宸у杩磋锛濡浣ゆ

浣镐俊宸у锛

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缇界磋

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2垮ユ鸿寸涓浣涓猴

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4杞哄椋汉绉瀵娈碉

5荤垮ョ浼瀵艰村锛

6遍ギㄦ按姘瀛姹＄娈.

缁锛49%缇戒汉冲镐俊朵腑涓涓18%缇戒汉镐俊涓涓浠ヨ跺涓汉浠镐俊磋璁虹朵唬

镐俊磋璁哄芥汉涓涓缁存姐浜轰滑绘界澶娣蜂贡涓句釜绠瑙ｉ锛杩涓В灏辨涓己澶х涓涓浜虹锛ㄦ朵Kent澶у浣蹇瀛绌 [Scientific American (September 2012), 307, 91. ]锛镐俊涓绉磋璁虹浜猴寰寰涔浼镐俊跺磋璁猴虫哥剧磋璁恒瓒镐俊村濞跺骞舵病姝绘姝荤浜猴瓒瀹规镐俊村濞跺璋 姝ｆ垮浜浜娌″璇浠

杩浜磋璁洪芥涓涓卞缁存ā寮杩涓缁存ā寮氨胯宸у锛涓胯浜浜跺锛璁や负涓芥绯伙芥

杩绉缁存锛浠椤绘胯杩涓涓纭磋锛涓芥垮ㄤ换浣跺芥杈浣磋搴规Business Insider涓绡绔璇锛浠ヤ杩涓涓芥垮磋锛瀹浜锛

1绂浠ゆ达缇芥垮剧宸ヤ绮句腑ユ浜瀛浣垮朵借杞ㄤ绮撅杩浜瀛村界锛涓瓒杩涓浜烘浜★

2卞烘娌荤寰浜姊姣榛浜烘ュ绌讹翠姝ｇ浜烘不锛

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4瀵艰磋ㄩ㈠绾хㄦ咕浜浠垛涓浜茬跺骞舵锛芥じ澶фヤ涓烘浜锛

5规剧ㄥ藉琚诲绁稿宸 藉琛锛浣纭浜锛

6垮剧ㄥ璇涓ユ典跨藉垮ぇ姣浜轰瀹楠锛

7CIA剧瀵ㄥお骞虫涓娼锛朵涓棰甯稿脊澶寸瀵煎脊锛

8缇芥垮剧绂杩浼哄骞舵辩ㄤ╁凹姝锛

9娴锋咕浜澶锛涓涓浜宀绉濞瑰コ瀛╁ㄧ藉戒浣璇锛璇村ス逛浼澹垫濠村挎姝诲ㄥ颁浜涓コ瀛╂濞归┗缇ぇ浣跨濂冲匡翠釜浣璇冲瀵兼

璺㈤ｅ釜娴琛锛浠浜诲稿崇锛磋璁虹告锛杩涔涓姝ｇ磋颁浠涔绋搴惧害灏辫冲浣涓涓伴骇

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璁烘娲插缇宸考浜哄＋锛杩腑藉淇缃姘富涔缈间汉澹挎浠ユラ戒磋涔璁や负锛缇戒汉充跺浜ゆ跨涓璇磋锛涓杩ㄤ负绉绉瀵璁ゃ璇ヨ绋磋叮锛涓轰ч【澶у锛浼】(Halliburton)锛锛╃锛涓轰棰瑕涓乏缈兼垮锛涓轰寮卞藉璁虹界绉瀵璁涔锛瀹ㄧｄ澶╃版㈢浜烘涓杩涔璁や负

惰锛缁胯揪涓ゅㄧ锛缁村鸿В瀵甯稿版绀哄猴缇藉ㄤ换浣瑰涓绔猴甯镐绔哄苟涓ゆ枫浠璁稿垫ュ锛璁稿朵腑杩娼涓浜浜虹浜浠躲浣杩涓ゅㄦ浠剁璇缇藉浜ゆ跨涓ㄨ涓ら㈡淳淇″涔涔澶涓扮磋璁鸿瀵规涓瀹甯稿け

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Linda釜灏甯锛

Linda釜惰虹撼锛

Linda釜涔颁╃锛

Linda釜》浜コ杩ㄧ惰虹撼

缁涔璇借涓衡Linda釜》浜コ杩ㄧ惰虹撼芥э姣Linda釜惰虹撼撮浣杩瀵圭锛AB舵绔芥у浜A绔芥э杩璁虹甯歌锛

濡浣绛浜锛涓瑕矗锛涓鸿涓灏辫ぇ瀛崇绉瀛涓澹绌剁芥85%浜虹″凹兼共朵椤归芥挎锛灏遍璇Linda釜惰虹撼Linda釜》浜コ杩ㄧ惰虹撼釜芥ф村ぇ锛浠舵85%90%绛杩涓璇ㄤ汉浠涓娓эplausibility锛芥эprobability锛哄》浜コ杩ㄢ澧浜瀵Linda堪э浣撮浣芥с涓涓被浼肩渚瀛风锛

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2澶у藉寮锛瀵艰存琚昏涔锛浜椹け浜浠躲

涓瀛

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杩浠ｈ跨蹇瀛璁┞风帮Jean Piaget锛璇达ㄥ跨跨涓舵锛浠涓瑙浼涓や釜烘广涓涓animism锛涓╂点浠璁や负姣釜╀芥椿锛姣濡姹借溅涔浠ヤ璧版涓哄绱瑕浼撮瑕涓瑗挎瀹繁匡姣濡澶冲ㄨ浠蛋涓涓artificialism锛浜轰负涓讳灏璁や负涓涓瑗块芥汉轰绉烘ョ姣濡涓轰涔浼澶筹澶虫汉ㄧ撮烘ョт寒ㄧ

辨锛ㄥ跨涓涓规氨涓瀛ㄩ虹璞★涓芥╁瀹Lewis Wolpert功The Unnatural Nature of Science锛ㄦ涔腑浠猴宠辩绋舵绉瀛灏卞椤婚寮杩涓璁恒

绉瀛蹇锛涓杩琛缁涓濂绾烘哄躲椋癸冲ご戒ワ骞朵瀹涓锛涓涔绮剧╃瀹寰冲浜瀹灏变杩涔浜浜灏卞浜锛绾讹骞朵宠瀹瀹姣濡炬姣ㄩ浜轰腑浼澶锛浣浠ュ瀹浼哄讹浣绉浼苟涓涓瀹浠涔

寰澶浜虹绌惰剁瀛负浠涔娌℃ㄤ腑藉Ian MorrisWhy The West Rules For Now杩功涓锛涓戒浠ユ病剁瀛涓涓瑕ㄤ腑戒缁涓璁や负澶╅浠涓轰澶╂寰疯锛浠涓剁惧甯璀锛汉╃瀛瀛璇粹澶╁澶т换浜汉涔锛蹇跺蹇锛冲剁楠ㄢ杩娈佃浠涔锛浠璇磋炬澶╂宠楠浣

涓汉浠ュ瀛瀛璇瑙ｉ浠浠ユ惧涓澶╁浠楠锛库涓澶╂浼楠浜衡杩涓棰浣ㄧ缁裤ㄣ璧板颁汉杈逛杩功绗涓寮澶达濂瑰锛

澶ц剁绁浠凡缁浜涔缁绉瀛寰锛浠借浜椤垮ㄣ涓涔璇达澶ц朵寰虫浜 涓蹇瑕锛灏辨虫 锛Nature does nothing in vain The more is in vain when the less will do 锛锛涓涔璇讳功 2005骞寸涓 148椤碉浣姝充悍寰风绗瑰ゃ锛插瀹朵″寮瀵煎轰浠插 涓插锛ㄦュ府锛绱浜瀹跺父

澶ц朵寰虫浜锛ｄ锛杩涓遍灏挎绾电浜轰锛杩涓疮浠濮灞剧浜轰灏辨瑕浜

涓寰涓璇达ㄧ浣姝芥椤跨璇缁瑙ｉ浜杩娈佃鸿椤裤涓Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy杩涓锛

Rule I. We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances.

To this purpose the philosophers say that Nature does nothing in vain, and more is in vain when less will serve; for Nature is pleased with simplicity, and affects not the pomp of superfluous causes.

杩more is in vain when less will serve锛濡寰灏卞氨借В讹ｄ涓炬村卞氨浣浜存璇瀹瑙ｉ剁涓锛搴璇ヨ拷姹浣跨ㄦ灏姣濡椤垮瀛绠锛灏辫冻浠ヨВ跺绉璞 浠ュ氨娌″瑕璁や负姣釜╀姣釜杩ㄨ芥瀹繁规憋ㄧ浣姝瀹瑙ｉ澶ц舵锛浠浠瑙ｆ澶ц朵浼骞崇芥璁╀浜浜浜

璁や负′芥涓锛浜烘缁村哄瀛缁寸规涓绉瀛浼绉瀛缁达浣绉瀛涔浜猴瀛跺涔浼虹璁烘ャ绌舵剧杩涓涓璁烘璇锛夸句釜瀛璁╁璇ゆ璇朵腑浜瀛璁虹锛姣濡浜ф哀姘负浜璁╁ㄧ╁煎糕浜轰50%棰杩涓绌惰╃瀛瀛扮瀛ュ杩涓璇锛缁濡缁浠浠冻澶澶堕存锛绉瀛绛锛璇粹楂杈锯锛充瀵圭瀛瑕姹涓ユ肩搴15%

浣瑙瀹蹇椤诲ㄤ绉涓浣哄ゆ绉瀛绛灏变涓29%

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