涓轰涔浜洪娉ㄥ姝诲锛寰澶跺磋姝诲浜村ぇ

缇界娉ㄥ姝诲濮浜1977骞达变烽┈宸猴朵璁稿宸绾风悍浠裤淇姝诲涓澶涓灏娉ㄥ姝诲浣涓洪琛瑰娉ㄥ姝诲规杩杩缁敞灏涓绉╂ュ琛锛姝诲琚敞灏纭峰Ε锛杩绉楂楹婚锛汉娉ㄥ氨澶卞ヨ锛涓ョ汉琚敞灏惧婧村(宸村か榫)锛杩绉╅杩惰剁缉ュ寸汉煎哥姝姘捐娉ㄥ杩姝诲浣锛瀵艰寸汉蹇璺冲姝㈠苟缁姝讳骸

璁轰锛杩涓绉╃缁藉ㄥ浣垮姝诲扮斤惰瀹浣涓寰骞堕濡姝ゃ娉ㄥ姝诲绗姝ユ涓哄抽濡汉娌℃琚ㄩ夯锛ㄦ涓ユ敞灏婧村姘剧杩绋涓浼澶хㄥ荤杩绋涓涓轰淇璇ソ楹婚锛绘や汉甯镐规浜虹骞撮浣浠ュュ悍跺电绱ュ冲楹婚蜂ㄩ涓褰㈡椴х缇藉ぇㄥ淇姝诲宸瀵规敞灏姝诲杩绋涓夯ㄩ瑙瀹存稿绠绮绯锛寰寰缁轰涓涓ㄩ渚濡椤垮哄姹浣跨23纭峰Ε界剁璁轰杩涓ㄩ藉淇璇琚敞灏杩ユ繁搴夯锛浣浜绌惰〃稿涓ㄥ姝诲ㄦ杩涓纭峰Ε娉ㄥ苟杩ラ夯舵

缇藉宸涔浠ョ己涔楹婚ㄩ蜂瀵硷涓涓瑕己涔涓绘や汉涓缇藉诲浼缇介夯瀛浼缇芥ゅ＋绛缁缁琛ㄧず锛绘や汉涓ц锛充浠ㄨ杩绋涓涓洪【芥诲浼琛涓恒缇介夯瀛浼冲鸿瀹锛浠讳涓敞灏姝诲ц浼灏琚楹婚甯璧笺[1]姝わц娉ㄥ姝诲浜哄寰寰缂轰瑕诲璁锛娉ㄥ姝诲杩绋涓虹涔灏卞ㄦ惧惰锛充究璁稿宸瑙瀹姝诲ц浜哄蹇椤诲锋涓瀹诲斤虫荤杩诲浼椋╁涓敞灏姝诲ц锛典骞朵涔瑙渚濡2009骞9锛淇浜ヤ宸ㄥRomell Broomц姝诲讹宸ヤ浜哄变涓や釜灏剁跺Broom韬句颁″ㄧ锛姝诲ц缁涓寰涓涓[2]㈡淇烽┈宸姝诲Lockett娉ㄥ杩绋涓浜句伴锛ラ锛褰跺荤界跺ㄥ猴浠惰变灏杩涓涓舵Lockett韬惧板ㄧ

缂轰涓绘や汉浠浠版扮芥敞灏姝诲涓涓归涓涓村浠や汉澶寸肩ㄤ敞灏姝诲╃涓ラ己纭峰Ε鹃挎ㄤ娉ㄥ姝诲涓楹婚锛惰浠2011骞磋捣锛纭峰Εㄧ界涓昏渚搴Hospira瀹ㄥ姝杩绉╃浜с涓轰纭娉ㄥ姝诲ц涓褰卞锛涓浜宸灏璇浠藉杩纭峰Ε惰ㄥ骞达规借璇娉㈢瑁瀹锛缇借绠＄灞ㄥ‘璁ゅ界浜х纭峰Ε瀹ㄦух典灏卞璁歌锛杩浜寰锛姝よ姹宸茬浜纭峰Ε涓灏╅杩绠＄灞[3]杩蜂ワ纭峰Εユ褰诲

ㄨ绉典锛宸垮寮濮瀵绘惧朵瑙ｅ虫规璁稿宸宸茬璁″浣跨ㄥ朵楹婚绫昏╂ユ夸唬纭峰Ε锛渚濡宸存濡ャ揪浠涓娉变ぇ楹婚浠ョ存翠汉姝讳骸锛璁稿宸骞茶娑浜涔涓绉╄缁敞灏规锛逛负缁汉娉ㄥ涓楹婚绫昏┿淇浜ヤ宸灏涓娉ㄥ逛负涓ら锛娉ㄥ揪浠杩琛楹婚锛涔敞灏浜姘㈠￠涓浜宸杩浣跨ㄧ淮搴婧撮典唬挎捍涓鸿惧

浣夸唬╄ユ绯诲扮棣锛杩浜扮╂藉璧峰拌ソ楹婚浠舵釜ユ帮瑰澶浜鸿涓哄揪浠骞朵绉濂界楹婚涓浜娉ㄥ姝诲ц虹锛寰芥浜扮楹婚╅渚濡ㄤ骞寸1锛淇浜ヤ宸棣娆′娇ㄥ揪浠浜姘㈠￠涓浣Dennis McGuire汉ц娉ㄥ姝诲讹璇ョ汉琛ㄧ寰剧堕骞舵病寰濂藉板ヤㄣ浜淇浜ヤ宸涓寰涓浜ㄥ姝诲ц锛浠ヨヨ╃瑕璋淬[2]淇烽┈宸瀵Lockettц姝诲朵娇ㄧ涔揪浠

涓涓村ぇㄤ杩浜楹婚绫昏╀ㄤ敞灏姝诲ц锛寰戒濞板浠ㄦ甯哥荤娲诲ㄤ腑浣跨浠濞版ｈュ悍崇藉ㄣ缇藉轰稿涓ㄥ楹婚绫昏╄涔辩芥惰璁惧ㄦ藉宸ュ浜э瑕涔存杩藉惰娆х稿虫寰瀵逛哄ㄤ敞灏姝诲╂稿涓ユ肩讹姝わ涓绉╀ㄧ借ㄤ敞灏姝诲锛寰藉氨崇骞垮ぇｈ寰惧浣跨ㄨ绉┿浜瀹涓锛涔琚箍娉ㄤ敞灏姝诲楹婚～峰Ε锛涔浠ュㄧ藉姝搴锛姝ｆ涓鸿╂辩藉Hospira璁惧ㄦぇ╃宸ュ浜э变ぇ╃绠￠ㄩㄨ姹纭峰Ε涓寰ㄤ敞灏姝诲锛Hospira濂涔涓缁姝璇ヨ╃浜с纭峰Ε渚搴涓缇借澶宸杞浣跨ㄦ宸存濡ヤ涓洪夯浣ソ匡2011骞达宸存濡ョ涓昏渚璐у锛涓归害惰Lundbeck规涓归害界娉寰姝㈠缇藉哄杩绉╋杩娇璁稿宸杞浣跨ㄥ揪浠[4]

纭峰Ε宸存濡ュ揪浠ㄤ敞灏姝诲锛瀵圭藉荤琛涓褰卞涓绠澶弗纭峰Ε宸存濡ョ渚搴界跺伴讹浣浠ョㄥ朵楹婚浠ｆ匡ュ氨寰灏ㄤ夯揪浠缇芥渚搴Hospira浜э渚搴涓Hospira界舵病插蜂浜у扮癸浣〃绀轰澶у藉版褰卞惰锛2013骞寸锛瀵宸垮澶浣跨ㄤ娉浣涓烘敞灏姝诲涓楹婚讹绔婚版ヨ诲涓ラ璁涓娉ㄧ借骞挎ㄤ腑楹婚锛姣勾浣跨ㄨ杩5000涓娆★缇藉轰90锛涓娉芥辨ヨ痉界涓瀹跺渚荤浠蹇锛涓娉琚ㄤ敞灏姝诲锛澶ф圭荤ｈ灏复ㄧ遍┿ㄨ绉典锛瀵宸涓寰涓杩浜瀹ュ共姝诲ц[4]

杩涓浜宸灏璋硅杩绉涓甯轰涔版ュ规规瑕瀵瑰堕硅琛瑰ㄣ渚濡锛涓浜浜哄藉浜涓浜缁杩璇ヨ浜у涓介瀵硅峰扮浜轰ㄧ浜э浜硅浠ュ╀拱ワよ藉瀵艰磋缁ｈ杩杩绉锛宸垮界杩浠や汉澶寸肩绠℃瑙锛寰扮ㄤ敞灏姝诲┿惰璁稿硅璁や负锛硅变苟涓瑕绠＄灞杩琛娉ㄥ锛浠浠卞宸稿抽ㄩㄨ琛绠★浜у璐ㄩ句互淇璇渚濡2012骞达浣浜┈ㄨ濉宸涓瀹堕硅跨浜х娉ㄥ锛灏辩变姹℃锛瀵艰寸藉涓锛翠娇板浜烘浜°

缇芥敞灏姝诲ц杩绋涓虹绉绉锛轰颁鸡涔虫挎不规归㈤㈠绱澶褰卞ㄤ娈垫堕村锛杩浜浠や汉澶寸肩浠灏缁х画瀛ㄣ锛缂璇浣锛宓娈靛辫╋

涓昏规昏浇浜2014骞526ュ虹瀛宸ユ伴汇涓Lethal Injections Under New Scrutiny涓缂璇锛朵璧ユ濡涓

[1] http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/01/AR2010050103190.html

[2] http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/some-examples-post-furman-botched-executions

[3] http://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/2E33B7631B436F6385257BB1005178CC/$file/12-5176-1448004.pdf

[4] http://www.nature.com/news/death-row-incurs-drug-penalty-1.13996