瓒寮鸿蹇婧ぇ寮甯革

2000骞存ユ浣楹跺颁涓灏ヨ浣濂冲＋靛欢杩浣濂冲＋灏?Jill Price锛锛姝ｅㄤ韩璁板甯ョ楹荤浜濂瑰ㄩ欢涓锛涓ヨ浠璇磋捣锛甯ㄨ藉府甯34宀锛浠11宀璧凤灏辨涓绉甯镐璁藉锛借浣寰澶浜瀹ㄤㄧュㄨ24骞存ュヨ锛灏卞浠ュ璇浣浠1974骞村颁澶╀寸浠讳涓澶╂浜浠涔锛浠ュｅぉ浠涔瑕浜

灏界瀵逛璇存琛ㄧず锛浠跺姝ゆ板ソ濂锛骞堕璇锋ュ板╃凹浜澶у娆ф＄涓涓绌朵腑蹇锛杩浠绌惰蹇绁缁虹版广涓涔灏辨2000骞624ワ璁夸绌朵腑蹇锛ｅぉ杩涓规浠甯哥‘瀹锛涓烘ヨユ璁板ㄤ瀹楠瀹ょュ涓浠蹇瑙帮ュ锛灏辫借浣涓

ㄧ涓娆￠㈣涓浠介甯歌皑璇炬惧版绉瀹㈣规ラ璇璁板堪瀹灏界娉椹稿濂规璇寸ｄ骞存т‘朵锛涓杩浠璁稿濂瑰虹浠ユュ澶т浠躲褰讹浠涓涓鸡?㈠℃Sharon Lucas锛椤20涓绾姣澶┿锛20th Century Day by Day锛褰卞版杩功涓轰杩涓惧勾ユぉㄧ界澶ф伴讳浠躲

浠20涓绾70骞翠唬寮濮涓鸿繁璁板瓒缇ょ璧峰堕淬褰浠ス锛1977骞816ュ浜浠涔讹濂硅绛锛涓浜跺浠ス锛1978骞66ラｅぉ浜浠涔锛濂瑰绛璇达ｄ澶╁╃凹浜宸杩浜舵夸骇绋13璁涓ユ1979骞525ワュ浜轰浠讹1991骞53ュ句缇с璞ㄦ╂ㄣ锛Dallas锛娆￠借界烘纭绛

浠杩ラス涓涓蜂浜浠跺ユ锛J.R[缇с璞ㄦ╂ㄣ涓?兼硷Larry Hagman锛瑙]惰锛娲惰瀵浠涔跺ㄨ妫舵浜缃寰峰凹?锛Rodney King锛1992骞存㈠ゅ抽榛浜虹寰峰凹?4戒汉璀缃浠寮浜娲舵村锛㈠杩浜锛峰绛濡娴ㄦ璇杩绋涓濂圭宠锛涔腑充1979骞寸介┗浼澶т娇棣浜鸿川辨轰浠剁ユ璇

界舵浠璇锛澶у芥浣搴楂浜浠讹浣借璧烽ｄ涓ｄ澶х浜浠躲濂硅藉纭蹇璧峰?缃锛Bing Crosby锛缇借哄澶╂锛瓒绾ф瓒绾х瓒绾у奖璇稿韬唤浜韬1977骞1014ユ浜タ涓瀹堕灏澶恒褰浠ス浣ラ跺锛濂瑰绛璇撮ｅ勾濂11宀锛褰跺ス濡濡姝ｅㄥ杞杞藉ス涓烘姒璧锛杞浇骞挎甯缃涓浜ㄥ澶涓娆′璋涓帮濂归杩瑙瑙璁板ユ锛濂硅锛褰颁涓ユ讹浠夸浠ョ板锛伴ｅ勾ｆｆモ

2003骞3涓娆¤璇涓濂瑰蹇浜23涓娲昏ユ锛浠ュ濂瑰ㄩｄ澶╁浜浜浠涔锛ㄥス蹇涓轰涓涓涔璁告涓哄ス瑰お浜猴涓杩澶娲昏с杩绠′澶骞寸ヨ锛浠稿浜濂硅杩璁稿璇浠杩璋ワ稿浜濂规崇浜虹娲荤蹇ㄩ涓娆′璋涓濂瑰纭拌轰涔浼璋ユ锛浠ュ姣浼璋涓浠缁

ㄧ‘淇℃纭ユヨ寮璁板藉浠崇ラ锛杩绉藉藉╁拌蹇朵归浠涓猴濂圭璁板骞堕惧蹇锛涓哄ス娉蹇璧锋ぉ缁浜浠剁缁锛涔涓娓繁ュ锛涓濂硅浼繁瑕浜娓涓ャゆ涔澶锛濂逛涓挎璁扮‖

界舵浠ュ蹇璧凤11宀涔浠讳涓澶╂锛浣瀵逛ス虹ョ涓澶╋濂瑰存病杩风藉浠ユ寮濮锛充戒腑ュ璁板锛寰锋楂搴缁с惰锛骞朵绮剧‘ㄦ浠瑙版锛杩娌℃浜虹绌惰杩绉璁板浠О涔涓衡瓒绾ц浣璁板锛highly superior autobiographical memory锛缂╁涓HSAM锛浠ㄨ涓姝ユ绌HSAM蹇瀛╁哄讹甯杩绌HSAM甯╂浠В寮璁板哄朵璋  

瓒绾ц蹇

规匡骞存ユ浠界ㄥA?JョО煎ス2006骞达浠琛ㄤ涓绡冲ス瓒绾ц蹇绔锛杩绡绔寮璧蜂骞挎虫敞ｄ骞寸419ュ20ワ浠浜缇藉卞箍靛涓妗ｈ2008骞达浜冲寮繁绁绉㈢罕锛琛ㄤ涓蹇褰涓浼蹇濂充汉锛The Woman Who Can't Forget锛

蹇褰虹澶涓浜璁や负繁ユ芥ユ镐技璁板浜猴涔浠寰浜绯汇杩涓绯诲涓ユ兼璇锛浠惧颁5ユHSAM涓2010骞1219ワ杩5涓汉瀹60锛60 Minutes锛藉ヤ鸡姣浜骞挎涓妗ｈ佃伴昏

ㄨ存涓堕锛浠跺颁灏欢锛淇¤璁や负繁涔ユHSAM锛澶╁锛欢伴存揪颁涓惧涔澶浠杩佃涓浜浜哄寰绯伙骞跺氨浣层挎不浜恒ャ虹涓杩澶т浠讹瀵逛浠琛浜

澶锛浠ㄧ绌朵腑蹇杩琛浜涓涓翠负姝ｅ娴璇锛浜涓HSAMユ骞撮镐豢胯浣涓哄х锛骞跺峰コ姣渚跺1:1ㄦ璇涓涓浜澹扮О繁瓒绾ц蹇浜鸿〃杩涓濡瀵圭х锛杩璇存界舵浜浜鸿涓鸿繁瓒绾ц浣璁板锛浣瀹靛苟濡姝ゃ

涓ワㄦ璇涓〃杩浜轰绛圭40澶娴璇瀵圭х浜涓椤规璇ㄨ娆℃璇涓浜鸿璇村洪洪瀹涓澶╂锛ｄ澶╁浜浠涔澶т锛浠ュ浠浠ㄩｄ澶╁浜浠涔缁剧ず锛杩40澶芥ユHSAM娴璇锛姣瀵圭х琛ㄧ寰鸿插澶

浠璁11琛ㄧ浼绉娴璇锛扮绌朵腑蹇杩涓姝ユ璇浠氨5椤逛釜浜虹杩琛浜灏绗澶┿澶у绗澶┿18宀ャ绂诲瀹跺绗涓锛浠ュ澶уㄨ璇ユ娴璇缁剧ず锛杩11娼HSAMユ寰杈惧颁85锛杩瓒瀵圭х8辨浠浠ヨ锛杩11骞撮浠27宀60宀涓绛娴璇ユHSAM

浠璇鹃杩涓绯诲璁板瀹楠ラ村HSAMユ8椤规璇涓HASMユㄤ袱椤规璇涓〃楂浜父浜猴涓椤规浜虹㈠涓瀵癸涓椤规蹇瑙杩╀浣ㄨ涓ら」娴璇缁涓HSAMユ瀵圭х缁╁樊涓绠浠杩澶涓浜瑰ヨ鲸HSAMユ姣濡锛ㄨ11HSAMユ涓5乏瀛杩涓姣渚澶уぇ楂浜钩姘村钩骞朵浠浠锋姣杈剧寮鸿揩瑰ㄤ瀵逛㈣讹浠浠藉轰涓浜寮鸿揩琛涓猴濡蹇椤诲涓汉╁惧ㄤ璧凤浠ュ娲绛

涓轰浜瑙HSAM锛浠瑕浜瑙ｄ涓存繁灞锛宠绉璁板宸ぇ宸炽纾辨MRI锛剧ず锛HASMユ澶ц涓涓哄涓剁宸锛杩浜哄拌川锛gray matter锛涓绉辩缁缁缁锛借川锛white matter锛卞瑁圭借层缁缂楂纾疯绁缁氦缁寸锛锛ㄩ㈢Н涓舰朵芥剁锛涓HSAMユ澶ц借川涓绁缁氦缁寸缁存╀ぇ哄寸淇℃

╂瀵瑰ぇ浜虹兢涓浜锛浠ュ轰辨姝ｇ靛灏璁＄烘positron-emission tomography锛PET锛绌惰〃HSAMユ寮浜父浜虹澶ц哄涓缁璺浠浠寮虹璁板瀵崇郴杩灏辨瀛璋浣璁板HSAM娴璇涓棰 锛temporal锛棰锛frontal cortex锛涔翠淇℃绁缁氦缁粹╂锛uncinate fascicle锛杩э瑕濂戒х杩椤归甯告瓒ｇ锛涓烘╂璇〃╂浼や存瀹宠浣璁板

褰讹浠瀹楠缁浠绀轰涓绉姐浠苟涓娓妤锛ぇ缁宸瀵艰翠瓒绾ц蹇虹锛杩绉璁板浣跨ㄥ浜澶ц缁涓轰寮娓杩涓癸浠瑕ラ锛瓒绾ц蹇ㄧ骞存ユ灏卞ㄣ濡杩绉璁板藉卞哄冲锛浠缁灏卞浠ユ娴稿冲哄惰锛浠ㄨ涓借瀹锛HSAMユ浜插ユ杩绉藉浼撮  

绁缁哄躲

浠浠ユ规锛瀵硅浜HSAMユ涓涓浜舵х缁璁恒棣锛HSAMユユ瓒＄璁板锛骞朵涓轰浠涓瑗挎朵浜烘磋交俱浜哄疯藉璁颁澶╁锛璀璇翠ㄤ娆¤绋涓伐浣浼璁浣杩浜璁板ㄥぇ绾ㄥ氨娑澶变HSAM涓翠凤浠浠璁板甯告涔

舵锛HSAMユ璁板绯荤锛骞堕褰辨烘褰虫洪ｆ凤浜宸ㄧ拌褰姣舵诲浜浠躲HSAMユ璁板锛涔涓S涓S灞卞ぇ?㈤浜锛Alexander Luria锛ㄣ璁板澶у蹇点锛The Mind of a Mnemonist锛涓涔腑扮涓浣甯告浜猴杩浣浜哄浠ヨ交瀛骞惰浣ぇ涓瑗匡姣濡璇存琛板涓锛HSAM涔涓ｄ璁板涓瀹垛ｄ浜轰澶ч璁宸э浠ヨ蹇ㄧ灏扮瑰涓涓浣板

界HSAMユ璁板涓Sｆ峰浠ヨ浣ぇ锛浣浠浠存弗兼ф堕存ヨ蹇涓锛杩绉藉浼间淇辨ワ涓瑕瀛浠璇HSAMユ锛寰澶芥涓澶╃澶╂涔绫荤锛浠浠涔借辨堕村绮惧澶杩风褰浠浠浣ラ杩浜锛浠浠绛涓芥灏辨ラ涓锛界朵浠娆㈠ユ涓瑰浜浠剁歌绯伙浣瀵逛繁虹涔浜锛浠浠存磋叮

HSAMユ甯搁甯稿娆㈣繁杩椤规解杩涓豹灏璧?璺?灏璧Jorge Luis Borges锛挎瑰环浣瀹讹琚涓轰瀹朵腑瀛锛浜诲己璁扮瀵锛Funes the Memorious锛涓绫讳技浜虹╁ㄤ

灏璧杩扮浜风锛涓澶╋瀵┈涓涓ワ姝ゅ渚挎ユ浜绮剧‘璁板涓缁藉锛浠宠寰浠瑙杩姣５涓涓姣瀛峰涓烘锛浠澶璁や负繁涓灏卞涓惧灏界璇浠濂硅涓鸿繁璁板璐锛浣澶уHSAMユ藉瀵硅娓拌蹇伴达浠浠浜涓绀句氦涔娌℃姝ゅ板奖浠浠腑涓浜浜虹宠ū涔锛姣濡婕涓藉?浜ㄧ撼锛Marilu Henner锛佃剁浜哄煎ф缃浼?褰煎锋锛Robert Petrella锛灏村璺涓?娆ф锛Louise Owen锛浠ュ靛伴绘ュ兼甯寰?濞寤Brad Williams锛芥HSAMユ

涓杩锛HSAMユ杩绉¤藉锛骞舵病浣胯浜浜哄ㄥ伐浣涓浜朵浜褰煎锋椴涔锛The Book of Bob锛涓涔㈣杞戒骞翠互ワ姣ぉ妫浜惰杩涓椤规ｏ涓涓 锛朵佃骞舵病浠讳崇郴

ㄧ绌HSAM讹绌朵汉浜璁稿充澶цユ¤藉绌躲1881骞达娉藉瀛娉板ゥ杩? 锛Th茅odule Ribot锛琛ㄦュ璁や负锛澶ц浼や褰卞拌蹇褰㈡锛х璁板浼淇杩锛垮ぇ楹灏澶у甯浼揪?绫冲绾筹Brenda Milner锛浠ヤ浣浜衡浜ㄥ?妫Henry Molaison锛绠绉H.M.锛涓哄璞★浜涓椤瑰х绌讹浜轰滑灞绀轰娉褰㈡扮涓汉璁板浼枫

涓烘不锛妫乏澶ц渚ч锛anterior medial temporal lobes锛借挎浜锛ｄ互浠涔ㄥけ浜褰㈡拌蹇藉锛灏界杩璁板浠跺濂芥锛浠绋搴蹇锛procedural memory锛绉板璁板锛涔灏辨充浠朵涓ㄤ绛濡浣璁板锛藉涔娌℃浠讳

辨锛涓涓ㄦ扮缁璁轰究璇浜锛澶ц涓绯荤璐璐ｄ绫诲璁板杩瀹ㄩ瑕浜╁瀵硅蹇绌躲HSAMユ瀵逛釜浜虹变浠舵ユ寮虹涓涔璁板杩涓板锛涔灏甯╂浠村ソ扮绌跺ぇㄥ璁板瑰磋В璁板濂ョ

璁板濂ョ

1885骞达蹇瀛璧?瀹捐豹Hermann Ebbinghaus锛绌惰〃澶琛涓哄澧寮鸿蹇杩锛缇藉椤垮ぇ瀛ｈ矾＄浜ㄥ?L?缃颁涓锛Henry L. Roediger III锛害澶у板?D?″锛Jeffrey D. Karpicke锛寮灞涓椤圭绌朵琛ㄦ缁父充╀楂璁板姘村钩

杩浜瀹楠璇浠璁板浠ラ杩澶寰版楂锛浜洪杩璁涔芥瓒寮虹璁板

惰锛浜虹澶ч涔锛涔寰捐揪HSAMユ姘村钩锛HSAMユ骞朵瑕涓烘浠娴璇浠讳澶杩澶骞寸绌讹楹锛浜轰滑寰寰瀵归瑕缁甯告繁荤拌薄锛浣HSAMユ杩涓浜骞寸浜借寰寰娓妤

灏界浠杩濯浣骞挎锛浣杩浠涓烘锛浠浠浠浠句涓浠绯荤浜轰腑锛轰杩50HSAMユ杩涓渚甯稿版浠娑浜虹兢涓灏ㄥ濡杩绉藉瀵逛汉绫荤瀛锛瀹涓藉姝ょ瑙璁革HSAM椤规剧浜虹被寰瑕锛浣ㄥ涔凡缁病ㄧ姐ㄥ板锋虹浠ュ锛浜虹被澶у杩澶村舰寮浠ｄ唬镐ㄩｄ釜朵唬锛涓涓蹇瓒缇ょ浜猴浼ㄥ杈涓ユ楂颁ㄧ浠ｇぞ浼锛杩绉楂搴缁璁板瀹ㄦ淳涓涓澶ぇㄥ恒鸿芥哄骞虫跨佃虹锛浣垮ユ瓒绾ц蹇浜猴灏卞ㄨ〃婕杩朵唬规

ㄦ筹ｄ浠ゅ哄璁ゅ涓HSAMユ娴璇锛寰芥ユ涓浜朵涓涓轰汉ョ璁板藉浠浠腑涓浜浜哄繁杩锛锋娓扮璁板锛涓杩娌℃HSAMユｆ凤浠ユユユ璁颁浠讹浠浠涓烘浠绌惰蹇锛渚浜涓涓扮瑙瑙

杩涓娆★浠绌跺璞★涓虹己凤濡瓒藉锛瀹灏卞哥浜汉绫昏蹇涔宸绁绉娈垮杩椤圭14骞村涓灏欢寮绌讹缁浠朵绌朵汉渚浜涓涓濂界轰锛璁╂浠浠ユ村ソ扮瑙ｄ汉绫荤澶ц绌剁峰伐浣

锛浣锛瑭瑰?L?楹/James L. McGaugh锛濂ヨ?娉㈠/Aurora LePort锛缈昏锛卞ぉ锛瀹℃★姣╁