浜虹濡婊℃锝疯韩璁ょョ璇诲"

灏锛寰俊锛yosumn锛璇达浣ㄧ娲讳腑璇杩瑙汉涓涓ㄤ锛浣灏辩ラta涓ヨ骞插浜锛濡杩绉碉跺浣涔璇诲

淇ヨ锛璇诲绉搴浜哄舵娲诲ㄣ

瀛锛Alvin Goldman 灏璇诲涔涓猴轰变涓涓跺舵浜х淇″康涔涓涓绉浜跺娲诲ㄣ涓濡㈡㈣В锛濂虫昏革

璇诲腑涓や釜涓洪瑕璁烘娲炬

1. 妯′豢璁猴simulation theory锛

妯′豢璁鸿涓猴璇诲濂ョㄤ韬板颁汉瑙搴锛繁ㄥ圭澧涓浼风琛浠杩杩绉棰娴ヨ汉蹇舵

姣硅锛浣ㄩ瑕瑙ｅ充涓锛濡浣ㄥ伴涓村揩版惧板骇浣锛杩跺锛浣绛ュ氨瑕浣繁璁炬涓涓冲涓杞涔瀹杩繁冲涓杞朵虹琛渚濡璋翠负棰绻扮绀虹骞剁Щㄨ韩浣锛璋寮濮寸繁涓瑗裤琛ュ绛绛锛ラ娴璋灏涓杞

2. 璁鸿锛theory-theory锛

璁鸿璁や负锛璇诲川涓绉璁恒浜轰滑浠ㄦュ父娲讳腑瑙瀵绉娲荤璞＄杩绋涓娓板瑰诲轰绉寸璁衡锛Na?ve Theory锛ュ府╄韩村ソ拌В杩浜璞°

璇诲涓澶涔姝ゃ涓句璇达

宸ヤ撮浣缁父板浜稿琚炬烘冲哥锛涔涔涔锛浣褰㈡浜涓绉绠璁衡锛ㄥ伐村浜浠稿琚灏辨宠界浜褰浣ㄤ颁浜ㄥ伐存稿琚锛浣灏卞浠ヤ涓璁衡ユ瀵艰轰虫

ㄥ瀛绌惰璇诲甯轰娲ユ触涔ｇ琚璇诲灏界稿锛浠绉绋搴ヨ锛璁鸿浼间存杩浠够充腑璇诲蹇瀛璇诲跺ㄦュ父娲讳腑搴ㄥ箍娉锛瀹甯╂浠村ソ颁氦寰镐浣锛骞朵寤虹璧蜂翰瀵崇郴

渚濡锛ㄧ垫撮浠璇诲汉撅褰汉浼告讹浠棰娴浠虫垫惧虹┖达浜哄渚ч崇浠借涓虹垫浜轰汉绌洪磋绂诲お杩绛绛杩绉朵诲ㄨ璇讳浜烘崇藉姝ｆ璇绀句娲诲浠ュ欢缁瑕淇

浼缁蹇瀛璁ょョ瀛涓猴韬瀵逛瑙ｄ汉绫诲舵璁ょュ苟涓瑕锛浜虹被璁ょヨ藉蹇舵浠ョ浜蜂韬瀛ㄣ姣濡锛褰浠涓板杩绠讹浠╄韩浣涓浠讳ㄤ灏卞浠ュ璁＄2*3=6跺浠涓瀹瑕寮ユ帮浠讳哄姝ｅ父浜洪藉浠ラ杩璋璁板ュ杩涓楠ゃ

ㄧ澶у扮璁ょユ椿ㄤ腑锛韬浠荤浣ㄤ浠跺渚濡０炽惧绘崇绛锛鸿澶锛渚濡烘杩ㄣ璇磋绛绛锛锛杩绉宸ュ锋х藉烘藉浠ヨ朵浜哄伐璁惧夸唬锛渚濡╁ㄣ绫荤杈╂уㄦ姝や缁璁哄惧浜涓鸿ュ藉韬娌℃蹇剁绯伙韬ㄨヤ腑芥╂х

疯韩璁ょモ虹浜杩绉娉锛浠浠涓鸿ユ椿ㄥ褰涓汉绫昏韩浣╃瑰稿筹浠浠涓轰缁璁ょョ瀛浜ョ瀹涔杩浜锛洪瑕ㄨ涓哄ヨ涓板涔璁ょャ

渚濡锛垮浣绌舵澶т杩浜疯韩璁ょヨ涓板寸绌舵瑰灞McNeill跨杩ㄤ浠楂浜浜ゆ锛杩甯浠璇ㄨㄦ跨杩绋涓夸璇ㄧ烘ㄤ锛涓轰涓绉璇瀛涓风绗

姝ゅ浠浠ュぇ╀汉璁茶锛濡ㄨ璇杩绋涓浣浠锛浠浠父浼锛涓烘ぇ╀汉ㄨ璇杩绋涓父杩夸杈惧朵腑瑷澶涔瑙棰锛

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hxu50kiDVGc锛

Donald磋涓姝ヨ涓猴韬ㄩ澧绉璁ょュ歌浇锛offload锛瑰娉璁ょュ歌浇ㄨ蹇杩绋涓ㄦ浠韬ラ浣蹇璐峰苟绠璁ょュ杩绋锛

瑕瑙ｈ涓癸宠捣浠涓甯缁浠烘瀹寰杩蜂韬ㄤ褰㈣薄瑙ｉ锛浠浣涓涓╃瀹璁板惧害锛浠杈惧颁璁ょュ歌浇

绉绉绌惰〃ㄤ缁绌朵腑句互澶蹇璞¤技涔╀╃瑰绱у绯汇杩涔ワ璇诲绉浼奸句互涓涓锛涔涓澶涔绉瀵硅韩浣淇℃璇汇

涓琛璇荤╁濂借靛奖涓涔舵璇诲锛疯韩璁ょョ瑙ｄ璇诲ぉ澶╁ㄦ浠ュ父娲讳腑浠浜寸镐扮轰瀹ㄥ绮惧僵锛浜轰滑朵诲板ㄩ璇荤浠蹇舵

浜轰滑寰寰峰寮虹娴灞娆¤蹇藉璋娴灞娆＄璇诲浜烘涓璇讳浜烘虫绐ヤ己浠浜哄娲诲ㄧ藉锛绉浠ラ璇讳浜哄ㄦ猴intention锛藉杩绉藉浣挎浠ㄧ娲讳腑藉棰ヤ浜轰涓姝ョㄥ浠村ソ板涓ㄦ垮遍┿

浠ユ涓轰锛褰浣浼告涓讳ヨ杩ㄧ缁郴缁宸茬瑙濂戒浣瑕拌揪浣缃杩浼间缁浼告跺娴烽淇℃杩朵腑灏卞璇诲颁浠浜哄涓撅骞朵棰ヤ浠浼灏浼稿颁涔浣缃

1. 浣琛ㄦㄦ夸璇磋

涓缁璁轰锛疯韩璁ょヨ涓鸿蹇绉蹇舵璧浜浠浜虹藉跺绉ㄧ存骞朵浠浠渚璧浜ヨ锛杩ㄧ郴缁淇℃虹涓娲诲浜轰滑规浠讳缃ヨ锛浠浠瑕颁浜虹琛涓哄冲椹ユ跺舵

涓涓渚瀛ョ焊涓炬剧锛浠浠讳璐杞界蹇娲诲ㄥ氨借轰浠蹭激缁炬浠ㄧх涓〃虹㈤ㄨ〃浠蹭激舵浼虹㈤ㄨ〃濡轰杈锛浠ㄥ璁鸿璇寸寤虹涓濂充缁璇荤璁衡锛浠瑕杩璇诲х涓搁ㄤ俊浠氨浠ュㄥぇ涓娲荤稿崇充蹭激妯″锛濡姝ゅ揩缁寰浜汉涓汉涔存涓虹歌╋╃缁锛濡锛缁锛锛ㄦ蹭激舵浠甯镐琛ㄧ烘涓虹镐技㈤ㄨ娲诲ㄣ

姝ら璇讳浜虹瑕璁板繁茬跺荤琛ㄦ灏卞浠ヤ锛瀹涓绉浣娆＄璁板锛

2.浣ㄤ姝ｅㄥ哄浣ㄦ

璁轰锛浠杩瑙瀵ㄤ灏辫介璇诲轰浜虹ㄦ恒

Marteniuk风被ㄤ浼舵缁涓瀵艰村ㄤ杞ㄨ抗瀹堕寸涓锋涓涓瀛锛涓锛剧疆绋冲Ε灏舵ヤ涓杩瀛锛跺堕淬ㄤ搴琛涓鸿建杩归戒稿涓

姝わㄨ瀵涓涓汉夸按跺锛浠瑕瑙瀵跺ㄤ寮濮舵灏卞浠ュゆ轰挎按ュ杩ㄦユ姘存臣ㄤ汉镐

杩瀵逛涓福锋ヨ缁瀵规涓ㄦ宸э缁寸瑙瀵烘浠ヨ浠韬茶澶чㄥ绐濡舵ョ琚烩锛跺杩涔涓ㄥ涔涔杩ㄥㄦ璧杩绋杩ㄧ宸э涓涓ソ杩ㄥ辨ョ涓己澶ц蹇甯锛

3. 绀句氦虫浣琛ㄦ

浜轰滑ㄥ浠浜鸿琛浜ㄧ典锛浼惧浜じ澶уㄤ灏哄害锛浣垮ㄤ瀹堕存撮匡骞搴村ぇ ゆ涓汉琛ㄦ缁浠浜虹涓涓瑕灏哄害灏辨瀵跺ㄤ骞搴じ寮Quesque 锛浜轰滑绀句ф句瑰浠ョ╀涓哄ㄤ涓ㄥ瀛瑰

?

浠瀹楠卞涓哄涓舵锛

锛a锛寮濮舵锛瀹楠寮濮锛绾㈣插ㄥ绘剧疆ㄩ杩澶璇锛灏浜猴浣缃澶璇锛灏浜猴浼达灏豢浜猴灏椋惧ㄨ韩瀹哄姝ゆ舵块村浼惧哄０筹濡版筹卞璇瀹璇ュㄤ锛濡筹卞浼存ュ

锛b锛澶舵锛澶璇瑕灏杩繁灏ㄥ绉诲颁腑蹇浣缃杩涓绋娌℃堕撮躲

锛c锛涓昏舵锛规ㄥ濮舵扮澹伴充锛澶璇浼撮瑕灏涓寸灏ㄥ绉诲拌竟涓

锛d锛缃舵锛澶璇灏杈圭灏ㄥ褰伴杩繁浣缃

浣涓昏瀵浜瀹楠澶舵

ㄥ楠寮濮舵澹伴冲ヤ澶璇ㄦ涓ョ娴璇涓瑕ㄤ富瑕舵绉诲ㄥㄥ锛姝ゅㄩ虫澧涓锛浠浼寸琛冲ㄦ绀句涓典浠诲★ㄤ虫澧涓锛浠瑕浼达姝ゆ跺ㄧぞ浼浜ㄣ

瀹楠锛ㄤ釜浜鸿ㄧ澧涓澶舵ㄤ瀹村揩搴舵寸ㄨ颁浜虹绀句澧涓璇ㄧЩㄥㄥ跺浼间绘夸堕村苟涓ㄤ翠负缂

4. 疯韩璁ょヨ蹇浜浠涔锛

楦℃堡璇浠缁冲璐ャ疯韩璁ょヨ蹇绉绋搴浣璇浜杩涓浼辫瀛瑷

疯韩璁ょョ璇诲绛ュ氨╃ㄥㄤ汉浠ㄨㄤ腑茬缁モ绐ヨ浣蹇锛杩绉缁璇荤藉淇璇浜ㄤ浠浜哄ㄧぞ浼浜ゅ涓版村ぇ浼匡浠规淮浼垮濮浠浠弧婊＄Н绱轰浜虹璐モ濡璇磋浜绻澶绌剁浣浠涔璇锛ｅ藉氨蹇瑙瀵娲讳腑缁锛瀹浠苟涓涓笺

-end-

浣锛pesemire绾堪灏肩瀛锛Institut Jean Nicod锛绉瀹涔锛

Ama et fac quod vis锛

McNeill, D., 1992, Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Donald, M., 1991, Origins of the Modern Mind: Three Stages in the Evolution of Culture and Cognition, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Marteniuk, R. G., MacKenzie, C. L., Jeannerod, M., Athenes, S., & Dugas, C., (1987), Constraints on human arm movement trajectories, Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie, 41(3), 365.

Hermsd?rfer, Joachim, Sophia Hentze, and Georg Goldenberg, "Spatial and kinematic features of apraxic movement depend on the mode of execution " Neuropsychologia 44.10 (2006): 1642-1652.

Hermsd?rfer, Joachim, et al. "Tool use without a tool: kinematic characteristics of pantomiming as compared to actual use and the effect of brain damage", Experimental brain research 218.2 (2012): 201-214.

Sartori, Roberta, et al. "Smad2 and 3 transcription factors control muscle mass in adulthood." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 296.6 (2009): C1248-C1257.

Quesque, Francois, and Yann Coello, " Perceiving what you intend to do from what you do: evidence for embodiment in social interactions. " Socioaffective neuroscience & psychology 5 (2015).

涓ヤ灏

涓瀵

瑙瀵涓涓浣韬竟浜虹ㄤ

Ta涓ヨ浠涔

卞蹇浜哄哄锛杞浇璇疯绯婚media@yoxinli.com