蹇瀛В璇伙浠负浠涔浼绾缁锛

灏锛寰俊锛yosumn锛锛璇达濡浣风锛浠涓501借灏讹╀洪琛ｆ浠。垮烘ユ缁姣ㄨ韩涓锛跺涓浠朵欢惧锛板崇浠澶╄涓浜锛杩浜10藉冲涓浜浠浠跺ユ锛楗堕寸瑰澶APP锛蜂灏惰ラ瑰濂斤ㄦ崇澧绗璁般锛拌ｈ4.9硅鲍浜锛灏瀛浼锛ㄥ濮灏惰ㄨ瑕涓瑕哄腑ｄ甯告杩モ绾缁浜轰勘涔ㄢ

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璁茬锛杩绡浠モ绾缁涓轰富棰绉锛寰姣绾缁灏辨ｇ锛充娇娲涔芥澶剧瑙

涓寮濮缂杈缁杩涓富棰跺锛告垫蹇涓涓澶ц涓浠瀛蹇瀛ヨ锛澶у甯璨浼兼病杩璁ょ充涓ㄢ绾缁琛ㄨ揪缁烘浜卞ㄣ杩绾缁辨涔戒ラ跺锛繁杩浜涓涓姣宸ㄥぇ涔涓

涓ユ寮濮灏芥寤朵戒锛绋挎锛绋挎锛绋挎瀹浜绋挎锛涓存版规藉浜涓光

ㄢ搴璇糕锛绾缁峰涔锛

浣块峰ュ版娣蜂贡舵浠ュ舰瀹逛汉澶澶澧蹇缁绾蜂贡舵锛涔涓涓宠捣寰澶涓濂界浜锛蹇瑙版诞韬凤ㄤ璇腑涔琛ㄧず瑰

惰绾缁涔绉璺ㄦ缁姝わ杩板ㄨ辨涓惧颁瀹琛ㄨ揪锛ㄤ存翠ㄧ堕粹

Ambivalence锛

蹇剧锛绉蹇瀵规蜂╁跺ㄤ袱绉冲绉浜稿茬搴虫缁舵褰浠浜颁纭硅鲍涓筹灏ゅ舵浣瀵规涓汉浠朵╁跺㈠璐㈢搴讹寰戒虹剧缁缁舵

浠㈢瀹涔浠ョ猴涓蜂╄缁浣甯ヤ骇杩风绾缁锛蹇椤诲袱绉锛瀹㈣涓昏锛娌￠锛浣浠ユ瀹浣户涓昏锯娆¤锯涔涓瀵光瀛寮锛

瀹㈣撅Objective Ambivalence锛锛杩涓╄甫璁╀娆㈠璁╀蹇р灞с姣濡充拱Macbook锛韬竟浜洪借瀹濂界浣环卞瓒轰浣垮达姝ゆ垛涔Macbook杩浠朵灏卞峰瀹㈣锯规с

涓昏撅Subjective     Ambivalence锛锛浜╃涓ら俊跺虹ㄤ蹇澶达浠介歌　锛缁浣甯ュ涓茬锛瀵癸灏辨ｅ剁涓や釜灏汉锛锛涓昏炬村浣蹇

瑕虫绾缁浣楠锛杩涓ょ缂轰涓濡缂哄浜瀹㈣锯锛ｄ灏辨涓杩绉绾缁舵锛濡缂哄浜涓昏锯锛ｄ浜╃灞у茬涔涓浼瀵规浠蹇浠涔褰卞

堕氨涓〃锛

峰伴垮逛腹澶у绀句蹇瀛绌跺㈤Harreveld绛浜烘剧2009骞村琛ㄧ绌舵璁ㄧ炬婧澶淬浠浠╃ㄧ垫ぇ瀛浠ㄩ㈠剧缁澧涓剁缁よ捣绋搴剧缁澧纭璇卞璐㈢缁搴

瓒ｇ浜轰滑ㄨ纭ц姹瀵圭捐棰杩琛‘琛ㄦ讹剧缁よ捣涔灏辨锛璁╂浠扮缁炬涓ラ跺锛寰寰椤昏冲涔锛姣濡缂杈モ冲浠涔跺藉浜ょ锛

ｄ浠负浠涔浼浜х绾缁剧缁

1. 瀵规电涓纭

Harreveld绛浜虹绌朵跺锛瑕瀵逛璁棰‘琛ㄦ涓琛ㄧず锛浠浠琛ㄦ椤圭纭绋搴翠╂甯ユ缁よ捣涔瀹ㄦ辫绉涓纭寮璧风姝わ浠浠ョ缁//硅鲍涓筹寰澶х搴涓烘浠垫寰涓澶锛瀵归╀换浣涓归芥病淇″

涓句釜瀛锛浣蹇浜轰涔鹃锛涓轰涔ｄ浼涓瀹跺澶у崇藉浠ュ姝ゅ虫抽浠崇寰澶跺芥锛浠杩涔颁涔风洪藉姝ゅ扮缁璁镐锛

涔璁稿氨涓轰涓瀹朵藉ㄩ荤繁缁棰锛瀵瑰崇电稿锛涓浼ｄ光с

2. 瀹虫

规垂环肩璁ょヤ璁猴Cognitive Dissonance Theory锛锛浜轰滑涓轰绉冲锛灏变绔绘娉ㄦ惧ㄥ凡椤圭涓濂芥归浠ュ惧椤圭濂界归杩寰戒瀵艰村╃涔灏辨锛琛ㄤ姣涓琛ㄦ村虹跺点

杩璺浠寰浜╃璐㈠樊寸浠绘繁浜浜拌薄姣杈娣憋蹇借ｄ瀵逛浜涔涔涔锛浠氨浼寮濮璐ㄧ繁崇锛宠寰浜姘歌繁虫稿锛姣濡锛繁娌＄濂ヨ姣璧涓介借耽浜锛锛浣垮ㄥ崇涓村韪韬涓

璁烘电涓纭锛杩璁ょヤ锛戒瀵艰村裤寤剁娑搴瀵圭ワ姣濡瀹垮峰绾ゥ杩寮骞寮戒ㄧ绔锛锛村颁瀹冲瀹锛澧杩寰涓逛涔ユ瑰杩绉舵

瀵逛浠风绾缁锛+╁伴撅浜衡锛板搴璇ュ浣瑰杩绉汉绾缁蹇

1. 瑙瀵繁绾缁

浠父甯镐涔瀵繁缁惰浜瑙ｉ借В抽璁洪㈠浠涔风缁娓板拌瀵瀹锛姘歌瀵瑰瑰瀹绗姝ャラ繁澶浜缁舵涓ラ繁ㄤ负浠涔浜绾缁锛ラ繁绾缁规涔

2. 镐俊deadline浜у

杩浠朵澶瑕绱фワ蹇椤荤ㄥ氨寮濮锛澶чㄥ浜哄浜缁剧浜浠堕芥澶╃剁垮寤跺

Nohlen绛浜2015骞寸绌惰〃褰㈠捐棰讹澶чㄥ浜轰╁蹇浠诲★诲轰板＄璺嚎撅锛藉甯╂⒊捐棰浠诲★鸿棰姝ｅ淇℃

濡浜骞堕瑕绱фョ锛ｄ涓濡ㄥ瀹蹇版浜惧ㄤ杈癸涓瑕冲锛朵浜锛绛跺颁冲с澶ц寰绁濂锛甯稿父浼浣ㄥ浜剁靛涓锛惧扮妗

3. 涓瑕娌娴稿ㄨ㈡缁腑

Nohlen绛浜虹绌跺朵琛ㄦ寰澶浜哄ㄩ㈠绾缁剧讹浼娌娴稿ㄨ㈡缁涓Emotion-focused coping approach锛锛у板瑙ｅ抽锛Problem-solvingcoping approach锛

褰浠娴蜂腑煎藉崇杩浠朵璁╂寰モ杩浠朵涓娆⑩杩涓璁╂寰版扳锛涓浠韩哄瑙ｅ冲娉锛杩灏变峰ユ浼姝㈢绾缁藉瑕绋寰涓涓锛绠涓涓ㄤ锛灏辫解ㄥ浜捐浜灏介寮缁褰卞锛涔璁镐骞舵病浠宠薄ｄ澶

4. ╁缁存瑰

涓瑰凹灏锛蹇涓拌浜虹被璁ょュ宸ユ涓ょ妯″涓绉蹇溅ㄥ寮宸モ锛Heuristic processing锛锛磋崇涓璐硅瀛锛浣洪锛涓绉㈣溅绯荤宸モ锛Systematic processing锛锛娣卞害瑕璐硅瀹归浣姣杈淇╃ǔ濡ャ

璁╀汉绾缁浜寰澶绉锛涓藉椤昏卞澶у姘瑙ｅ炽濡绔寮澶村虹娲诲锛涓瑕锛璐规锛ｄ涓濡ㄧ镐俊繁磋缁达充究冲浜涔涓瑕挎寰澶х存锛浜ょ╁伴剧缁绁ㄢ纭锛

濡浜甯搁瑕锛浜涓筹瑰杩绉磋涓戒浜猴锛ｄ灏卞椤诲ㄧ郴缁宸ヤ浣浜ぇㄥ浜锛浠病蹇瑕杩琛甯稿ㄩ㈢绯荤宸ワ涓洪ｆ锋澶浠浠ヨ琛甯╂у绯荤宸ャ

浠ヤ拱佃涓轰锛灏浠冲扮璇ょ淮搴涓惧烘ワ姣濡浠锋笺澶搴渚挎烘с纭澶у澶瑙濂界汉搴跺ц繁涓昏匡瀵硅浜缁村害瑕ц浜锛ㄨ堕瑕涔涓绯绘帮锛跺堕稿宠锛ㄥ涓淮搴琛ㄧ板艰锛姣濡1~5锛濉涓锛讳涓跺氨寰娓扮ラ璇ラ璋浜

5.

杩璁板㈡扮璁ょヤ璁衡锛涓涓骞舵病涓轰╋灏辨浠с浣浠ユ荤锛涓轰涓娆＄╃Н绱锛浣瑕杩娌娴镐╃ュ姝わ浣蹇褰涓

澶чㄥ浜洪戒璁や负绾缁绉璐㈢缁纭寰澶绌堕芥杩涓癸姣濡㈡Harreveld绛浜虹绌躲杩涔靛剧绌惰〃涓昏绾缁炬瓒浜猴棰чㄨ娲昏搴氨瓒浣杩ㄥ涓跺井绗琛ㄦ灞筹涔绉绋搴拌浜绾缁剧璐㈡с

惰浠涓ㄥ绌跺ㄦ堕琚涓昏炬跺轰稿缁璁恒姣濡ㄦ璁ㄦ浜浜璁ц棰讹浜浜轰娓存灞鸿绉炬锛涓鸿浼缁浜衡钩瀛拌薄

浠辩杈╄涓涔姝ｅ杩绉剧杈锛

剧婧缁

Armitage,C. J., & Conner, M. (2000). Attitudinal ambivalence: A test of three key hypotheses. Personalityand Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(11), 1421-1432.

Festinger, L. (1964). Conflict,decision, and dissonance (Vol. 3). Stanford University Press.

Harreveld, F. V., Nohlen, H. U., &Schneider, I. K. (2015). Chapter five the abc of ambivalence :affective, behavioral, and cognitive consequences of attitudinalconflict. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 285-324.

Harreveld, F. V., Pligt, J. V. D., &Yael, N. (2009). The agony of ambivalence and ways to resolve it: Introducingthe MAID model.Personality and Social Psychology Review, 13(1), 45-61.

Harreveld, F.V., Rutjens, B. T.,Rotteveel, M., Nordgren, L. F., &Pligt, J. V. D. (2009). Ambivalence anddecisional conflict as a cause of psychological discomfort: Feeling tensebefore jumping off the fence.Journal of Experimental SocialPsychology, 45(1), 167-173.

Luce,M. F., Bettman, J. R., & Payne, J. W. (1997). Choice processing inemotionally difficult decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23(2), 384.

Newby-Clark, I. R., McGregor, I.,&Zanna, M. P. (2002). Thinking and caring about cognitive inconsistency:when and for whom does attitudinal ambivalence feeluncomfortable?. Journal of personality and social psychology, 82(2),157.

Nohlen, H. U.,Harreveld, F.V.,Pligt, J.V.D., & Rotteveel, M. (2015). A waste of time?The prevalence and effectiveness of choice delay in ambivalent decision-making. Under

review.

Pillaud, V., Cavazza, N., &Butera, F.(2013). The Social Value of Being Ambivalent Self-Presentational Concerns inthe Expression of Attitudinal Ambivalence. Personality and SocialPsychology Bulletin, 0146167213490806

Song, H., &Ewoldsen, D. R. (2015).Metacognitive model of ambivalence: The role of multiple beliefs and metacognitionsin creating attitude ambivalence. Communication Theory, 25(1), 23-45.

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