甯稿椋虹浜洪瑕蹇瀹瀹灏绾跨杈灏锛

杈灏浜虹父讳插涓や釜瀛杩杈灏涓电杈灏锛电娉腑娉㈤跨稿杈介稿杈楂纬灏绾裤X灏绾垮绱绾夸腑娉㈤胯ㄥ锛浠ュ伪绮瀛尾绮瀛涓绛绮瀛电杈灏变介楂锛藉浣垮瀛瀛电锛电濡ㄧ╀涓灏辨介浼ゅ锛姝ょ电杈灏寰寰瑕藉浠ラ茶

扮电杈灏锛浜轰滑寰寰冲板瀛寮广稿搴绛寮鸿灏婧锛浣瀹涓电杈灏姣舵婚藉ㄤ浠韩杈广澶ф涓姘°澹ゅ宀╃充腑惧у绱绛锛藉ㄤ伴惧虹电杈灏锛瀹浠绉颁负灏汉绫诲ㄥ╅芥ㄥㄨ灏典杩ワ轰宸茬灞轰绯诲搴瀵硅灏哄讹涓灏甯搁甯稿井寮憋姝やヨ灏璋涓涓浠涔卞锛浠蹇蹇

涓杩煎涓灏涓ㄥヨ瀹灏绾匡虫ヨ澶┖楂界瀛瀵逛娲诲ㄤ捣板虹浜烘ヨ锛变瀹灏绾夸涓扮澶ф灞镐浣ㄨ琚寮憋姝ゅ浠褰卞骞朵澶э瀹瀹灏绾块杈灏拌灏10%宸[1,2]浣娴锋澧楂锛绌烘寰绋锛瀹瀹灏绾块褰卞涔浼村捐锛ㄨ绂诲拌〃楂绌哄氨翠负[2]姝ょ父涔椋虹浜轰互椋琛虹浜哄浼版村ヨ瀹灏绾跨杈灏

灏甯哥点剧ヨ[1]

ｄ甯稿椋虹浜恒椋琛虹浜哄瑕蹇瀹瀹灏绾胯灏卞锛

棣浠瑕娓妤变绌洪琛瀹瀹灏绾跨杈灏澶寮恒ㄨ浠疯灏瀵圭╀介卞讹浠甯镐娇ㄥ涓蹇碉充瀹堕村琚╀告剁杈灏绠ヨ锛椋琛堕磋裤椋琛楂搴楂锛ヨ瀹灏绾跨杈灏氨瓒澶ゆ涔澶锛ㄩ绾害板虹瑰袱椋琛朵姣ㄤ含搴板哄涓楂搴琛版村ヨ瀹灏绾跨杈灏锛杩涓哄瀹灏绾夸琚扮纾哄斤杩绉灞戒ㄥㄨ丹寮猴涓ゆ寮便

规浜绱锛涓浜濞烘界轰浼扮变绌洪琛扮杈灏宸ュ枫渚濡缇借┖绠＄灞缁虹涓涓伐峰浠ヨ缁璁＄涔澶娆¤扮杈灏 [3]涓ヨ锛姣琛1000遍锛绾1600锛锛浠变瀹灏绾胯棰澶0. 01姣杈灏 [2]浣涓哄姣锛姣勾ヨ灏杈灏ぇ绾3姣瀵逛琛虹浜哄锛涓涓烘勾ㄨ灏涔澶棰澶浼0.2-5姣杈灏[4]规涓及绠锛椋琛虹浜哄姣勾棰澶扮杈灏凡缁杩宠杩哥电宸ョ变涓瑕蹇椤绘瑙灏婧浠[5]

涓杩充究濡姝わ变父涔椹鹃┒椋鸿棰澶杈灏舵稿浣锛涔浣介瀛芥烘璁惧变涓姣勾杈灏硷姣勾涓瓒杩20姣锛杩涔浣杈灏瀵逛汉浣褰卞锛涓昏琛ㄧ褰㈠浼绛剧涓姝ゆ浠浠ョㄦ琛瀛ョ规ョ绌惰浜杈灏瀵逛汉褰卞锛冲杈涓涓浜哄椋琛缁父椋虹浜猴浜剧浼惧

ｄ杩浜娴琛瀛ョ缁璁哄浣界舵绌惰〃撮插ㄦ村己瀹瀹灏绾胯灏涓纭藉澧ｆ浜剧椋╋渚濡2005骞翠椤规琛瀛ュ氨琛ㄦ琛撮藉涓村瀹瀹灏绾胯灏稿[6]锛浣杩寰澶绌惰界跺椋琛虹浜哄杩涓兢浣绛剧纭楂浜浜猴村苟涓界‘瀹澧涓瀹ヨ村瀹瀹灏绾胯灏[7]杩绌跺骞茶瑙瀵涓拌绉椋╃澧锛渚濡ㄦ娲茶琛涓椤圭绌惰〃椋琛变ｇ姝讳骸姣渚浣х[8]姝わ充瀹灏绾垮椋琛虹浜哄甯稿椋虹浜虹缇やュ悍褰卞锛绌跺浠ョㄤ涓褰绾筹涓娓妤

变瀹楠绌跺涓界虹‘缁璁猴浠戒璁轰浼扮涓涓瀹瀹灏绾垮ュ悍褰卞涓藉ㄨ浼颁灏甯ョ椋╁苟叉ゆ芥讹甯搁ㄢ绾挎ф妯″锛涔灏辨浠讳杈灏戒瀵逛汉浣浼ゅ锛浼ゅ涓ラ绋搴灏绠姝ｆ崇郴杩涓ā藉纭堪浣灏瀵瑰ュ悍褰卞锛瀹涓瀛ㄤ璁浣变娇ㄨ捣ユ杈逛究锛姝や惰

规涓ā锛缇借┖绠＄灞缁轰涓涓及绠渚瀛锛涓浣椋琛姣勾ц700涓琛舵扮绾界害宠ョ缇藉藉锛25骞翠ワヨ瀹灏绾跨杈灏害涓68姣锛杩浼浣垮浠变姝讳骸姒澧涔涓 [4]规璁★ㄨ辩斤姝讳骸宸茬版荤姝讳骸扮涔涓宸[9, 10]涔灏辨锛涓涓浜烘ュ氨浼20-30%姒姝讳辨瑙锛变父椋鸿村瀹瀹杈灏瀵瑰ュ悍瀹筹充究纭瀛涔井涓瓒抽瀹涓涔换浣涓藉ㄥュ悍璐㈠奖椋╁绱锛ㄧ瀹ㄦ涓锛杈灏稿宠涓浠ュ悍扮瀹冲苟涓姣朵琛涓村绐[11]

缁间杩帮缁父椋虹浜轰互椋琛虹浜哄纭浼变瀹灏绾跨姣浜哄版村杈灏浣杩浜村杈灏瀵瑰ュ悍璐㈠奖充究涔甯稿锛姝ゆ浠蹇涓烘杩浜蹇

[1] http://www.world-nuclear.org/uploadedFiles/org/Features/Radiation/4_Background_Radiation(1).pdf

[2] http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/calculator.html

[3] http://jag.cami.jccbi.gov/cariprofile.asp

[4] What Aircrews Should Know About Their Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation,https://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/2000s/media/0316.pdf

[5] http://www-ns.iaea.org/tech-areas/communication-networks/orpnet/documents/cn223/7-frasch-presentation.pdf

[6] Vilhjalmur Rafnsson, Eydis Olafsdottir, Jon Hrafnkelsson, Hiroshi Sasaki, Arsaell Arnarsson, Fridbert Jonasson, Cosmic Radiation Increases the Risk of Nuclear Cataract in Airline Pilots: A Population-Based Case-Control Study, Archives of ophthalmology, 2005, 123, 1108

[7] Boice JD Jr, Blettner M, Auvinen A., Epidemiologic studies of pilots and aircrew, Health Physics, 2000, 79, 576

[8] I. Langner, M. Blettner, M. Gundestrup, H. Storm, R. Aspholm, A. Auvinen, E. Pukkala, G. P. Hammer, H. Zeeb, J. Hrafnkelsson, V. Rafnsson, H. Tulinius, G. De Angelis, A. Verdecchia, T. Haldorsen, U. Tveten, H. Eliasch?, N. Hammar, A. Linnersj?, Cosmic radiation and cancer mortality among airline pilots: results from a European cohort study (ESCAPE), Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2004, 42, 247

[9] http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_02.pdf

[10] http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-mortality-statistics#heading-Four

[11] http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/risk.htm

锛浣锛榄瀹锛