楂娴锋濡浣褰卞浠蹇斤

1953骞529ワ拌タ颁汉惧痉路甯锛Edmund Hillary锛灏兼灏澶宸翠汉涓瑰路璇虹锛Tenzing Norgay锛绔ㄧ宄颁宸锛浜虹被绗娆¤浜扮楂宄般

1978骞58ワぇ╃诲北瀹惰灏寰仿锋撼灏锛Reinhold Messner锛褰煎路浼锛Peter Habeler锛ㄤ灞绀猴充娇瀹ㄤ渚璧棰澶渚姘э浜虹被涔浠ョ婚《宄般浠锛姘ф绘涓轰楂姘村钩荤璞″

浣楂浣哀澧浠舵娴锋荤涓昏伴撅姣浣璁″瀹繁北姊浜猴ㄥ哄涔藉椤诲涔楂搴稿崇ヨ杩浜ヨ涓昏虫敞ｄ存褰卞诲ㄧ搴锛渚濡楂灞卞ご姘磋垮烘按跨

楂灞卞ご涔╁虹楂搴锛涓轰汉颁缂烘哀褰卞诲北ㄨ璁哄浣搴楂灞卞ご跺锛寰寰蹇界ヤ浜涓鹃甯搁瑕锛楂娴锋浣哀澧锛瀵瑰ぇ浼ゅ锛杩绉浼ゅ浼涓浼案涔х锛

ㄨタ瑰藉锛涓浜瀵圭诲北磋叮绌惰瀵圭绌舵磋叮诲北剧虫敞杩楂娴锋瀵规昏蹇归㈢褰卞锛骞朵琛ㄤ涓浜甯告褰卞瀛绔ユ璁ㄨ浜朵腑姣杈瑕绌跺1981骞达缇界宄版╁诲绌跺锛The American Medical Research Everest Expedition, AMREE-1981锛杩琛涓绯诲绌躲姣杈缁虫敞杩涓诲北堡濮路╁锛Tom Hornbein锛杩蜂绉昏瀛锛浠炬椤垮ぇ瀛夯绯荤涓讳换锛2009骞存剁航绾舵ユ剧涓ㄦラ杩浠锛姝ｆ扮绌惰灏绌讹浣垮浠藉璁よ伴娴锋濡浣褰卞浠蹇

1.楂娴锋诲杩ㄦ剁褰卞

浣跨ㄦ㈤杩ㄤ互搴楂搴锛釜寰楂娴锋板虹浜哄朵扮寤鸿涔涓瀹涓锛楂娴锋韩灏变璁╂浠ㄨ涓纭跺甫ョ褰卞充缁版荤涓娈垫堕淬

1981骞达缇界宄版╁诲绌跺16宄版昏颁捣涔冲浠浠绁缁郴缁蹇借琛涓绯诲娴璇朵腑甯搁瑕涓椤规簿缁杩ㄧ藉--杩ㄩ锛棰锛娴璇锛杩涓璇涓昏灏辨瀵垫椿藉杩ㄥ澶蹇ㄨ椤瑰琛ㄤ绉瀛锛Science锛蹇绌朵腑锛癸John B.  West锛1984骞存ュ锛15昏棰涓[1]撮瑕涓骞村浠浠椋棰杩琛娴璇锛朵腑13昏琛ㄧ骞舵㈠[1]杩椤圭绌朵技涔楂娴锋诲浜ㄥ芥浼ゅ芥案涔х浣杩椤圭绌跺苟涓ゆ娴璇涔寸涓骞翠腑锛杩浜诲北昏朵楂娴锋灞卞嘲锛姝ゅㄧ涓浜娣锋

朵绌惰涔ュ浜楂娴锋讳杩ㄨ藉涓璞★浣姣渚瑕灏寰澶渚濡锛澹澶у绌惰灏锛M. Regard锛瀵8浣涓绾х诲北瀹惰琛浜杩琛棰娴璇缁5000绫充互涓娴锋诲7涓锛8诲北瀹朵腑2浜轰跺ㄨㄤ琛ㄧ浜句[2]

や绾版杩ㄥ澶锛杩琛╁搴搴涓2008骞达卞界变″ぇ瀛绌惰村灏癸Dominika Dykiert锛瀵10浜变￠娴锋绌舵╂椿ㄧ瀛杩琛浜╁搴娴璇锛璁╀浠涓椤逛腑╀涓苟涓绔昏琛搴ㄩ浜4000绫虫讹╁搴搴惧存锛搴搴浠ㄩ搴〃锛Lake Louise scale锛涓寰璐稿[3]

2.楂娴锋诲瀛璁板瀹

濡璇村ぇ汉浣涓瀹规颁缂烘哀褰卞ㄥ锛ｄ娴烽┈缁汉扮己姘у奖缁涔涓娴烽┈缁ㄤ汉绫荤璁板戒腑璧风抽宸叉涓灏绌跺锛ㄩ缂烘哀典涓锛浜虹瀛璁板藉浼涓

ㄥ楠瀹や腑浣跨ㄤ姘т绌惰〃澶чㄧ己姘ф典璁板浼版瀹炽浣椤垮ぇ瀛灏煎妫Thomas O. Nelson锛1982骞村婚害╁嘲锛Mackinley, 缇楂宄帮6193绫筹20浣昏杩琛浜绯诲娴璇锛3800绫虫讹绌洪磋蹇娌′涔锛浣5000绫虫讹璁板藉灏辨句

1990骞达灏煎妫12宄版昏杩琛浜娴璇[4]锛ㄦ捣6000绫筹蹇涓浜宸茬浣涓瑗垮ㄦ病锛浣撮句互瀛扮淇℃90骞翠唬朵绌惰〃瀛藉ㄩ娴锋缂烘哀典锛纭浼瀹炽

浣绉璁板瀛藉涓案涔х锛╁浜 1989骞存ュ杩涓渚杩借釜绌躲浠浠璇浜诲北浣姘т涓琛妯℃灏锛涓ょ浜哄ㄨ瑙璁板归㈠浼ゃ浣骞翠杩浜浼ゅ涓虹浠ョ绌剁杩杈涔瑙锛楂娴锋瀵瑰涔涓蹇藉姘镐х浼ゅ

3.璁ょョ垫椿у璇芥瀹

璁ょョ垫椿ф浠藉甯稿揩浠涓换¤浆㈠板澶涓涓换★杩绉藉浣瀵硅繁缁翠敞琛剁藉渚濡锛ㄥ楠瀹や腑锛蹇瀛ㄧ孩茬绗轰涓缁库瀛锛跺浣蹇拌鸿涓瀛浣棰诧崇孩诧ㄨ绉典锛浠瑕惰繁瀵瑰涔瑙ｏ虫敞棰层

杩宸磋タ绌惰[5]ㄤ姘т妯℃澧锛浜ㄤ缂烘哀典涓锛浠璁ょョ垫椿т涓ㄥ灏[2]瀵8涓绾ф昏绌朵腑锛涔浠浠涓敞藉ㄤ换￠磋琛垫椿杞㈢藉版剧浼ゃ瑕娉ㄦㄥ灏杩琛娴璇讹8诲北瀹跺凡缁颁捣7涓浜

涓浠濡姝わ灏绌惰锛昏璇藉涔涓锛缁瀹浠浠涓瑰绫诲浠浠骇璇姹藉涓濡剁杩涓绌跺ㄩ╁绛浜1989骞村琛ㄤ拌辨煎板诲蹇绌朵腑锛涔寰颁纭

4.楂娴锋诲缁褰卞

楂娴锋寮璧风搴锛蹇朵即缁浣汉昏4500绫充互涓骞跺虹楂搴涔炬惧寰村磋杩绉涓汉浣楠寰颁宸磋タ绌惰璇瀹[5]浠浠娇ㄤ姘т妯℃浜娴锋4500绫崇姘跺碉瀵10蹇胯ㄨ绉姘跺典＄缁璁ょヨ〃杩琛浜娴璇ㄦ缁归㈡璇缁蹇胯缁归浼宸ㄥぇ锛浠浠璐ф缁惧锛绱уゆ绛缁ㄩ浣跺典炬

や蹇澶锛诲北虫芥板灞虹浣澶у诲㈢绌惰ュ锛椹ㄥ凹娉灏ュ锛Pheriche锛锛4240绫筹璇涓6渚板ｈ锛杩浜ｈ娌″剧[6]

5.澶ц缁挎浼

哥辨锛绌惰浠浠ヨ瀵浜鸿ㄧ缁锛浠浠╃ㄨ椤规绱楂娴锋诲昏澶ц缁界存褰卞界跺凡缁涓绌跺杩琛浜杩归㈢宸ヤ锛浣ョ锛杩娌℃涓寸缁璁恒

ㄦ杈╂涓椤圭绌朵腑锛姣╂跺反璧灏澶у绌朵滑锛 8拌揪6000绫冲乏诲北ㄧ诲北澶ц缁娌℃剧[7]

浣2005骞达瑗跨绌惰娉跺痉锛Fayed锛瀵35昏澶ц杩琛朵腑12涓诲北杩ㄥ锛23涓浣卞ソ朵腑12涓诲北杩ㄥ1涓浣卞ソ讳浜宄般褰浠浠浣捣涔妫楠缁琛ㄦ13荤宄扮浜洪锛1浜烘姝ｅ父MRI撅涓浣卞ソ棰锛缁锛朵11浜哄琛ㄧ虹缉琛绠″ㄥ撮撮澶с浣浠涓猴楂娴锋诲澶ц纭浼甯ユ浼わ涓涓浣卞ソ浼ゅ村ぇ

ㄥぇ瀛寤哄绛[8]浜哄ㄥぇ瀛2009骞寸诲北15杩琛浜妫楠锛15拌揪宄版捣6206绫冲骞跺5灏躲瀵规诲澶ц缁杈缁剧ず锛翠瑷锛诲北苟剧ず烘剧宸锛浣诲北拌川借川浣绉锛拌川2.7%卤1.45%锛借川1.43%卤1.36%ㄥ乏渚ч艰浣ㄣ渚ч渚ф璺舵ㄥ翠互渚у锛杩浜哄戒绾х璁ょュ姐瑙瑙杩ㄦ炽

充娴锋瀵瑰ぇ缁褰卞锛涔版版归㈢褰卞锛姝ょ杩娌℃纭缁璁恒姝ゅ锛杩浜绌跺琛杩借釜绌讹句互ゆ娴锋诲澶ц缁挎瀛ㄣ

缁璇

灏绌讹宸茬楂娴锋瀵逛汉绫诲藉浼浜х涓浜瀹筹涓瀵逛涓涓昏褰卞戒村ぇ浣绌剁涔存杈缂轰存с涔绌惰楂娴锋诲浜虹被蹇藉褰卞渚濡澹集灏灏煎ぇ瀛绌惰姊Tobias M Merz锛[9]瀵32绘澹煎嘲涓浣诲北杩琛浜绁缁娴璇锛颁440绫炽4497绫炽5533绫冲6265绫充缁锛瀵逛娴锋涓娴璇缁姣杈诲北蹇藉浼ゃ浣杩涓绌朵瀛ㄥ急癸风娴璇杩琛浜4娆★诲北介甯哥杩浜浠诲★姝ゆ娉娴洪娴锋瀵逛浠界褰卞

浣涓轰椤规浜虹被杩诲北复椋╄楂浜杩ㄣ舵澶х椋╋灏辨汉绫昏寮辩借澶ц跺娌°告瑷锛楂娴锋瀵逛汉绫荤蹇藉涓浜娑惧涓绠涓ラ浣骞朵芥涓哄拷ヨ归㈢ヨ憋涓哄ㄧ诲北杩绋涓瑕诲北烘у崇锛杩浜ㄩ娴锋′欢涓板奖姝ｅ诲北甯告ㄥ浜瑙ｄ灞卞嘲典互跺界椋╀杩琛讳凤浜瑙ｉ娴锋诲澶ц藉甫ョ涔╂浠杩椤硅ㄦх

璧

[1]West, JB. Human physiology at extreme altitudes on mount everest. Science 1984; 223: 784+.

[2]Regard, M, Oelz, O, Brugger, P et al. Persistent cognitive impairment in climbers after repeated exposure to extreme altitude. Neurology 1989; 39(2): 210.

[3]Dykiert, D, Hall, D, van Gemeren, N et al. The effects of high altitude on choice reaction time mean and intra-individual variability: Results of the edinburgh altitude research expedition of 2008. Neuropsychology 2010; 24(3): 391-401.

[4]Nelson, TO, Dunlosky, J, White, DM et al. Cognition and metacognition at extreme altitudes on mount everest. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1990; 119(4): 367-374.

[5]de Aquino Lemos, V, Antunes, HKM, dos Santos, RVT et al. High altitude exposure impairs sleep patterns, mood, and cognitive functions. Psychophysiology 2012; 49(9): 1298-1306.

[6]Fagenholz, PJ, Murray, AF, Gutman, JA et al. New-onset anxiety disorders at high altitude. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 2007; 18(4): 312-316.

[7]Anooshiravani, M, Dumont, L, Mardirosoff, C et al. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and neurological changes after a single high altitude climb. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 1999; 31(7): 969-972.

[8]寤哄, ㄥぉ, 濞 et al. 绱㈤诲北缁瑰. 涓藉诲褰卞 2013; (10): 1589-1592.

[9]Merz, T, Bosch, M, Barthelmes, D et al. Cognitive performance in high-altitude climbers: A comparative study of saccadic eye movements and neuropsychological tests. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2013; 113(8): 2025-2037.