英语语法 被动语态的用法

当我们把重点放在动作本身上时，就用到了被动语态，这时，谁，如何执行的动作就不是那么重要了。

看例子： My bike was stolen.

这句话的重点是我的bike被偷了，但是谁偷的我不知道。

有时候被动语态要比主动语态的表达更礼貌些。

看句子： A mistake was made.

在这里，我关注的是事实，一个错误。我没有责备任何人，因为我没说是你犯的错误。

被动语态的形式是主语+to be+动词的过去分词:

A letter was written.

主动语态的句子改写成被动语态的句子时，要注意以下几点：

主动语态句子中的宾语变成被动语态句子中的主语。

动词要变成to be+过去分词形式

主动语态句子中的主语变成被动语态句子中的宾语，或者被省略。

认真阅读以下例句：

Linda writes a letter.

A letter is written by Linda.

Linda wrote a letter.

A letter was written by Linda.

Linda has written a letter.

A letter has been written by Linda.

Linda will write a letter.

A letter will be written by Linda.

Linda can write a letter.

A letter can be written by Linda.

Linda is writing a letter.

A letter is being written by Linda.

Linda was writing a letter.

A letter was being written by Linda.

Linda had written a letter.

A letter had been written by Linda.

Linda will have written a letter.

A letter will have been written by Linda.

Linda would write a letter.

A letter would be written by Linda.

Linda would have written a letter.

A letter would have been written by Linda.

如果主动语态句子中有个2个宾语， 那么，改写成被动语态时一个宾语变成主语，另外一个还继续作宾语。

Linda wrote a letterto me.

A letter was writtento meby Linda.

至于把哪一个宾语改做主语，要看你要强调的是什么：

I was written a letter by Linda. 看到了吗？

by后面的内容，在句子中并不雅观，所以，大多数情况下都是被省略的。

主动语态句子中的宾语变成被动语态句子中的主语，是非常常见的：

They build houses. – Houses are built.

当遇到动词后面没有宾语时，比如不及物动词，如何变成被动语态呢？

.这时通常会用到另外一个结构：

he says – it is said

不过只有感官动词可以，比如 say, think和 know。

They say that women live longer than men.

变成 It is said that women live longer than men.

当然也可以变成： Women are said to live longer than men.

有2个宾语时：

Rachel will give yousome advice.

改成：Some advice will be given to you. 直接宾语做主语，这时间接宾语前要加to,原来的主语省略，当然也可以不省略。

或者：You will be given some advice 间接宾语做主语，动词变被动，后面紧跟原来的直接宾语，原来的主语通常被省略。

给大家几个句子做练习，把它们改成上面的2种被动形式。

I sent hima letter.

The police officer showed usthe way.

Our neighbour gave mea lift.

We have asked hima favour.

They did not offer hera seat. 欢迎大家留言。

想过你为什么没学好英语吗？

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