╃瀛╁涓涓

ㄦ板╃瀛瀛涓缇ㄤ借薄涔涓娲浼璇ㄧ╁涓缇ユ浜ㄣ澶锋у澶с杩ュ琛ㄤ Nature Physics 涓绡璇璁烘绔璁や负锛╃瀛╁瀹跺缇涓娉锛村ソ扮瑙ｈ浜宸锛涓浠浼浣夸瀛寰寸揣瀵锛涔╀汉浠缓绔村ㄩ㈢借浣 Ben D. MacArthur 卞藉瀹】澶у诲㈠板㈡锛涔浠昏浜句鸡路剧电绌舵

版 | Ben D. MacArthur

璇 | 涓缁

瀹℃ | 规

褰杩釜瀛╁讹灏辫朵翰╃璇炬腑板寮虹稿浠╃甯肩扮瀹ｆ跺╃瀛涓ワ磋芥瑙板浠瑕锛浠夸涓绉ュョ稿浣稿涓浠浠浠界绉锛惰琚浜圭韩瑙瑙褰㈠笺瀵规ヨ锛杩浜褰㈠韩灏辨涓绉借薄缇涓绠″浠唬琛ㄤ涔锛瀹浠氨烘ｈ

ㄦ繁涔瀛浜板╃锛翠瑙ｄ杩浜圭锛浠ュ瀹浠浼杈炬存繁充缇惰锛繁浠惰瀹浠褰㈠稿锛浠跺娆㈠浠峰浜圭涓绉浠や汉骞宠　锛ㄨ瑙瀹＄腑琛瀹浠浠ｈ〃蹇电浼

瀹ㄤ璁や负杩绉稿ゆ锛瀹浠ｈ〃浜涓绉瀵瑰舰寮娆ｈ浜浜虹被瀵硅朵瑰绉搴锛镐俊寰澶浜洪芥杩绉瑙娆ｈ澶ф圭浠ｈ〃充缇瀹浠堪╃借薄涓锛瀹浠瑙瑙涔缇苟涓告ャ瀹浠芥ㄧ涓归镐宠歌告锛㈠璇璇达缇涓瀹遍归

1. 娆ф绉颁负缇

2014骞翠椤瑰充璧板缇绁缁╁绌朵腑[1]锛涓缁板瀹惰灞绀轰涓绯诲骞惰姹ゆ缇ц杩椤逛换℃讹浣跨ㄤ界辨娴姣釜涓澶ц娲诲浠ョ‘瀹褰板缇ユ讹澶ц哄娲昏点煎娉ㄦ瀵规板缇娆ｈ渚х堕A1烘椿ㄦ筹杩ぇ哄锛涓朵ユ濡瑙瑙烘充缇风稿炽灏ゅ惰娆℃璇圭涓í璺ㄦ板╃骞挎瀛锋浠拌版板╁锛订圭锛姝ゅ涓戒涓瀹界瑙ｆ圭

杩璇存界剁瑙ｅ缇涔村ㄦ稿筹浣杩绉宠骞朵瀹缇涓浜璇浼灏浠浠瀹ㄧ瑙ｇ圭纭涓虹ヨ板宸ヤ瀵圭х缁涔姝ゃ

杩浜瀹楠缁琛ㄦ瀵规板缇璁よ苟涓瀹ㄥ充ヨ瑙ｅ杩涓娓妤涓轰涔浼虹杩绉点涓绉芥浼缇圭锋涓绉骞宠　褰㈠澶钩搴革涔涓澶锛瀹绀轰涓浜娣卞瑕э浣璁哄浠瀹ㄧ瑙ｏ戒浼轰绉姝ｉ㈢璁╀汉浠版涓烘绉搴澶ц绁绉浜╃涓ㄥ锛浣涓充ㄨ娣规病涔璁告被浼艰风哄跺ㄦ灏跺稿颁圭缇锛璁╂涓帮界朵瑙ｅ浠浣瀹浠瀛ㄦ绀虹涓

姝ゅ浠绁绉璁╀汉版㈠村锛璁╀汉蹇涓瀹杩绉芥т瀹＄ゆ浠╂琛ㄨ揪[2]瑙逛淬涔灏辨锛浠娆㈠お绠涓瑗匡惰浜ワ涔涓娆㈠お杩澶涓瑗匡涓哄寰寰崇涓瑙ｃ

╃╀腑缇

╃瀛缁父瀵绘藉绠娲瑙ｉ瀹楠瑙娴缁缁涓瑙寰缁璁恒

ㄦ绱腑锛璁虹浼绠娲寰寰浼浣涓烘瀵煎璁稿╃瀛璁や负绠娲[3-5]浼甯ョ锛杩涓浠负浜淇锛轰绯诲瑙ｉ╁朵腑绠ｄ釜锛唬琛ㄤ涓绉规繁虹淇″康涓绉烘俊蹇碉灏界涓璧锋ュ澶锛浣涓瀹浼璋

ュ痉路璐规硷Richard Feynman锛ㄥ跺充╃瑙寰规х婕璁蹭腑锛瀵硅涓瑙硅琛浜荤锛浣浠ラ杩绠缇ヨ璇病缁瀛锛寰寰洪甯稿娴锛璧锋ヨ涓浣涓煎氨ラ涓瀵癸涓轰瀹告绘浣宠薄瑕寸[3]璐规煎缇浠や汉榧锛琛ㄨ揪涔寰‘锛濡浣璁や负涓锛ｈ杩娌℃姝ｇ‘瑙ｅ

杩绉瑙瑰苟娌℃渚╃瀛寰澶澶у锛烘芥ㄤ互缇负寮淇″康涓虹榛路灏硷Murray Gell-Mann锛捐帮1957骞翠浜浠澶ц版轰涓绉扮寮卞璁虹褰惰绉璁轰ぇ瀹楠璇哥撅浣涓烘浠涓哄濡姝ょ附锛浠ヤ瀹锛[4]ㄨ涓村ぇ涓诲涓锛缇浠浠ョㄦユ寮瀹锛宠借杩缁瑙瀵煎娉ㄦ缁瀹楠琚璇浠浜

2. 2020骞11虹Nature Physics灏杩澶浠璐ㄦユ寮绾缂

灏煎ぇ渚х堕川娣卞娲诲ㄥ浜瀵瑰瀹烘娲瑙浠瀵规板涔缇娆ｈ淇″康锛璇〃绉煎淇¤锛骞舵╀浠村ソ颁瑙ｄ瑙缇浠ヤ涓烘缁村寮

惰骞朵绉瀛借风

变界郴缁寮涔甯稿板锛告浜╃锛╁瀹跺寰村虫敞规碉瀵逛缇瑙蹇碉濡浼锛虫敞灏涔涓杩浼间崇缂轰宠薄锛灏╁褰缁颁绾绉瀛[6]浣杩绉茬奸钩╁瀹跺缁卞苟涓虹己涔缇锛浜瀹涓濂界╁宠薄涓浜浜濂界╃瀛瑕娲瀵锛稿锛瀹婧浜涓绉绉瀛瑙

浠界瀛瑙ョ锛涓ょ瑰煎娉ㄦ

棣锛╁甯告″界郴缁宸姣芥繁规缁锛楠ㄧ涓浜缁锛瀹浠互涓绉瑰〃杈惧郊姝ゅ变韩哄缁锛骞朵澶澧涓镐浣跨被涓锛瀹浠锋圭鸿斤婧浠浣瑰绁杩浜缁煎锛杩缁寸瑙瀵‘瀹涔借姝ｇ‘瑙ｃ瀹浠瀹规琚涓烘涓撮涓璁恒冲ㄨ澶╁烘腑锛瑰缁冲抽瑕锛虫撮瑕渚濡锛ㄨ╁涓撮瑕╁瀛浣ㄦ瑰绮剧‘缁锛寮璧峰浠涓浠ｄ唬涓涓涓╁瀹朵滑涓娉ㄤㄤ富涔绌朵娇浠绀句浠诲昏杩姝ワ板╁锋у绯荤渚＄村ソ瑙ｏ杩浜戒璇ヨ璐

3. 瀹濉辫褰㈡哄褰㈢

浣ゆ涔澶锛杩涓涓存繁灞娆ｈ╁瀹跺╃瀛涓凤瀵硅剁缇娣卞荤瑙ｏ涓杩浠浠缇浜归㈡村风寸с渚濡ㄥ澶浜虹ワ缇苟涓虹ㄦ借薄涓渚濡浼绠娲板璇姒蹇典腑锛ㄨ剁褰涓锛浠煎＄澶锋т腑锛灏卞揪灏堪ｆ凤灏戒褰㈡缇濂濡[7]姝ょ╃瀛戒ㄧт腑扮浣╁瀹跺戒ㄤ氦浜宠浜╁辩澶т腑扮

姣杩涔╃瀛瀛瑰筹涓╃瀛璁告锛╃瀛甯稿灏瑙板浣杩涓锛╁瀹舵翠娴镐朵缁煎涓浠ヤ姣卞姹х瑙ｇ╃瀛瑕撮搴剁妯＄у澶с涓锛杩绉娌娴告浼寮璧蜂涓绉绫讳技浜╃瀛ㄧ颁舵扮ｇ缇浠ヤ浠浠ユ锛浠搴璇ュ绁锛跺姝や赴瀵缇附锛煎浠

浜瀹

浠ヤ缁姒姣绔瀹涓璁稿╁瀹朵娆ｈ锛璁稿╃瀛涔娆ｈ惰涓ょ瑙规甯╃锛瀹浠崇郴拌澶瀹璁哄

灏界╁涓ㄦ讳у濉浜╁瀹跺寰绉瀛瑰渚濡锛璇鸿灏╁濂寰淇缃路濂寰锋Paul Nurse锛灏卞ㄤ拌浣芥涔锛[8]涓杩颁浜涓风瑙蹇碉浣浜轰滑渚跺戒瀵瑰剁璁哄虹涓淇′换搴涓鸿浜借薄荤寰寰娌℃扮╁缁

4. 璇哄寰涓讳缃路濂寰锋颁功 What Is Life锛

ㄧ缁瀹跺ゥ╁路ㄥOliver Sacks锛璇璇达璁稿╁瀹垛颁瀹ぇ璁虹磋捣锛惰琚虹浜瀹缈烩[9]姝ょ╃瀛娆ｈｄ浼璁猴╁瀹跺戒璁や负惰浜浜杩绉寮瑙骞堕娌℃锛浜瀹涓灏界绠у缁父琚涓烘寮锛浣瀹骞舵病‘锛跺ㄧ╃瀛腑绐哄颁芥变绉娴极涓讳锛ソ浜瀹渚锛ゅ瑙渚

涔灏辨浠芥ㄩ纭瀹涓浠瀹瀹浜瑙ｏ浜╀寰瓒ヨ澶涓寸锛虫板涓涔浼寰寰[10]杩姣濡瀛稿璁轰瑕姣缁稿瀛澶寰澶浣瀹浠翠赴瀵瑙ｉ浜村版苟轰瑕棰娴锛璁╂浠瀹瀹浜存繁ョ浜瑙ｏ姝ｆ绉涓板ф存

╃瀛淇缃路锛Paul Dirac锛ユ颁杩涓锛骞跺╃淇″康杩琛浜缁寰达璁や负卞稿璁虹浣垮蹇瑕灏绠у瑰涓烘板涔缇[5]

缇姝よヨ瑕锛灏ゅ舵缇涓娉锛浼瀵规浠浣瀵瑰绉瀛互璁や负浠涔ソ瑙ｉ澶у奖句鸡路剧碉Alan Turing锛褰㈡璁哄氨涓瀛剧垫猴褰绌洪寸卞舰瀛锛morphogens锛╂ｈ寰涓绋冲讹戒虹澶╁[11-12]锛杩ㄥㄦ板涓浼缇ㄧ璁猴琚涓哄╁灞瑙ｇ绋纰[13]浠ヤョ锛杩涓濂界瑙ｉ

5. 椹＄汗绉稿剧垫

惰锛灏界剧电璁虹濞寰澶э浣瀹骞朵借В浠讳蜂╂剧褰㈡涓烘瑕渚瑰蜂缁锛褰㈡瀛涓朵腑锛瀹浠存浣搴锛瀹浠浣浜х锛瀹浠浣瑙ｇ锛瀹浠╂ｇ搴澶蹇缁瀵规浣哄搴锛

瀵硅浜绛骞朵借跺ㄥ锛瀹浠卞浜瑰璇涓涓绉濂界瑙ｉ锛骞舵渚浜借薄璁烘娌℃涓板у娣卞害

姝わ灏界剧垫撅Turing Pattern锛浠ユ渚涓涓涓妗舵ユ涓撅浣剧电妯″锛浜瀹涓浠讳ㄦā锛芥娉ㄤ换浣瑰典渚瀹寸瑙ｉ濡纭瑕瀹ㄥ堕璇涓轰绉ㄧ璁猴ｄ蹇椤绘渚ㄦ浜蜂典纭缁

姝ゅ锛浠ㄨラ锛朵绉哄跺ㄥ缓绔绋冲╂句腑涔寰瑕[14]锛剧电璁哄朵腑涔涓╁瑙瑙涓瀹川涓锛ㄧ瀹浠讳锛缁藉瑕锛瀹寸瑙ｉ骞朵浠浠朵腑浠讳涓涓锛瀹浠袱骞宠　拌ㄤ璧枫

ㄧ╃瀛╁涔磋琛浜ゅ绌舵伴剧

ㄥㄧョ璺ㄥ绉浜ゆ伴撅浜浠ヤ瑰娇ㄧ稿锛杩朵瀵艰磋瑙ｃ惰瑕瓒冲堕村匡璇稿瀹规瑙ｅ筹璁や负灏╃瀛╁缁璧锋ョ涓昏伴句瑷宸锛灏卞ㄤ浠涓烘稿涓瑗库崇涓瀹＄褰卞浠虹璁や负绛妗杩涓烘胯灞㈢宸浼璁╁郊姝よ蛋涓涓绉瀛璺浜剧涓涔灏辨锛╃瀛╁缁璧锋ヤ浠ユ瑰伴剧锛涓哄娑拌灏涓ょ涓绉瀛插规杩璧锋ワ浜妞逛袱绉稿绔缇瑙蹇点

浣杩骞朵崇浠璇ユ惧浠ョ负寮瀵硷瀵圭娓存汉т涓瑕缁ㄥ锛骞跺ㄧ瀛腑ョ瑕浣ㄣ褰舵浠璇ヨ灏缇涓烘锛浠浠浠ヨ涓烘稿涓瑗挎ュ涔绉瀛借浠寰ゆ锛瀵圭姒蹇碉涔借浠寰涓昏瑁浠椤诲缈肩考淇璇锛浠ヨ瀹搴姹锛浠椤诲ㄧ缁涓讳╀腑寰骞宠　

6. ゅ伴Phoenix Reborn锛2020骞寸瀛烘剧澶ц濂浣锛璐ㄥ场绾崇背绠°╄浣ㄥ辫惧井涓诧

瑕拌癸浠借村箍瑙瑙浠ユ村ソ娆ｈ澶绉㈠锛璁よ颁缇瑙蹇佃藉甯浠娲荤涓归骞舵胯充娇〃ゆ瑙瑙ｏ姣濡浠跺瀵规板褰㈠绮娴娆ｈ涔浠峰肩锛瀹浼婵辨浠绱㈡存繁灞娆＄

杩灏遍瑕浠灞轰绉绉瀛蹇锛瑙ｅ苟姝ｇ颁浜鸿癸骞跺汉瀛藉ｄ╃鸿韩浜猴浠ュ浼村ソ娆ｈ缁煎镐绯诲澶缇ヤ舵借薄锛杩╁瀵圭╃瀛棣璧锛稿ｄヨ╁绉浜猴浠ュ浼村ソ娆ｈ璐浼璋缇借〃㈠介绠娲锛杩锋╃瀛缁╁绀笺

濡姝や浠灏浼瀵圭瀛ぇ澶锛杩╂浠瑰诲轰绉ㄥ归㈤芥翠赴瀵寸附借

[1] Zeki, S., Romaya, J. P., Benincasa, D. M. T. & Atiyah, M. F. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 8, 68 (2014).

[2] Breitenbach, A. Eur. J. Phil. 23, 955977 (2015).

[3] Feynman, R. P. The Messenger Lectures on The Character of Physical Law (Cornell Univ., 1964).

[4] Gell-Mann, M. Beauty, truth and physics? TED http:// go.nature.com/3gNoGsu (2007).

[5] Dirac, P. Proc. R. Soc. 59, 122129 (1939).

[6] Bernal, J. The Social Function of Science (George Routledge & Sons, 1939).

[7] Darwin, C. On the Origin of Species (John Murray, 1859).

[8] Nurse, P. What is Life? Understand Biology in Five Steps (David Fickling Books, 2020).

[9] Sacks, O. Gratitude (Picador, 2015).

[10] Mulas, R. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01128 (2020).

[11] Turing, A. M. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 237, 3772 (1952).

[12] Kondo, S. & Takashi, M. Science 329, 16161620 (2010).

[13] Surridge, C. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1452 (2004).

[14] Maini, P. & Othmer, H. (eds) Mathematical Models for Biological Pattern Formation (Springer, 2012).

缁杞浇井淇″轰勘涔ㄢ炬锛

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-020-01132-9