涓轰涔浜虹镐俊甸瀛

浜烘涔甸瀛ㄢ涓㈠绛锛浣涓瀛楠э充娇ｄ婵瀵光甸涓璁虹浜猴涔浼ㄦ达浣衡缁翠浼寤剁画绛绌剁甸瀛ㄧ蹇瀛ゥ绉涔锛

浜轰汉芥崇ラ锛

浠浠ワ

浠浠变ャ

浜轰汉芥充瑙ｏ

芥惰姝

浣澶瀹裤

浣浜虹ユ锛

宠杩涓㈤с

褰句附峰痉ㄧ癸Iris Dement锛卞Let the Mystery Be杩棣抽姝讹浠涓扮瑰ご杩浣夸汉棰濂瀹涓锛褰璋颁解灏藉瀹挎讹姝ｇ璋跺浠负浣濡姝ょ‘淇¤涓姣绔澶ц朵ㄥ骞舵涓锛芥轰涓ㄥ浣涓哄ぇ涓昏浠诲★涓惰缁粹釜璇锛涓濡璇磋涓ㄨ浠负浣充瑙ｈ浣姝讳骸缁村寰浣澶鹃缁翠虫澶变捐瑙锛

绉璁稿浜洪界镐俊锛甸互杩绉ｇ褰㈠ㄣ冲锛涓界‘瀹浜烘缁村蹇瀛绌朵娇镐俊锛杩浜х淇′话涓垮骇╋瀹浠苟婧浜锛涔骞舵病浜轰滑涓瀛ㄦ浜хс变浠杩缂哄け缁锛娉宠薄姝讳骸瑙浜瀹涓锛姝讳骸娉琚瑙锛杩灏辨ㄣ

浜轰滑甯歌涓烘浜￠甯哥绉锛涔挎镐俊姝讳骸骞堕浜虹涔璺缁广纭绀句蹇瀛绌朵腑涓涓ュ瀛х璁猴terror management theory 锛杈╃О锛甸涓淇′话锛浜浜轰滑瀵逛涓瀛ㄦ锛ego's inexistence锛搴

绠＄璁鸿璁や负锛浠ユ涓涓瀵蹇插尽姝ㄥ锛ユ惰繁瀵规浜＄灏辨挎姝ｅㄦ板杩绡绔ヨ锛х璁哄戒璇浣锛涓哄汉板浜杩绡绔锛骞朵娇杩涓存虫姣杩涓╂轰瀛娲诲翠锛濡涓骞村濂璁轰浜轰绋璁板锛灏变璋㈠ぉ璋㈠颁锛

惰锛ㄥ涓浜绌朵汉瓒ヨ寮虹版瑙帮杩轰涓涓ㄤ璁虹癸浠绁琚绉涓ㄦ瑙斤璁や负缁存案瀛涓界杩涓х璇凡琚浠淇扮户夸ャ

甸涓

充娇ｄ澹扮О繁涓镐俊甸涓浜虹兢锛涔瑕㈠杩风姝ｅ插瀹躲朵富涔涓锛Center for Naturalism锛濮浜烘椹W路锛Thomas W. Clark锛1994骞翠负浜烘涓讳锛Humanist锛板涓绡绔涓扮ｆ凤

涓绉澶浜璁瑙硅涓猴姝讳骸涓达ョ灏辨姝讳骸涓繁娓涓涓娲锛缁缁锛案锛案杩娑澶便杩涓瑙圭璋涔澶锛ㄤ娇澶蜂锛璧浜瀹‘跺垫规э濡榛锛锛跺姝诲浜虹疆浜朵腑杩蜂ワ浠究浠ユ绉瑰藉ヤ涔涓ㄩｉ姘告瀛ㄣ

涓涓杩涓护浜洪浜瀹э浣姘歌涔涓浼ラ浣宸叉璁镐浼拌繁芥ㄦ堕锛浣娌℃浜轰璇浣褰涓界锛姝讳骸纭涓淬瑕浣涓轰ㄥ绉绫诲淇℃宸茬杩涓瀹锛姝ｅ父宸ヤ澶ц涓灏涓锛澶ц宸ヤ藉灏辫涓涓澶存病浠涔涓ゆ蜂2007骞达缇戒╂ｅぇ瀛插瀹惰┞峰凹Shaun Nichols锛ㄣ缁煎锛Syntheses锛蹇涓琛ㄤ涓绡绔锛涓锛褰璇炬宠薄韩涓瀛ㄦ讹涓寰涓宠薄繁瀵硅绉瑙宸茬浜浜瑙ｅ璁ょャ姣杩轰涓涓璁猴

捣ワ杩涓骞舵病瑙ｅ浠涔璋浣璧浣缁瀵规病宠瀹姝ｆ瀹崇浠涓浜虹О瑙瑙ョ锛浣韩姝讳骸娉璇浼姝ｆ涓璁鸿姝寰锋姣釜浜虹蹇介韩涓界璇

充究浠挎镐俊浣姝讳骸涔缁撮虫锛涔瑕缁伴剧虫浜2002骞达ㄣ璁ょヤ锛Cognition and Culture锛蹇涓琛ㄤ涓椤圭绌剁锛褰涓楠澶у琚涓绯诲充浣蹇ヨ藉讹浠锛ㄤ浠娴蜂腑锛甸涓界瑙涓椋

璇瀛浠褰ュ痉锛Richard锛杩浜哄甫杞澶存涓电嚎涓讹浠绔充藉间褰璇璇荤舰涓娈垫崇ュ痉杞ジ蹇舵堪璇㈤浠㈢朵宸叉浜★杩藉户缁楠杩绉绮剧舵锛ュ痉杩浼崇浠濡诲锛濡ㄦ浠浜涓风锛ㄤ杩藉灏鸿风婊冲锛浠杩崇户缁椿涓锛

浣浠ユ宠薄浠浠剁琛ㄦ寰剧讹寰灏浜轰涓ユ涓涓甸宠俱у插藉ュご硷澶у颁汉缁虹绛妗藉蹇寤剁画эpsychological continuity锛浠浠宠薄灏界ュ痉宸茬浜★浣浠缁翠уュㄣ杩涓骞朵轰汉锛涓轰椤瑰蹇娴楠〃璋ユ剧ず锛澶у板涓棰界镐俊甸互绉褰㈠ㄧ

浠や汉ｄ镐俊浜烘甸虫璇跺涔浼琛ㄧ哄寤剁画х璁ょャㄥ～璋ヨ〃讹杩浜浜洪藉ㄢ璋甸涓фㄨ浣姝讳骸浼娑杩璇规涓╋琛ㄧず璁ゅ浠浠涓32%绛妗撮插轰浠浠蹇瀹涓复浼瓒瓒姝讳骸缁х画瀛36%绛妗琛ㄦ浠浠蹇舵涓蹇镐俊ユ绛ユ杩绋稿炽涓涓瑰杩瀛璁や负绡锋㈠绗锛浠浼间涓烘釜荤锛绔鸿绉涓杩濂藉ㄤ猴ュ痉褰剁ラ浠姝讳骸锛涓哄苟娌℃浠涔ヤ锛浠浠涓灏辩ラ浠浼姝汇

涓瀛ㄦ姒蹇靛涓轰浼濡姝ゅ伴撅ㄦワㄥ搴褰妯℃绾璇粹锛simulation constraint hypothesis锛锛宠惧╄韩缁锛conscious experience锛ユ宠薄姝讳骸绌剁涓浜裤姝讳骸涓浠浠讳缁芥糕涔澶锛涓烘病锛浠氨娉拌繁椿锛肩版ā姝ｇ锛涔娴

濡涓涓舵瀛璧板涓封杩骞堕浠涔瑙瑙灏涓镐俊浣姝讳骸涔甸浠浼瀛ㄧ浜烘㈠富瑙缁璁ょュ锛cognitive reverberation锛ㄨタ插瀹剁背煎路寰蜂绾崇璇猴Miguel de Unamuno锛1913骞寸跨璁烘浜虹插ф锛The Tragic Sense of Life锛涓璇昏涔借芥宠薄板痉涔绾崇璇轰负浜ユ宠涓纭夸瀹涓瀹澧浠锛璇剧ㄦ涓瑗垮～婊′锛界涓轰瑙ｅ寸板锛浼璁╀澶寸娆茶

㈢锛浣戒璇村痉涔绾崇璇烘拷ヤ浠涔浠芥杩锛nothingness锛缁姣濡姣姊＄浣涓璁惧苟涓姝ｇ‘璇达璁告浠跺浼杩风拌薄锛剧杩涓娈垫杩褰舵界瀹涓锛涓借版ュ般

濡璇寸簿绁涓斤琛ㄧず浠互涓绉姐剁瑰姝讳骸锛ｄ璁告浠挨舵骞煎胯戒互杩绉瑰琛讹逛瀹剁姣瀵诲ㄥ锛Sam锛浣琚ㄥ灏褰舵璁や负锛ㄥ浠剁ラ杩辩濂癸涔ラ寰辨娌¤藉朵ス娌′汉‘璇杩锛ㄥ甸渚舵椿锛充娇舵涔娌℃杩疯杩瀵灏ㄦ疆婀跨瀛锛濂瑰凡缁浜锛浣浠病璁や负濂圭甸渚уㄢ釜濂虫

濡浣锛ㄥ褰剁浜浠涔锛璁告绛浼绫讳技浜版灏寰仿P路搴灏锛Gerald P. Koocher锛炬拌绛妗1973骞达搴灏ㄣ插瀛锛Developmental Psychology锛蹇涓琛ㄤ涓浠界绌舵ュ锛褰朵藉澶уヤ鸡姣浜＄涓澹绌剁锛ユ涓轰缇藉瀛涓诲腑浠捐缇6~15宀跨锛褰浣姝讳骸朵浠涔浜锛涓ā绾璇寸缁璁轰达璁稿绛妗芥轰ュ父缁ユ堪姝讳骸锛姣濡＄浜锛扳骞冲浜

缁翠浣绂

搴灏绌舵韩骞舵璇浠绉瑙蹇垫澶妯℃绾璇存杩绉瑰淇辨ョ濡甸涓淇′话剁浜х╋姣濡跨浠濯浣瀹跺涵寰浼胯绉淇′话锛ｄ浠浠ョу伴娴锛蹇寤剁画ф浼骞撮澧夸ヤ勘澧界堕骞撮澧匡跨浼瓒ヨ寮虹版拌繁蹇涓姝伙浣浠绔撮跨堕存甸涓淇′话躲

惰锛杩绌跺浜轰滑瀵规璁ょョ灞瓒挎版颁稿2004骞达缇戒缃杈惧澶цタ娲澶у蹇瀛寸淮路F路姣绾锛David F. Bjorklund锛涓浜涓绡璁烘锛琛ㄥㄣ插瀛蹇涓浠2003~12宀跨瑙浜涓烘ㄥ跺с姣釜跨芥璧瀹璐榧辫ㄥ扮娲诲ㄥぇ妫浜灏卞ㄨ讹浠璇杩浜瀛╁锛瀹璐榧浜涓濡锛ㄤㄧЩ涓婚绐跺蹭烘ワ涓灏瀹浜涓锛瀹璐榧灏辫蜂藉间

褰瀛╁浠姝诲瀹璐榧蹇娲诲ㄦ讹濡瀹璐榧杩冲瀹跺锛瀹杩惧锛瀹杩介诲拌遍锛浠浠搴涓杩扮绌朵腑浜哄镐技姝ら」绌朵腑锛3~5宀跨灞浜灏勾榫缁锛告浜澶涓や釜杈垮勾榫缁跨锛浠浠村惧浜璧蹇寤剁画ц琛

浠や汉濂藉充娇榫跨涔娣辩ョ姝讳骸浜锛浠浠ラ姝诲瀹璐榧涓瑕椋╁姘达涔涓芥夸负涓骞撮浠や汉绉板骞煎勾榫缁涓85%瀛╁借锛瀹璐榧澶ц宸茬界户缁伐浣锛杈垮勾榫缁瀛╁村璇浠锛姝诲瀹璐榧浼伴ゥ楗挎娓达瀹姝诲瑙浼村ソ锛浠朵ュョ姘

涔瀛╁借借璇帮姝讳骸涔藉涓界户缁浠ユ浠借瀛跨缂轰浜＄瑙蹇点浠浠技涔藉濂藉板╃ㄨ浜ヨ稿崇蹇姐

浠瑙瑙ヨ锛寤虹涓涓姝讳骸稿崇璁哄苟冲抽瑕缇藉╃凹浜澶у娲跺＄浜虹被瀛H路路宸撮风癸H. Clark Barrett锛镐俊锛瑙ｈ浣姝讳骸锛姣濡涓姝讳骸戒浼拌烦璧锋ュ涓锛锛借捣版姐浼哄浣浜瑙ｆ缁寸缁姝㈠苟娌℃浠讳瀛浠峰硷浠瑙搴ョ锛涔娌℃蹇瑕

2005骞达宸撮风逛辨煎版煎交瑰ぇ瀛蹇瀛涓硅堵疯锛Tanya Behne锛ㄣ璁ょャ锛Cognition锛蹇涓琛ㄤ涓浠界绌舵ュ浠浠锛ㄨ鲸″ㄧ╀浜″ㄧ╂讹甯虹宀跨涓澶灏灏濮ㄨ界跨涓峰鸿层垮ㄥ跨锛瀵规浜′俊涔棰涓虹锛涓缂轰ㄧㄧ╁案浣灏辨涓稿濂界瀹ㄤ俊锛浠椤诲蹇瀹浼ㄨ韩杈规堕″贰

绱

涓归浠瀛灏辩ラ浠讳浜╅戒浼姝昏澶锛涓归浠浠氨璧浜浜缁х画蹇娲诲ㄧ藉蹭茬姹癸板ㄥ

浜瀹涓锛甸涓杩涓瑙蹇靛ㄤ赴瀵寤虹剁璁ょョ轰瑕瑙层杩ㄤ瀹绋搴绫讳技浜缓绛淇杩绋锛浠ュ淇′话涓虹浠ユ涓鸿楗版锛卞绛浜娴跺ぉ蹇澶у缁浜х╁浣匡㈠附锛涔绠达㈠浠ユ寰浠や汉澶寸淇′话锛涔浠ユ矾浜衡镐俊甸瀛ㄢ浜虹瑙璁哄浣锛瀹芥辩稿涓娴寤洪

浜轰滑缁存浜＄跺惧寰寰浼版褰卞缇藉浣澶у蹇瀛淇缃路Paul Harris锛瑗跨杩绋插芥澶у锛National University of Distance Education锛绌跺椹濉路甯ㄥ凹 锛Marta Gim茅nez锛浣杩琛绌朵璇浜杩涓瑙广浠浠绌舵剧ず锛褰璋璇涓诲绉瀛姹讹浜轰滑浼蹇寤剁画ф2005骞达杩浠界绌舵ュ琛ㄥㄣ璁ょヤ蹇涓浣浠ヨタ椹痉甯7~11宀跨涓鸿ュ璞★姣杈涓绫诲浜瀵逛浠褰卞涓ㄥ瀛╁扮浜涓涓у璇涓涓瀛锛浠濂跺ザ涓甯ㄤ璧封锛涓ㄥ瀛╁扮浜涓镐技锛涓涓荤璇翠浣风封涓骞惰告涔涓锛存借涓烘蹇娲诲ㄤㄧ户缁

2005骞达瀹璐榧瀹楠娆¤琛锛骞跺琛ㄥㄣ涓棰插瀛锛British Journal of Developmental Psychology锛涓ㄨ椤圭绌朵腑锛蹇瀛寸淮路姣绾瑗跨璞涓涓澶у锛Jaume I University锛蹇瀛路灏寰锋Carlos Hern谩ndez锛涓涓璧凤瀵硅タ℃瑰╃澶╀富瀛″淇插′腑跨杩琛浜姣杈涓杩扮绌朵达5~6宀跨涓烘灏勾榫缁锛璁哄茶杩涓勾榫缁涓缁澶у板瀛借涓哄璐榧姝诲瀹蹇舵浠ㄧ户缁瀛＄璇剧锛璁烘杩淇锛瀵瑰瀛杩涓虫芥病褰卞惰锛骞撮澧匡娓涓哄奖瀛╁瑙蹇电涓涓绱锛告涔涓锛灏辫澶╀富瀛＄瀛╁存藉╁寤剁画ц琛锛ㄤ插￠锛虫涓瀛瀹拌涓轰汉浣姝讳骸涔甸涓界户缁ㄣ

甸借辩浣

浠ぉ灏辩镐俊甸涓涓璇存锛杩戒浠璁ㄨ绉璁ょユ璁虹稿炽惰锛灏界妯℃绾璇存╀В锛涓轰涔杩涔澶浜洪界镐俊璇稿甸姘镐娑杩蜂昏浜锛浣瀹骞舵病璇浠涓轰浜轰滑浼璁炬崇甸芥辫韬妗褰㈢姘涓烽ユ案藉害姣绔锛灏辩浠镐俊甸浼浣楠烽锛涔涓浼浜洪绘浠褰讹寰灏浜虹镐俊甸ㄩ楂姘哥

浠ラ锛浜轰滑涓浼涓烘浠涓颁浠灏变瀛ㄤ淬插瀛崇ㄤ涓涓濡ュ舰瀹硅涓烘蹇碘浜虹姘告锛person permanence锛锛浠璁ゆ浣璇浜烘ㄦ涓版瑰浠朵姝ゆ舵姝ｅㄨ灏娉规板杩绡绔锛浣浠ユ宠薄烘硷Ginger锛姝ｅㄧ芥板ゥ灏颁澶达涓烘ラ濂规ぉ藉杩浜浜

2006骞达ㄣ琛涓轰ぇ绉瀛锛Behavioral and Brain Sciences锛涓琛ㄨ涓绡棰涓恒浜虹甸蹇瀛锛The Folk Psychology of Souls锛绔褰韬竟涓瑰浜虹堕锛浜虹被璁ょヨ藉涓瓒充互杩搴杩涓碉骞跺舵存版浠缁煎绀句氦缃缁浠藉涓烘浜虹绐堕抽浜虹姘告杩涓虫灏ゅ舵ｄ浜ゅ瀵戒甯歌浣蹇涓舵舵冲康浜轰锛杩绉堕搴藉琛ㄧ寰村樊

㈢跺姝わ浜虹姘告灏辨浜妯ㄦ璁よ姝讳骸姘歌姝㈢涓纰冲绱娈娓ｂ涔璺涓纰浜瀵逛汉浠ヨ锛宠薄芥ㄤ浜娣锋贩娌娌句互瀵瑙版圭户缁娲伙杩朵杩浜

锛浣锛拌タ路璐锛缈昏锛

濂灏ャㄦ锋璐逛ワ甯╃惧害硅浜у浣楠锛杩轰寰惧害绾康涓