瀵绘捐涓板撅

璺测杩涓О兼冲澶у涓浼锛ㄥ㈣糠璺涓涔濂浜浣涓绠℃璺测锛澶у颁汉板涔捐捣涓瑗挎ュ苟涓瑕澶澶寮扮涔濂斤惧版瑰涓涔缃戒绠伴剧浜涓锛浜跺锛浠抽戒瑕肩甯涔芥惧扮涓瑗库澶╅瀹跺氨浼釜寰涓ラ

杩绉瀹浣藉褰朵涓汉绫荤涓╋浜轰滑寰╁氨锛寰澶ㄧ╅借藉璁颁绉浣缃涔板╃ㄤㄧ╃瀹浣藉锛浠╃椹ㄧ╁濮锛伴┈㈣缁绉ㄧ╄〃婕锛浠ュ瀹堕璁╁╃涔楗瑙ｅ冲绛绛灏界濡姝わ村颁涓绾锛浜轰滑寮濮娓浜瑙ｄ浜哄ㄧ╄绉藉哄躲浠骞寸璇鸿灏瀛诲濂涓浜浜绾堪路濂ュ哄か锛John OKeefe锛锛涓浜浜姊-甯孤疯娉斤May-Britt Moser锛卞痉疯娉斤Edvard I. Moser锛锛渚挎负浜琛ㄥ桨浠浠ㄦ绱㈣绉藉杩绋涓虹璐＄[1]ｄ涓㈡浠堕村颁涓绾腑锛娓╀涓浠浠绱с

浠ワ板锛

村颁涓绾腑锛充ㄧ╀负浠涔藉璁颁浜瑰浣缃绉瀛浠舵寰澶娴杩浜娴澶ц村浠ュ涓轰袱涓娲俱涓娲捐涓猴ㄧ╁ㄦ翠釜绱㈣绋涓颁绉烘锛姣濡伴㈠纰锛锛浼哄绉搴锛姣濡匡杩涓规烘哄搴杩绋锛圭被浼煎反澶跺ㄧ╁ㄥ澶绱腑锛变绉绱锛浠诲＄堕存寸寰颁朵濂变绫伙浣垮涔涓绯诲姝ｇ‘搴寰板寮恒缁灏辨ㄧ╅杩靛惊涔ｄ琚寮轰搴锛璁颁浜瑕瀹浠诲°杩涓娲炬浠涓搴娲锯涓浠稿涓娲惧璁や负锛ㄧ╄界跺ㄦ绱㈣绋涓板绉烘锛浣瀹藉浠浜烘寰扮淇℃患璧锋ワㄨ涓轰寮板撅杩绉缁跺板剧琛涓鸿濂辨炽涔板辩琛涓猴涓澶涔濂变х板惧拌揪扮娉宸层浠浠ョ浠浠板炬淳[2]锛瑙1锛

浜轰滑╁凡ㄨ缁澶ч瀹绉缁瀹浠诲★蛋杩峰娓告吵绛绛锛跺杩朵姣濡缁涓缁濂便瑰涓硅糠瀹锛锛瀵瑰ㄧ╁浣琛涓虹绉虹杩琛绌躲界跺凡涓浜ㄧ╄涓哄瀹楠琛ㄦ板炬淳浼间搴娲锯磋创杩瀹碉姣瑰充娇ㄦ绱㈣糠瀹跺娌℃浠讳濂憋涓ㄦ娆℃绱㈡跺ㄧ规句椋╄澶ч璇锛ㄤ瀹楠涓璺缁圭堕村氨浼澶у浣惧杞昏溅璺堕搴宠藉璧朵涔姣绱㈤借芥惧伴╃澶ч锛[2]绫讳技杩锋板炬淳瀛瀹楠杩涓浜锛浣浠剁己涔抽х瀛

娴烽┈浣浣缃

璇村扮瀛濂界杩浜存璁板ㄧ╃娲诲ㄤ浜轰滑╁氨ラ锛绁缁俊涔绉典俊锛浠ョㄧ垫ユ缁缁缁娲诲ㄧ舵ㄦヨ瀵娲讳ㄧ╄缁缁规ㄤ涓绾骞翠唬涔宸茬浜锛瑁寰缁垫哄骇哄ㄥㄧ╅楠ㄤ锛跺垫浼歌瀵瑰浣缃ユ苟璁板[3]涓杩崇ㄧ垫璁板涓娲诲蹇椤诲缂╁琛

ｄ锛稿浜涔涓蹇ヨ锛涓娌℃哄跺骞翠唬浜轰滑宸茬ラ锛濡榧娴烽┈浣璇锛璁板浼虹锛搴扮澧藉涔浼瑰[4]ｆ舵捣椹瀹楠璁捐涓昏杩ㄧ╀浜绠烘锛ㄧ╁浜ㄤ锛缁缁浼浠涔风搴杩风璁捐ㄥ跺凡灞涓锛涔寰浜瑙锛浜轰滑浜娴烽┈浣涓浜缁浼瀵瑰瑰烘哄搴绛绛[5]惰锛杩风缁杩杩涓瓒充互瑙ｉㄧ╃瀹浣藉锛ゆ板炬淳璺搴娲锯釜磋创杩瀹

褰跺ㄤ鸡ぇ瀛㈢OKeefeㄤ绋寰逛瀹楠璁捐锛浠娴捣椹ㄥぇ榧富轰琛涓烘剁娲诲ㄦ点瀹楠璁捐骞朵澶锛澶ч惧ㄤ涓㈢ㄥ甯瀛翠涓浣缃璁╁卞拌蛋璧般惰锛杩绉ㄥㄧ╄涓哄瀹楠涓ㄦ椿ㄦ电璁捐锛ㄤ涔病浜哄杩涓锛涓烘病跺ぇ榧琛灏辨崇娴宸ヤ灏濂芥璋ユ楸艰璋ラ奔缂搁楸硷绘村伴句浜涓枫浠1971骞OKeefe绗娆″琛ㄧ瀹楠缁涔浠ョ猴浠褰舵诲辨娴烽┈浣涓76涓锛朵腑35涓芥瑰烘搴锛浜借澶ч杩ㄧ稿宠锛杩涓ょ缁ㄤ绠烘瀹楠涓凡缁浜轰滑锛惰锛杩8涓娲诲ㄦ靛浠瑙娴扮瀹浠ㄥぇ榧浣浜涓瑰浣缃苟㈠瑰瑰跺浼寰瑰椿璺OKeefe杩浜缁绉颁浣缃[6]杩8涓姝ｅソ缁板炬淳璁烘渚浜抽虹

绱㈠濂冲帮瀵绘捐

ㄩ娆″浣缃涔OKeefe渚垮濮浜涓绯诲稿崇瀹楠杩浜绌朵归㈡负浜纭浣缃娲诲ㄧ跺电‘瀹璺ㄧ╂澶浣缃斥姣绔澶浣缃杩涓蹇典澶у绠烘涓浜浠ヨ杩涓蹇典缁缁娲诲ㄨ绯昏捣ワ澶у涔浼翠负璋ㄦ浜涓归杩瑕绛涓浜伴锛姣濡浣缃璺瀹浣缃寸崇郴绌剁浼浠涔绱褰卞濡绉婚やｄ褰卞浼浠涔绛绛

杩璁板村浣缃锛OKeefe娴姣釜浣缃芥瀹浠搴瀹浣缃褰澶ч浣浜ｄ浣缃跺锛瀵瑰浣缃灏变瑰椿璺锛涓浣缃瀵瑰瀹浣缃苟涓瀹ㄤ达姣濡杩涓涓搴涓瑙锛ｄ涓搴瑗胯竟澧澹绛绛[7]濡涓浣缃瀵瑰瀹浣缃璧锋ョ璇锛灏辫藉烘翠釜㈠璇璇达杩浜浣缃ㄥぇ榧涓诲轰涓寮板撅杩寰澶浣缃娲诲ㄦ碉澶ч灏辨娉ラ繁ㄨ浠涔版广浜瀹涓锛宠瀹楠藉浠ヤ瑙瀵锛杩娴涓缃娲诲灏辫藉ぇ存娴哄ぇ榧褰ㄧ浣缃涓涓褰瀵璁板骞朵浼宸澶锛瑙2锛

浣1971骞寸瀹楠变堕村寰澶缁娲诲ㄦ板ソ涓ぇ榧浜ㄤ扮烘搁锛杩蜂ヤ究娉纭瀹浠缃锛戒涓浜甯镐瀹浼拌姝ゅ变欢夸娴堕达OKeefe寰浠ユ村纭颁及璁℃捣椹涓缃姣渚浠锛浣缃浠ュ版捣椹涓浜瑰哄涓涔涓颁涔澶杩涔灏辫涓姝ョ‘瀹浜娴烽┈浣浣涓鸿涓板剧抽颁

ㄥ画瀹楠锛OKeefe杩瀵瑰ぇ榧ㄧ杩ㄧ蹇╄琛浜涓绯诲瑰锛朵澧浜瀹楠娆℃颁互缁锋[8]浠锛澶ч浣缃瀵瑰板句缃璺娴烽┈浣涓浣缃技涔病崇郴涔灏辨锛娴烽┈浣涓搁荤缁锛跺搴板句缃搁伙涔浜躲惰锛浣缃诲虹杩寮板句фぇ榧缁煎浜绉瀹淇℃缁锛濡澧锛伴㈣绉蹇╂翠釜琚杞璇锛板句浼璺杞濡淇伴杞绉蹇╃璇锛浜浣缃瀵瑰浣缃璺杞充娇胯蛋涓浜蹇╋浜浣缃涔浠惰戒瀵瑰浣缃瑕璁告╁ぇ澶уｄ涓寮濮跺板句浼璺琚浼革绛绛辨瑙锛浣缃涓ㄧ╁浣瀹浣繁ㄧ澧寰澶х崇郴

存浜ㄦ涓蹇╁ㄩㄦ胯蛋锛璁╁ぇ榧娌℃ㄦ瀹淇℃‘瀹繁浣缃朵涓芥剧‘瀹繁澶浜扮澧跺OKeefeㄨ浜瀹楠锛浠惰藉瑙瀵板ぇ榧浣缃诲虹板撅涓浜浣缃搴寰村己浜[9]界跺澶跺锛杩寮涓板炬у瑰剧锛浣绠℃瑰锛澶ч浠朵х板撅寰涓㈡璇剧杩椋╃缁广杩灏辫浣缃涓浠藉诲哄板撅杩藉板捐褰涓ヤ涓哄ぇ榧琛ㄥ浜杩涓绉缁璺璁板借绯诲颁涓璧枫

濡蹇╃稿浣缃瑰ぇ锛澶у舰舵浜寰澶у锛澶ч浼涓浼惧板惧瀹楠璇绛妗姣濡璇达澶ч褰㈢舵瑰涔绉浣缃瀵瑰哄灏变娓锛у板炬㈡㈣琛淇逛枫涓娈垫堕翠涓板惧氨琚圭绘浜扮锛涔灏卞浜瀹璁よ扮澧杩绋充娇瀛浜板板句澶ч惧х澧灏变锛瀹骞舵病у板剧蹇[10]杩浜瀹楠涔杩涓姝ヨ锛浣缃ㄥㄧ╃璁ょュ璁板戒寸‘瀹浜稿瑕瑙层

OKeefe骞寸杩涓绯诲瀹楠锛涓浣缁板炬淳渚浜稿寮哄ぇ瀛杩澶уぇ浜轰滑璁よ颁缃浠ュ娴烽┈浣ㄥㄧ╄ャ瀛璁板涓璧峰扮浣ㄣ浠ㄤ骞翠唬琛ㄧ稿崇绌舵寤虹璧疯浜涔寸绯讳寰澶绉瀛涔寮濮浜杩归㈢朵绌讹姣濡浣缃板颁涔瑙褰卞ㄧ╂捣椹涓缃藉浣ㄧ绛浠ヨ锛绁缁瀛涓涓伴灏遍浣缃锛娓杩ヤ绉瀛瑙

缁跺板剧N绉规

堕翠30骞村氨杩浜锛颁绾浜ょ跺锛OKeefe寮杩涓锛浠浠ュョ朵绁缁瀛浠凡缁浜稿瑙惰锛瑕胯浜绌舵ラ交瑙ｉ绌洪磋ユ璁板斤杩惧杩杩涓瓒炽浠涓杩寮板句舵惧浜绮绯浠渚灏哄板蜂璺借娌℃璇绀哄烘ャ涓涓村ぇ璺板剧淇℃ユ筹娴烽┈浣韩骞朵涓存澶瑙淇″哄锛涓涔瀹楠璇瀹瀵瑰绯诲澶瑕缁辫瀹存搁荤川ュｄ锛娴烽┈浣浣缃淇℃浠川寰扮淇″板涔崇郴浠界舵惧颁板撅浣杩寮板惧板诲烘ョ锛翠舵病寮姐

澶骞村涓凤绉瀛浠充浠朵锛绉涓炽澶у颁汉璁や负锛川淇″姣杈濮锛韩骞朵涔浣缃俊浣缃淇℃芥捣椹繁浜х锛捣椹涓浜哄绁缁朵川淇″涔绠烘ョ缁涔灏颁汉璁や负锛川淇″跺宸茬浜稿绋搴宸ワ骞堕ｄ濮锛稿搴锛浣缃淇℃涓ㄦ捣椹骇归界己涔瀛涓诲骇绉瀛浠界跺ㄦ捣椹涓惧颁璐璐ｆ跺川浼ョ澶чㄥ淇℃瑰哄锛浠ヤ汉颁稿村锛锛浣杩娌℃璇涓哄灏辨缃淇℃姝ｆユ锛涓诲澶ヤ俊绉瀛存病惧版捣椹涔澶界淇″ユユ繁虫

May-Britt MoserEdvard I. Moser杩瀵瑰か濡灏辨捐В宠涓浼澶绉瀛涓涓や浠浠ㄦ昏澹村氨宸茬濮瑙捣椹锛版绉澶у浠绘涔氨ュ颁缃淇℃ユ绱涓涓轰纭绱㈢瑰锛浠浠璁捐浜涓涓楠浜ワ杩涓冲瀹ㄦ稿瑕ㄨ╀互瑰澶уㄦ捣椹涓澶чㄥ淇″ㄥ村锛瀹浠捣椹涓缃ㄥ朵ㄥ杩锛跺瀵浣缃芥甯稿伐浣缁琛ㄦ界跺ぇ榧璁板浣缃藉浜纰锛浣浣缃韩杈ㄨ浣缃娲诲ㄥ苟娌℃板灏褰卞[11]界惰涓缁璁烘娉瀹ㄥ褰跺ぇ澶颁汉骇璇达浣缃浠舵介杩朵寰寰濮淇″锛骞惰璁＄澶浜х淇℃锛浣浠舵涓灏涔姝ｆ轰涓璁猴Moser澶寮濮ㄦ捣椹浠ュ瀵绘句缃淇℃界ユ褰浠浠川涓浣缃淇″讹浜涓绉瀵硅薄

Moser澶ㄥ川涓缁涔浠ヨ瀵硅薄锛涓哄舵椿ㄤ璺澶чㄤ缃筹浣瀹浠娴烽┈浣涓浣缃涓涓瑕哄浣缃甯稿搴瀹哄涓锛灏颁瀵瑰涓ゅ锛浣川涓浣缃寰寰濂藉瀵瑰哄锛浜戒绋缃浣涓绠℃凤杩涓缁2004骞村琛ㄤ浠ョ‘瀹川涓杩浜缁涔涓瀹浣缃俊杩灏辨崇澶ヤ俊冲芥纭锛娴烽┈浣涓缃寰寰芥凡缁涓瀹宸ュ淇℃[12]

ワ杩浼间氨瓒冲绛虹浜锛浣Moser澶涓ョ瀹楠浜涓浠舵存瓒ｇ浜

娌℃姣渚灏虹板句ソ板

浠OKeefe寮濮锛澶уㄧ绌朵缃跺锛缁澶ч缓戒瑰ぇ锛Moser澶涓寮濮峰姝ゃ瀵瑰哄涓澶跺锛灏涓骞舵病澶ぇ锛浣扮浣缃瀵瑰哄澶板ソ涓灏渚淇℃氨姣杈浜寰澶哄ㄨ涓剧ず轰涓ㄥ锛翠ㄨ哄涓哄涔寸崇郴浜浜Moser澶渚垮ㄥ画瀹楠涓轰姣澶у澶渚澶ч娲诲ㄣ杩锛モ浣缃瀵瑰哄у缃肩褰㈠锛㈣涔锛瀹浠搴骞朵涓涓瑰哄锛村绛磋哄缁缃笺灏辫凤杩浜川浣缃浜瀹浠ㄧ瀛缃肩[13]锛瑙3锛

Moser澶绌惰〃浣浜川涓浣缃缃肩锛跺搴缃奸磋浠ュ姣釜肩圭澶у涓稿锛涓褰杞澧跺锛缃肩瑰涔浼璺杞濡灏澶ч惧ㄨ涓锛跺藉充锛灏变充娇ㄩ涓澶ч缃肩浠惰藉淇瀹浠搴缃间澶灏杩浜ц川借浣缃缁板鹃甯哥镐技[14]

惰锛澶ч捐涓涓喘扮澧涔璁板琛ㄦ缃肩浼间瑕绱ㄨョ澧涔诲氨藉缓绔璧锋扮缃兼[13]杩璇存肩浼间韩灏辨褰㈡缃肩瓒匡骞朵瑕╁瑙杩ㄤョ淇″ュ杩蜂ワ缃肩渚胯藉ㄥㄧ╃扮澧跺锛渚蹇瑕璺绂讳俊浠ヨ锛浠浠ㄥ捐涓板炬ユ杩绋涓杩寮板句ヨ颁姣渚灏哄缁含缃笺

OKeefe瀵逛缃绌朵村ㄧ户缁涓烘浜浣缃瀵瑰浣缃涓ら㈠璺绂绘筹浜轰杩浜缁涓涓界淇℃ユ锛澶ч涓芥涓浜涓ㄧㄤ澹绛杈圭璺绂荤缁锛浠绠″浠杈圭缁锛杩浜浣缃瀵瑰浣缃杩瀵硅浜杈圭缁淇″杩琛璁＄[15]ㄦ轰杈圭缁杩涓璇翠OKeefeMoser澶[16]浠ュ朵绉瀛[17]棰绉㈤锛藉ㄦ捣椹ㄥ寸涓哄惧颁杩风缁灏辫凤涓板句扮杈圭琚句烘ャ

ゅ浣缃缃肩杈圭缁浠ュ锛绾界害宸绔澶уJames Ranck杩惧颁涓绉璺涓板剧稿崇缁瀹浠娲诲ㄥ璺澶ч琚筹浜绉颁澶撮ㄦ瑰缁[18]锛杩涔灏辨浜涓板句杩涓锛冲浠涓杩寮板撅浠ヨ绠句瀹锛娓妤寰澶浜

灏缁绱

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杩袱浣璇鸿灏瀛诲濂濮浼绉瀛缁锛浜朵缁妗跺苟瀵规扮璧杩琛浜涓瀹╂寸浠ュ╁

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充芥ф哥辨fMRI锛涔浠ュ瑙宸澶уｅ颁ュ″诲㈢浠缁锛 http://fmri.ucsd.edu/Research/whatisfmri.html

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充浼瀛optogenetics锛涔浠ュ瑙楹荤宸ュ㈢浠缁缃椤靛瑙棰锛 http://video.mit.edu/watch/optogenetics-controlling-the-brain-with-light-7659/

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