蹇瀛╀瑙ｅ杞ㄧ佃溅鹃

灏璇达у靛奖灏骞存淳濂骞绘娴涓帮ㄩ捐瑰涓锛杩杩ゥ楗匡浼浜哄村寮辩浠浜虹璞★灏界楠浜哄伙浣涓涔涓涔被浼肩瀹浜浠躲瑕涔杩涔淇娲讳锛瑕涔涓璧烽タ姝伙杩锛杩绫婚瀵癸

寮濮锛璇锋涓や釜甯哥涓磋叮璇烽烦杩杩涓よ锛涔涔

1. 寰锋ワ锛姝ゅヤ涓瀛插璁鸿锛

2. 浠负ヨ绌堕寰凤

涓ュ氨杩ユ棰

缁哥寰蜂袱惧板

寰蜂袱鹃(moral dilemma)涓存寰风绌堕涓缁稿寮佃溅灏辨涓稿寰蜂袱炬澧渚瀛瀹╃卞插瀹惰╂瑰1967骞存猴寮浜插浼瀛蹇瀛璁ょョ瀛棰瀵硅涓璁ㄣ

浣澶у挎不瀛妗寰峰ㄥ璇俱涓杩涓锛瑙棰璇锋崇锛

http://v.qq.com/x/page/h01766is88z.html锛璇俱Justice绗锛

棰涓锛

濡浣瑙涓杈宸插け剁杞ㄧ佃溅ㄨ建涓琛锛佃溅琛椹剁瑰涓 5 浣宸ヤ汉姝ｅㄨ琛宸ョ浣涓锛濡佃溅杞ㄩ琛锛杩 5 浣宸ヤ汉垮浼琚佃溅姝伙杩 5 浣宸ヤ汉涓涓娉锛ｅ氨

1锛绗绉垫浣韬涓杞ㄦ虫锛浣浠ユ宠虫锛浣跨佃溅瑰瑰锛浣风佃溅灏变涓涓杞ㄩ涓ц缁翠慨宸ヤ 1 浣宸ヤ汉骞惰村舵浜°

浣锛

2锛绗绉垫浣韬竟绔涓涓瀛锛杩5涓伐浜虹娉浠ョ板韬竟杩涓汉涓澶╂ˉ浠ラ绘＄佃溅琛锛惰杩峰氨浼虹茶涓汉姐

浣锛

瀹浜锛

浣澶ф涔瑙颁锛缁哥寰蜂袱鹃芥姹琚ㄦ虹蹭涓汉芥澶涓汉у介涓洪╋涓涓璁哄哄╋浼璁╅╄浜х涓瀹绋搴寰峰茬

灏界绗绉冲ㄦ虫靛浜浣茬澧锛灏辨存伴瀵逛浜虹浼ゅ绗绉瀛靛浜楂茬澧锛灏辨存伴瀵逛浜虹浼ゅ跺涓绠℃浠锛蹇戒逛

2. 朵绉寰蜂袱惧板

浣涔涓寰蜂袱鹃藉浜虹у芥┿涓涓瀛ㄧ瑰㈢寰峰茬锛娑电虫浜㈤蹇璇濞灏 ｆ绾绛绛归

涓惧涓瀛濂戒锛浠ヤ杩浜典涔瀛ㄧ寰峰茬锛

路 浣浜浣娌￠锛浣瑙寰浠ヨ繁寮杞

路 濂藉涓ㄨ瑕琛ヨ锛濡涓煎氨浼瀵艰存涓寤惰锛澶卞惧扮濂offer锛浠璇蜂杩绋娑府浠浣涓娆″

路 瀛╁蹇颁锛哥哥ㄥ浣溅浠涓瀛

路 变浼搴剁寮甯革ㄥ藉轰藉╃锛浠烘よ蛋藉姘璧

路 缁浣涓浜匡浣浣瑕寮繁浼翠荆瀹朵汉

路 FBI瑕姹规缁烘鸿В瀵绠娉ユ荤存瀛猴涓浜浜哄卞ㄦ斤浣颁嚎ㄦ烽复绉娉婕椋┿

路 荤涓轰ｇ浜猴涓寰涓涓涓ュ悍浜轰规娉╋浣灏浼姝ゆ

路 涓轰璁╄缁锛璀瀵圭剁ㄥ锛奸缁垮扮广

凤杩涓濂介涓瑰锛锛灏锛骞讹娌★锛锛锛

褰浠伴寰蜂袱鹃讹缁父浼复╋

A.

B.磋

绉灏浼艰涓猴浜轰滑涓轰瑙ｅ宠涓涓ら鹃锛涓轰袱绉寰峰ゆ

A. 涔涓讳╋

涔涓讳ゆ涓涓烘纭锛ㄤ跺害娉寰瑙ㄨ绉缁存瑰腑锛琛涓虹寰蜂哄锛涓澧筹杩绉轰寰锋缁(rule-based moral thinking)褰绀句璁哄ぇ澶璧锛涓浜烘绉寰蜂涔★ｄ浠氨涓璇ュず浠浜虹姐

ㄤ杩版澧涓涔涓讳╀灏辨涓瀛锛充娇杩峰浠ユ村浜恒濡浣ta涓轰涔锛瀵规瑰戒璇达戒芥伴ゆ涓娌℃涓诲ㄩ╂浜虹┿

B. ╀富涔╋

╀富涔璁や负锛涓涓涓洪寰蜂涓充涓绗瑙锛瑕瑙惰涓虹缁浠澶у垢绂锛杩轰寰锋缁(outcome-based moral thinking)

涔灏辨锛浠朵濡浣╋涓琛涓烘锛瑕浜揪扮缁涓鸿拷姹瀵瑰ぇ澶颁汉ヨ澶ф锛搴璇ョ虹插颁汉ユ澶颁汉ㄤ杩版澧涓╀富涔╀灏辨瀛锛藉氨"浜涓汉澶т涓汉"

璁╂浠ヤ瀛瑙ｈ涓ょ缁达

璁句浣骞磋交浜哄浣濂界锛姝ｅㄥ句澶浣锛浠ㄧ缁靛芥挎寰璧锋垮渚寤绉裤锛变藉绉胯婧锛搴疆跺害锛渚宠搴寰浣裤濡姝ｅ父锛灏ぇ绾瑕绛寰涓骞存堕淬 浣浠涔浠ラ杩涓浜姝ｅ父娓绔荤颁裤

ㄥ硅京寮濮瑷锛

涔涓讳硅京锛轰锛剧跺琛涓烘锛浠杩涔涓绗㈠绀句瑙涓跺害锛瑕釜浜洪借涔骞诧涓灏变贡濂浜锛

╀富涔硅京锛轰锛灏琛涓烘病浠涔涓瀵广濡浠涓杩峰锛灏辨病版逛锛涓涓汉芥甯哥娲绘绾匡涓烘涓涔

浜轰滑浜寰锋缁存瑰躲

浣濡浣浠ヤ负寰峰ゆ藉㈡āｄ瀹㈣猴浣灏遍浜

绌惰猴寰峰ゆ苟ㄧх锛充釜浜虹╃杩芥锛杩╀涓轰搴澧娈点

纭锛瓒ヨ澶绌舵ā藉己璋缁ㄩ寰峰ゆ腑瑕浣涔灏辨涓缁浜轰洪寰峰ゆ芥т涓枫涓椤圭绌跺锛浜轰滑蹭激缁舵浼瀵归寰峰ゆ褰卞锛骞抽楂寸缁舵瀵归寰峰ゆ褰卞涓澶с

锛浜轰滑甯涓缁褰卞杈惧扮瀵圭уゆ剧

充缁цュ浣骞叉版浠寰峰ゆ浠寰澶妯″浠ヨ锛

1锛Hadit绀句磋妯″锛

浠ㄦт涓缁璁猴涓鸿繁剧便

寰峰ゆ绉磋搴锛骞朵即涓涓㈢浜杩绋锛浜涓昏负浜绱㈡宸插虹ゆ璇涔灏辨锛浠╁剁缁浠ヨ杩ヤ慨姝ｆ浠寰峰ゆ

2锛Greene璁ょヤ缁宸ユā锛涔奖澶х妯″锛锛

浠璁や负寰峰ゆュ缁绔浜缁

缁锛涓涔ゆ锛姣濡瀛澶ぇ锛渚块╀浣涓猴锛

璁ょ锛涓╁ゆ锛1:5锛瀹㈣ユ娲讳涓汉撮瑕锛

瀵逛浼ょ浜虹绌惰〃褰浠浠瑰渚у棰锛浜虹缁琚寮憋锛跺ㄩ寰蜂袱炬澧涓浠浠村惧浜哄╀富涔ゆ杩杩涓姝ラ璇浜宸ユāэ褰涓瀵硅繁缁璁よ瀛ㄥ伴撅╀富涔╃芥т澧

3锛Moll猴

哄╁ゆ涔ゆ充缁峰ョ澶灏锛寰峰ゆ腑缁璁ょユ镐缁煎

缁峰ュ澶锛灏卞洪涔ゆ缁峰ュ锛哄╁ゆ

1创杩瀹娲

ㄤ椤归寰蜂袱惧ゆ腑锛褰琚浣娌￠锛浣浼椹捐溅讹姝ｅㄩу澶у村┾浠ラ┚杞锛褰舵病ㄥ琚村┾涓浠ラ┚杞

剧讹村涓瀹娲绘存杩寰蜂袱句浠讹村璁╄璇浜х╁繁ゆ

2涓讳汉缈繁

瀵逛灏负炬挎浜锛绌惰杩锛涓讳汉浣锛姣璧蜂富浜哄涓汉讹村浜哄惧浜┾浠ユ浜虹О浠ヨ琚娑ユ澧涔涓锛涔宠浠浠澧峰ョ搴撮锛哄╀富涔ゆ

3澧韬唤搴

瀵逛ㄥ杞瀛╁涓瀛浜锛垮绠＄浜哄峰ョ搴氨姣楂℃甯存繁锛浣哄╀富涔ゆ芥у氨撮瀵逛甯瀛璇浣寮碉澶у峰ョ搴杩杩楂浜甯

涔灏辨锛褰寰锋澧琚褰姝ｇ娲讳浠讹ta╃稿筹澧峰ョ搴氨瓒楂

4绉

浜轰滑浼瀵规浜烘翠负虫敞锛绉绾崇补涓讳奖寰风磋瑕绱锛杩绉崇郴瀵硅ョ褰卞娣辫锛ㄦ涓璇堪

5琛缂崇郴

浠浠村惧浜繁娆㈢浜插浜渚甯╋瀵逛浠蹇涔村己锛涓挎府╀娆㈢浜恒浠璁や负繁浜茶浜烘跺浜烘村绉姝ｉ㈢浜烘煎璐稿帮涔瀵逛浠翠负瀹藉

ㄦ╀浜虹寰蜂袱炬澧涓浠浜寸郴浜插╂澧峰ョ搴撮锛瀵瑰跺翠负冲锛琛ㄧ轰捐搴绯讳翰灞寰璁ょヨ婧锛濡虫敞搴稿锛╃浜哄寰璁ょヨ婧灏锛

6堕撮垮害

Renata Ralph 绌剁锛濡堕存村瓒筹3锛锛浜轰滑浼姣堕存讹8绉锛村惧浜哄╂ч┿

7澶у

ㄦ病澧峰ワ浜浠跺繁姝ｅㄧ浜娌″ュ崇郴讹楂惧浜ㄥ轰瑰涔涓讳锛杩琛寰峰ゆ浣惧浜ㄥ轰瑰╀富涔锛杩琛寰峰ゆ

惰绌惰〃褰澧峰ョ搴锛浜浠惰借创繁浜茶韩缁锛楂瓒浼杞浣╋涔冲╀富涔惧澧楂

锛寮瑰灏锛杩ㄨ寰峰ゆ缁藉充繁╃稿崇搴锛锛

澶у涔颁锛洪句互插拌绯诲ㄤ璧枫璧风ㄥぇ澶版跺枫瀵逛佃溅锛涔璁告案杩娌℃姝ｇ‘绛妗浣娣卞ユ佃溅鹃锛浠ュ府╂浠村ソ版娲讳腑涓ら炬澧锛涓浠浠コ濡姘撮璋锛

浠寰峰ゆ寰寰娌℃浠互涓虹ｄ瀹㈣凤浠浜轰浠ワ璁告浠浠ュ璇村汉涓ゅ锛涓洪ｇ‘瀹充圭峰ョ搴浣浠璇ラ垮绔ㄩ寰峰堕规规浠浜烘锛涓猴绘涓涓袱炬澧涔浼浠や硅鲍锛充虹浼尖杩寰宸测╀富涔┿

瀵规锛浣

蹇浠诲

棰

璇村伴寰蜂袱撅濡逛寰涓涓涓涓缁涓琛扮浣杩鸡椹圭濡杩涔°浣涓轰蹇瀛锛绗娆＄拌ㄦ渚挎板涓昏у茬告ぇ榧寰蜂袱鹃锛

ㄥ澶 寰封 灏辫借杩涓间汉蹇ф浜姊姒~ 绠村缇浼璐浜杩扮瀹癸灏绉绱瀵归寰峰ゆ褰卞荤诲娣婕灏借淬

磋叮璇锛涓濡ㄤ璇伙寰绗绉瀛绌躲寰涓澶э 娆㈣ㄨ璁哄虹涓浣筹╁朵绫讳技浣~

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卞蹇浜哄哄锛杞浇璇疯绯medi@youxinli.com

浣锝濡

姝澶у蹇瀛澹ヤ@虹轰钩ㄧ┿

寮ㄦ

1.璋㈢圭讹缃璺锛寰峰ゆ腑缁绱锛蹇绉瀛灞锛2009锛Vol.17, No.6,1250-1256;

2.Greene, J. D., Morelli, S. A., Lowenberg, K., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D., Cognitive load selectively interferes with utilitarian moral judgment. Cognition, 2008,107, 11441154.

3.Greene, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Engell, A. D., Darley, J. M., &Cohen, J. D.. The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment. Neuron, 2004, 44,389400.

4.Haidt, J.  The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 2001,108, 814834

5.Koenigs, M., Young, L., Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Cushman, F., Hauser, M., et al.. Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgments. Nature, 2007,446(7138), 908911

6.Michela Sarlo, Lorella Lotto, Andrea Manfrinati, Rino Rumiati,Germano Gallicchio, and Daniela Palomba, Temporal Dynamics of CognitiveEmotional Interplay in Moral Decision-making, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 2012, 24:4, pp. 10181029;

7.Moll,J.,&de Oliveira-Souza, R. Moral judgments, emotions and the utilitarian brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2009.11(8),319-320.

8.Nancy S. Koven, Specificity of Meta-emotion Effects on Moral Decision-Making, Emotion, 2011, Vol.11,No. 5, 1255-1261;

9.Pilar Aguilar, Silvina Brussino, Jos茅-Miguel Fern谩ndez-Dols, Psychological distance increases uncompromising consequentialism, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2013, 49, 449-452;

10.Renata S. Suter, Ralph Hertwig ,Time and moral judgment,Cognition, 2011, 119, 454-458;

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