充寰疯涓虹涓涓革浣ラ锛

寰烽涓存汉浠虫敞涓涓腑蹇锛寰风朵涓存拷姹浜烘鹃垮插瀹躲╁瀹躲浜虹被瀛蹇瀛藉ㄨ惧瀵绘鹃寰风规锛崇瑙ｄ汉绫荤寰疯蹇靛浣灞烘ャ寰峰ゆ浣烘ョ浠ュ涓涓浠ュ缇やㄩ寰蜂楠涓浣宸

涓轰瑙ｄ汉浠ㄩ寰烽涓瀹讹蹇瀛浠甯镐ㄤ浜冲烘ョ澧ヨ楠浜轰滑渚濡锛浠浠涓绌剁浜洪复涓涓冲寰蜂袱惧板锛涓杈澶辨佃溅插5涓汉锛杩5涓规瀹杞澶涓涓建涓锛浣涓涓建涓涓涓汉浼虹诧浣浼杞ㄩ宠锛锛浠浠璇㈤绌剁蹇胯锛涓涓汉浠甯涔板ヤ楦★璺瀹т氦涔瀹锛浣瑙寰杩涓寰风锛杩杩浜绌讹蹇瀛纭浜轰滑寰风娲荤涓浜瑕璞★渚濡锛挎不涓姘涓绘淳淇瀹娲句技涔娲诲ㄤ涓锛瑙涔绾虫．路娴风癸Johnathon Haidt锛the righteous mind锛缁ф磋藉冲浠寰峰ゆ浠ュ寰疯搴锛moral license, 褰浠浜涓浠跺ソ浜涔浼瑙寰繁寰颁涓寰疯涓虹琛璇锛

惰锛ㄦュ父娲讳腑锛浠ｄ锋寰峰琛涓哄锛浠瀛绌朵腑琛ㄧ烘ョｆ峰锛杩锛寰峰界澶у蹇瀛澶硷Hoffman锛跺浜绐翠浼缁蹇瀛绌剁讹璋ヤ浜轰滑ㄦュ父娲讳腑瀹寰疯涓虹跺点浠浠杩绀句氦缃绔颁1252ヨ藉垮ぇ骞翠汉蹇胯锛杩虹搴ㄨ蒋浠舵ラ哄ㄤ堕寸规杩浜蹇胯锛璁╀浠绛涓绯诲寰风稿崇ㄣ绉瀛蹇涓琛ㄧ缁涓浠浠烘瀹浜瀹楠瀹ょ绌剁缁璁猴涔绀哄轰ュ父娲讳腑充寰疯涓虹7涓璞★

1.汉涓寰疯涓哄

璋ョ剧ず锛ㄤ汉浠涓汉ュ父浜ゆ涓村版浜瑙ｄ浜轰寰风琛涓猴浜瑙ｄ浜虹寰疯涓鸿灏寰澶杩涓姝ｅソ拌浜2004骞Dunbar烘ョ充gossip锛浣浜轰滑涔浠ョ镐氨负浜村ソ颁瑙ｄ浜虹浜哄锛浠垮ｄ娆㈡究杞繁涓浠虹浜恒涓轰绉绀句哄讹浠ヨ浜轰滑扮浠ュ浣浣浜浠涔匡涓瑕濂汉浠ㄨ杩浜杩琛稿颁

2.繁寰疯涓哄

ㄨ涓ヤ腑锛绌惰颁蹇胯繁涓寰风稿崇浜浠讹蹇胯瀵规绛琛ㄧ轰甯告剧锛self-bias锛锛繁濂戒惧浜繁涓寰疯涓恒杩涓ぞ浼蹇瀛腑涓绉锛浜轰滑版村虫敞浜繁濂界涓涓涓瑙涓峰瀹㈣拌瀵繁姝ｅ80%浜洪借寰繁哄楂浜兢浣骞冲姘村钩锛镐俊繁濂戒娆℃伴浜兢浣骞冲姘村钩浜猴涔楂浜50%

3.挎不绔哄藉冲浣寰疯

绾界害澶у规╁瀛㈡涔绾虫．?娴风硅骞寸绌惰〃浜虹被寰峰璇ュ崇/浼ゅ钩/涓钩蹇璇/涓蹇璇濞/浠绾/藉/杩釜缁村害锛挎不绔轰浜猴瀵硅浜缁村害瑙绋搴锛辨淳浼村虫敞浜钩/涓钩/杩淇瀹娲惧姣辨淳村虫敞浜璇/涓蹇璇濞/浠绾/斤ㄥ崇/浼ゅ杩涓淮搴涓ゆ淳镐技澶肩浜虹璋ョ浜杩涓缁璁猴辨淳ュ寰疯涓轰腑锛涓崇/浼ゅ钩/涓钩/杩澶锛淇瀹娲惧村版ュ浜璇/涓蹇璇濞/浠绾/芥归㈢寰疯涓恒

4.瀹淇′话涓褰卞浜轰滑寰疯涓

瀹涓寰风崇郴涓存杩风锛充袱崇郴绌跺ㄧぞ浼蹇瀛蹇涓澶х姣渚浣澶肩浜哄瀹淇′话瀹淇′话ュ寰蜂浠惰琛姣杈涔浠浠ㄧН寰疯涓轰捐宸浣瓒ｇ瀹浜哄＋ㄩ㈠寰蜂浠舵剁村己缁楠锛浠浠瀵硅繁涓寰疯涓鸿〃烘村己灏村艾讹瀵硅繁寰疯涓哄浼村楠插┿

5.濂戒涓澧骞哥锛琚濂戒琛

浠瀵煎濂戒挎堕甯镐璇达╀汉涓轰ｄ╀汉琛涓虹浼璁╁╀汉 涔锛娌℃杩涔绠澶肩浜鸿ョ缁剧ず锛姣璧蜂寰疯涓猴寰疯涓虹‘瀹涓垢绂镐即锛浣杩绉蹇骞堕ㄨ繁濂戒寮猴ㄨ浠浜衡┾跺浣濂戒纭╀蹇胯锛sense of purpose锛瑕璁╀汉婊℃锛杩澶濂戒裤

6.寰疯涓轰浼

寰蜂锛moral contagion锛锛冲寰疯涓轰涓富浣浼板涓涓富浣锛琚澶浜哄浣涓纰缇崇蹇甸浮姹わ涔剧辫璁稿浜鸿ㄩ澶肩浜虹杩涓ぇ瑙妯＄绌朵腑锛纭浜寰蜂璞★褰涓胯涓轰涓寰疯涓虹涔浠繁虹被浼煎涓剧芥т村ぇ杩涓ュ藉璇浠濂戒纭浠ヤ锛涓瑕浣

7.寰疯涓轰浣垮

褰浣繁杩涓浠跺ソ浜涔浣芥ф澧锛蹇瀛绌惰〃纭浼杩绉璞¤绉颁负寰疯璞★充汉浠ソ琛褰浣繁浠璁稿璇璐ｇ杩涓璞″ㄩ澶兼璋ョ蹇胯韬涔寰颁拌锛浠浠ㄥ浜涓涓寰疯涓轰哄ソ琛涓虹芥у氨涓浜锛哄琛涓虹芥у翠浜

澶肩浜鸿琛杩涓ぇ瑙妯¤ユぞ浼蹇瀛灏璇浣跨ㄦ虹Щㄧ杩琛绌剁姝ユ锛寮璧蜂朵绀句蹇瀛楂搴虫敞宸澶у蹇瀛郴拌タ?奸峰锛Jesse Graham锛璁や负锛澶肩杩涓绌惰寰风瀛绌惰蛋轰瀹楠瀹わ瑙ｄ汉浠姝ｉ寰风娲荤涓澶ф缇藉灏间澶у蹇瀛甯锋?璇烘锛Brian Nosek锛浠杩涓淇璋ㄦ涓烘绔杩浠寰风娲荤绮ヨ绋胯涓簿纭锛杩村锛瑕绌惰ㄤ绌朵腑杩涓姝ュ娓

Graham, J. (2014). Morality beyond the lab. Science, 345(6202), 1242. doi: 10.1126/science.1259500

Hofmann, W., Wisneski, D. C., Brandt, M. J., & Skitka, L. J. (2014). Morality in everyday life. Science, 345(6202), 1340-1343. doi: 10.1126/science.1251560

Benedict Carey (2014). In a Study, Text Messages Add Up to a Balance Sheet of Everyday Morality, NewYork Times, retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/12/science/a-window-into-everyday-morality-via-text-message.html