跨缁存浠涔涓锛

杩骞存ョぞ浼瀵硅跨虫敞涓锛涔虹浜瀵硅涓浜璇В跨涓甯稿瀛缁寸┒绔浣哄ｅ氨轰瀛╁涓浜跺涓绘瑙ｉ璁猴涓涓稿绠姊崇

浠涔锛

充ョ涓涓蹇碉锛Autism锛锛绉璧峰浜┐骞煎挎舵骞挎灞ч纰锛浠ョぞ浼浜ゅ纰瑷璇纰浠ュ琛涓烘磋叮澶绘夸负涓昏瑰杩涓涓瑰1943骞寸藉跨绮剧荤Leo Kannerㄤ复搴瑙瀵涔涓荤锛ユ涓鸿焦ｅ涓瑕锛绉颁负"Kanner涓"や杩版稿跺锛澶чㄥｅ胯锋哄浣瓒甯搞ヨ浼ゅ璁ょョ己风归㈢稿崇躲

姒蹇垫浜借薄锛ｄ㈠氨存杩ユ棰锛灏辨充跨缁翠瀛╁绌剁浠涔涓锛

锛涓锛翠规藉缂哄け

ㄤ璁ょユ瑰锛浜虹被涓涓ぉ惧锛灏辨娆㈠敖烘涓惧鸿绯伙涔娆㈠敖被ュ板朵涔灏辨锛甯镐汉瀵逛╃ヨ宸ュㄩ『搴瀛ㄥ浜╃讳瑰杩琛浼宸ョ惧锛冲ㄥ浜╄琛灞ㄥ涔锛蹇椤荤翠宸ョヨ舵锛浠璁や负甯镐汉ヨ杩绋寮濮浜讳缁缁锛涔灞ㄧ瑰

杩绉翠规姝ｅ父杩浣椹变娇浜虹被娉ㄩ浜╃锛辨瑰杈ㄦ

Frith,U锛1989锛ㄥ瀛ょｈ杩琛瑙瀵绌剁虹涓锛瀛ょｈヨ宸ユā寮技涔父浜虹ヨ宸ユā寮锛浠浠村惧浜浜╃缁灞ㄦ杩琛宸ワ娉瑙ｄ╃翠骞朵轰涓ぎ淇℃村寮憋Weak Central Coherence锛WCC锛璁恒

涓浣瀛剧涔璇达"浜哄＋瑙瑙姣浣灏奸㈣瑙 剁颁澶剁缁寰涓璧"缂轰绉翠浣胯跨涓涓轰涓剁瑁涓锛虫敞缁璞′涓"涓у"杩涓稿瑰

浠ヨ锛涓杩涓圭ヨ藉㈡绉纰锛跺绉"浼"锛瀹浼浣夸浠澧寰瑰浜х涓瀹锛浣涔浼浣夸浠ユ涓浜甯镐汉娌℃硅藉锛宠藉瀛ゅ(Inlets of Abilities)姣濡跨ソ缁ㄥ澶浜ㄧ锛骞朵夸宸э瀵圭寰寮虹瑙瀵锛杩浠浜浣浠诲″锛浠绾挎′腑惧洪╀欢澶涓浣绉ㄧ朵腑涓㈠剧诲骞剁涓涓炬涓浼寮藉瑙锛浣跺拌跨涓藉╀欢舵ㄥ村锛灏瀛缁娈佃姐

婀惧惧杩绉缁存瑰荤涓鸿"瓒浜鸿藉"涓绱锛瀵逛涓涔娉ㄦ涓ㄦц澶绯荤椤哄╄浣瑕澶杩浣

蜂ヨ锛跨缂轰绉翠规藉杩浠ヤ稿琛涓鸿〃锛

1.瑰己纭藉锛跨ㄨ涓浜瀛瀛璧讹涓浼版翠负伴俱稿ヨ锛涓跨惧浜璁板涓涓俊瀹瑙寰缁

2.娉ㄦ涓汉涓瑗匡跨戒浼浠浠澧涓浜灏锛涓汉涔浼瀵规浜棰浠浠璁镐挎堕翠磋叮

3.藉杈ㄥ井缁瑙瑙璧骞朵涓瀹ヨ姣濡娉蹇稿ㄣ澹伴崇

4.楣寮锛灏辩璇炽澹板璇纭瀹浠患璇存缂烘翠锛浠よ浜哄＋涓浜瑙ｆ烘

5.澶ц涓猴澶ㄤ锛Frith,U璁や负锛澶杩涓轰腑澶绯荤澶急浜锛涓芥甯稿抽ュ杈虹郴缁

锛浜锛蹇璁虹己锛theory-of-minddeficit锛

蹇璁烘涓瀵硅繁浠浜虹蹇舵杩琛褰锛骞舵棰娴瑙ｉ浠浜鸿涓虹藉

杩涓句涓渚瀛э灏绯惧扮姗遍锛跺洪ㄥ浜濡濡瀹跺扮姗遍绯锛渚挎瀹惧颁涓藉锛跺哄涔拌浜灏绱锛板锛冲绯姝ゆ讹灏灏板挎剧锛姗遍锛杩藉锛涓骞撮舵瀛╁浼涓绛锛涓ヨ锛涓宀浠ュ瀛╁浼绛ㄦ藉锛宀浠ュ瀛╁戒绛姝ｇ‘绛妗虫┍锛杩灏辨崇浠浠灞轰繁蹇璁恒

ｅ跨变己涔璁鸿藉锛寰寰瀵瑰汉搴杩锛涓汉绔哄瑕锛翠浜瑙ｅ汉ㄦ搴锛绀句氦伴俱

渚濡锛濠村垮1宀宸灏卞浠ラ杩肩浜瑙ｄ浜哄浜╃娉锛琛ㄨ揪繁瀵逛╃瑙杩跨╂灞瑕绀句娌斤冲卞娉ㄦ惰缃规ｈ濠村辜垮1宀锛卞娉ㄦjoint attention锛灏辨缂洪峰ㄣ姝ゅ锛绌舵剧ず跨瀵瑰蹇锛浼ゅ绛绠㈤ㄨ〃璇ュ悍跨宸锛浣瀵瑰按灏瀚濡澶缁璇〃鸿伴撅瀵瑰ㄦ㈤ㄨ〃璇杈伴撅瀵艰翠浠ㄧぞ浜ゆ澧涓藉纭瑙ｆ缁绀句氦宸锛涓藉缓绔娌浜ㄦā寮

姝ゅ锛ｅ夸浜虹浜ゆ甯稿父归㈢锛浠ヨ涓轰腑蹇锛缂哄瑙ｄ浜哄舵剧ㄥ锛瀵艰磋瑷璇浜ゆ娌澶辨涓瓒筹浠琛ㄧ鸿宸璇ㄥ藉

浠浠炽璇藉烘浼わ浣瀵硅瑷瑙ｅㄥ㈡锛骞朵瀛ㄦ捐骞挎瑷璇瑷璇ㄥ纰锛濡璇瑙ｅ伴撅涓界瑙ｅ浣跨ㄩ存璇姣濡靛奖逛椴搞濂充富瑙灏辨涓瀛㈡瑙ｅ瀛浜猴舵璇繁涓虹佃涓浜"break the record"(翠璁板锛婵ㄤ宸诧浜break浜涓records锛辩锛璇繁涔浠ュ般界剁靛奖瑰じ寮锛浣府╁ぇ瀹剁瑙ｅс

跨蹇璁虹己杩浠ラ杩灏娴璇Hughes & Russell(1993)浣烘ャㄨ椤规璇涓灏浠涓瑙涓や釜绠卞浠瑕浠ｄ釜绠卞濡浠ｄ釜娌℃剧绠卞锛灏卞璧㈠涓绮绯濡浠绯绠卞锛灏变浼绯濂璧涓绉娴璇杩涓浣瀵规锛瀵规浼寮灏剧绠卞锛濡㈡绯锛灏卞瀵规杩椤规璇抽灏楠瀵规锛浠瑰寰板璧娴璇缁剧ず跨涓绠℃娌℃瀵规锛浠缁╅藉宸

充杩扮娴璇锛涔瀛璁や负锛杩涓鸿ｈ瀛ㄧц伴撅executive dysfunction锛锛浠浠澶扮风璇寰炬瑰妯″骞朵变瀵艰寸ц介纰寰澶朵琛ㄧ镐技锛姣濡锛1.靛娆缂哄脊х琛涓猴2.澧杞诲井瑰颁瀹锛3.瀹ㄩ靛惊姣釜缁锛4.琛涓哄插ㄣ句互跺剁搴绛

跨蹇璁虹己绁缁虹杩藉ㄤ"缁"锛mirror neuron锛绌朵汉浜鸿涓ㄤ绉涓蹇浠ュ璁ょヤ浜烘炬崇缁锛瀹浼ゅ芥ｈ绀句介纰翠负寰瑙ｉ

锛涓锛缂轰辨涓搴郴缁

变急涓ぎ绯荤涓璁虹己藉借В跨ㄥ讹杩浜骞存ワ瀛轰辨绯荤妯″锛Empathizing涓Systemizing锛

浜轰滑辨绯荤寰寰锛姣濡濂虫х姣锋ч锛绯荤藉稿杈浣涔浠ヨ〃虹ぞ浜ゅ娌纰变浠辨缂烘锛磋叮琛涓哄绘垮藉瀛ゅ绛绀句х瑰郴缁宠甯哥琛ㄧ

Baron涓Cohen(2002)灏辨瀹涔涓:璇浜烘缁(璁ょユ)锛骞跺朵洪褰缁搴()椹卞变滑涔璁茬蹇璁哄跺灏辨辨涓璁ょユ璇ョ璁鸿涓鸿跨娣℃涓氦娴纰涔韩涓褰缁搴浣涓哄虹

绯荤锛杩绯荤ユ瀵兼绯荤娲诲ㄧ烘椹卞锛浠ュ╃ㄨ绯荤椹卞绠ヨ灏辨┿朵瑙瀵锛褰绾宠寰瀵艰涓虹杩绋

跺姝ｅ父瀛╁涔褰绾崇╃涓瑙寰藉浣瀛╁绠村氨涓"绉瀛"锛浠浠负瑙ｇ郴缁锛瑙ｈ涓锛蹇椤诲澶瑙瀵绯荤涓缁瑰锛姣瑙瀵浣涓轰涓锋ㄦ锋腑褰绾冲轰涓妯″骞舵杩涓ā寮涓鸿绯荤瑙灏朵""灞truth锛Baron涓Cohen(2008)界户缁涓涓骞朵繁界瑙ｇ娲汇

姣濡绌舵剧ず锛姝ｅ父跨ㄦ敞瑙㈠舵村虫敞肩锛涓虹肩涓涓轰赴瀵缁淇℃惰跨村虫敞浜轰滑村反锛涓哄娲诲ㄤ０充哄ㄤ浠ュ锋"瑙存"锛涓郴缁琛ㄥ锛瀵瑰辨瑕娉ㄨ琚拷ヤ

ㄥ

跺充锛ㄧ涓村村骞朵涓淬跺跺绉绫诲锋澶锋э骞惰〃哄剧涓宸с姝わ娉涓澶х被涓村琛ㄧ,绉"璋辩郴纰"(autism spectrum disorders,ASD)璋辩郴涓绔界锛璋辩郴涓绔界(high function autism,HFA)

瀛瀵逛蹇哄跺苟娌℃杈炬缁涓锛繁涔涓涓宸ワ轰稿姣杈涓绘锛寮变腑澶郴缁璁恒蹇璁虹己璁恒ц介纰璁恒辨-绯荤妯″涓涓甯哥姊崇杩浜璁哄ㄨВ跨舵舵渚ч浜ゅ锛涔浜璁恒绔寰澶瑙归芥轰釜浜哄ゆ╂уㄧ锛濡甯翠负娣卞ョ浜瑙ｏ充瑙ｆ不搴ㄦ归㈢瀹癸璇峰稿翠负涓涓绌躲

涓虹浜蹭汉涓浣借ｈ锛涔ㄨ婵杩涓ぞ浼瀵硅缇ゆヨ"ヨ瀛╁"虫敞涓冲锛涓哄灏璇浜瑙ｄ虫敞韩灏辨绉

宠涓涓稿共璇锛娲讳烘靛奖锛村凤拌涔ㄣ涓浠ｈ涓浠瀹跺涵э姣釜浜洪芥风

锛浣锛娼浜濡

[1] The enactive mind, or from actions to cognition: lessons from autism.

[2] Understanding autism:in sights from mind and brain.

[3] 辨绯荤璁鸿堪璇,榻浜.

[4] 寮变腑澶璁虹患杩般,澧.

[5] ｅ垮璁哄跺ㄥ骞查涓搴ㄣ,淇.

[6] 璁ょョ缁灞绌垛椤句,璧骞.

[7] 灏涓瀛╁跨涓不,榻.