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杞舵绘烘扮璁虹垫锛浠浣跺扮ぞ哄剁杞浜姝ゃ归╁甫ヤ翠负澶灞姘绀句灞浠ュ涓绀句涓韩浠借锛涔婵浜浠村锛涓藉绀惧虹哄娌荤浣浠ュ锛藉璇璇涓讳ュ父瀹璺靛浣ㄧぞ哄㈣揪辫锛归╁句浠ｅ涓介绌剁己杩寮变藉挎娉э

藉绀惧虹绌跺烘ㄢ寮ぞ衡涓寮ぞ衡涓ゆ¤缁涓灞寮锛褰剁稿涔绀惧鸿涓轰涓缁绀句㈢卞浣锛绀惧轰涓轰涓绌跺浣ヨ琛瀵锛杩绀惧鸿㈤锛绌跺藉涓ぞ浼锛缁缁锛浜绀句璧ぞ浼缃缁锛ュ父娲讳浜锛浠ュ绀惧哄绛涓婚

娴峰瀛蜂瀵逛腑界绀惧虹绌跺婊″磋叮锛婢冲ぇ╀瀛澶т锛DavidBray锛灏戒000骞村濮绀惧哄缓璁锯杩瑙涓鸿浆舵涓藉绀惧轰虫翠釜藉哄娌荤娉ф灏煎ぇ瀛腑界绌朵腑蹇╂帮LuigiTomba锛浣垮ㄩ澹涓藉绀惧虹婚挎不锛TheGovernment Next Door锛NeigborhoodPolitics in Urban China锛ㄤ0涓骞村虹涔究寮璧蜂瀛虫敞锛浜0涓勾寰妫跺褰涓界ぞ烘不疯瑙涓烘浠渚浜村褰绀惧轰腑哄骞查ㄣ绀惧哄姘浠ュ甯轰富浣ュ父瀹璺碉涓浠藉娉х瑕ユ锛涔藉娌荤藉瑕浣

╂扮绌剁虫敞瑰ㄤュ父娲诲璺电瀵锛灏ゅ跺虫敞ュ父ㄧぞ烘不杩绋涓杩浠舵风肩棰垮ㄩ澹渚垮瑙涓浣ㄧぞ烘锛CommunityEthnography锛绌舵规锛ㄩ╃伴规跺敖芥兜村绫诲绀惧衡板寸浜板垮猴ヨ娌¤界娌宠宸ヤ灏轰互藉骞查杈灏芥灞姘恒

ㄧ伴ヤ腑锛绌惰韩藉ㄥ烘浜х搴浼瀵艰村璁胯娌榛浜瀹绛ユヨ夸纭ч╋甯娲缁达MichaelBurawoy锛ㄢ灞涓娉浠涓胯风搴涓垮锛椤归ㄢ娴姹绌朵腑涔绫讳技╂板ㄧ伴腑存涓缁锛ㄩｄ灞婊稿琛拌触绀惧猴藉浠ｇ浜衡ㄥ轰技涔病褰卞璧瀹э辨寮浠缁涓绀惧哄共ㄩユ风璁胯锛璁胯浼╂版渚澶ч繁ヤ瀹璐电淇℃ㄥ浜涓骇绀惧猴灞姘涓绉淇ゆ杈寮猴剁╀瀵逛ぞ烘不瀹锛浣垮瑙璁胯寰伴撅╂伴╁ㄧぞ轰腑绉浣浠ユ灞姘韬唤瀵瑰绉娲诲ㄨ琛涓瀵

变ぞ鸿韩澶т互琛垮共棰澶锋э浠浠ョ板ぇ澶扮绌堕藉ㄦ蹇典腑妯＄浜琛垮哄涓绀惧衡涓┖磋灞灏衡涔涓╂扮涓婚绀惧衡锛Neighborhood锛村惧浜涓┖寸崇郴杩琛瀹涔锛灞姘挎堕村拌韩澶朵腑锛瀹骞堕濉浜韩绀句璁ゅ锛浜у虹稿绀句缃缁涓卞╃锛剁ぞ浼涓┖存煎苟浜т瑰崇郴锛涓虹瀹绀句锛绀惧猴灞渚浜绌洪翠

绀惧哄辫锛communityconsensus锛垮ㄩ澹涓涔稿姒蹇碉ㄥ哄绉浠ュ藉璇璇卞褰卞涓锛藉绀句朵涓讳琛ㄨ杩芥╃璇璇ㄦュ父瀹璺典腑镐濂锛浣垮瑰ㄦュ父浜ㄦ茬涓揪㈠妗朵辫蜂板璺靛㈡ヨ锛灞姘ㄥ伐风у拌〃杈句釜浣灏兢浣╃璇姹讹寰寰浠ュ藉骞垮璁ゅ璇璇负琛ㄨ揪瑰姣濡绱璐ㄢ娉垛绛锛剁ㄥ璺佃绋涓浜т瀹圭璇璇存璧浜浜藉璇璇娉у苟寮哄浜藉哄娌荤藉

绀惧哄辫ㄦ弧瓒冲藉娌荤涓や釜抽淇璇缁灞锛淇璇绀句绋冲ф垮娉х虹涓锛垮翠负х┿浼撮藉璇璇绯诲ㄤ釜浣ュ父琛ㄤ腑蜂涓锛灞姘ㄦュ父瀹璺典浜涓涓拌ㄥ藉璇璇姝ゅ浜藉褰㈠ㄥ衡绀惧哄辫浜р烘ョ锛跺苟朵骇ヨэ蜂浜ф瀵硅璇昏寮瀵硷绉瑰缇や╃锛姝ュ寤哄急跨兢浣瀵逛藉绂╃渚锛惰缁诧存琛垮共棰浠ュ妯＄变浜洪涔寸

规绀惧虹绀句缁跺典互灞姘娲绘瑰绀惧哄辫浼灞哄锋х瀹璺甸昏蜂ヨ锛涓戒涓宀宸ュㄤ朵寮鸿绀句涓讳宸ヤ汉剁骇璐＄颁锛浜夸涓讳ㄣ娑璐硅淇娉杩涓浠ｈ〃浜涓芥浠ｅ涓跺娉寰垮涓涓杩琛璋ゃㄥ哄ュ父瀹璺典腑锛琛ㄨ宸ュ风у璺典浠褰卞浜藉娌荤缁锛朵浜т藉璇璇琛ㄨユ锛藉烘绀惧哄濮浼涓不绋搴缇や缁缁垮颁骇浼涓╀绠＄朵甯轰富浣灞姘涓绛

ｄ锛ㄥ藉绀句浠ュ澶涓讳ュ父瀹璺典腑锛绀惧哄辫绌剁杩风寰浠ュ锛╂板蜂荤涓轰涓归堕绀惧哄洪骞查ㄥ井瑙娌荤涓涓荤ぞ浼宸ョ纭浜绾㈢嚎浠ュ濉涓骇稿

甯杩ㄥ洪锛Distinction锛绌朵腑璁や负浣哄跺瑕锛惰绀句缁瀵逛瀹＄涓濉╂版部甯杩缁璺锛璁や负ㄤ绀惧轰粹堕绀惧哄洪╀舰澶涓讳绀惧哄辫锛杈惧板藉娌荤绀惧哄洪浣ㄤ袱涓涓ㄧ┖翠堕洪锛濡绀惧哄ㄥ寸楂澧ㄧ绯荤瀹淇浠ュ娌诲宸￠婚锛浜ㄨ璇腑堕洪锛濡姘宸ヤ互娴ㄤ汉瀹涔涓衡浣璐ㄢ缇や藉ㄩ㈠绀句绌洪村绀句跺涓绀惧烘堕浜涓洪绛ワ杩风洪涓浠瀛ㄤ绀惧轰达惰瀛ㄤ埂绀惧轰淬╂版灞浜甯杩浣浣涓哄洪绗瀹涔锛剁ぞ哄洪冲涓锛灞姘轰绀句绌洪锛灞姘涓娲绘瑰绀句颁娑璐逛垮涓骞查褰㈠

ㄧ瀹涓浠浠ョ帮浣灏虹绌洪撮绂荤存瀵艰翠楂妗ｅ轰朵灏轰寸绌洪村洪锛杩绉绌洪村洪涔瀵艰翠村箍娉绀句涓挎不棰洪浠╂兼卞藉伐浜洪剁骇躲板浼绌洪寸浜с锛绀句绉瀛绌跺虫敞绌洪翠涓轰绉ㄧぞ浼灞浠ュ绀句朵腑浣瑕绀句冲锛甯杩绂绘互缁寸藉绌洪粹绾冲ュ剁璁烘讹璁や负绌洪存涓涓浇浣涓伐凤跺舰濉浜绀句缁褰㈡

缁澹锛Gentrification锛杩涓姒蹇垫璧洪杩颁环绛娈靛浜哄缃㈢杩绋褰ｄ宸茬缁澹绀惧猴灞姘瀵圭础ぇ锛朵唬琛ㄤ藉璇璇腑楂绱璐ㄢ涓不缇や锛瀵瑰杈灏藉存骞查╂板缁澹灏鸿涓烘存骞查缁锛杩灏虹楂澧涓ㄧ锛绗涓讳╃灏┖磋堕烘モ寮浜撮妤肩浠锋硷╀跺ヤ村绠＄璐癸版圭〃寰浠ユ锛涓涓昏夸扁浣璐ㄢ浜虹兢甯ョ娼ㄩ┿

ㄩｄ姣垫涓绀惧猴骞朵瀵瑁灞姘琚涓哄绀句绋冲娼ㄥ绱锛藉蹇椤讳富ㄩ炬у共棰ョ‘淇娌荤с杩灞濮浼浣惰В浣涔姘扮渚瀵硅薄锛ョ绀句㈢锛浜灏变轰锛渚绀句绂╀姐ㄩ╂版璋ョ娌抽瑗垮猴藉骞查涓涓富瑕锛杩渚绀句绂╄绀惧哄共ㄦ存繁ュ板涓板哄娌荤涔涓纭绀句绋冲搴绾夸互濉涓瀵瑰藉渚

╂板椤句杩涓绾瑗垮虹磋“锛宸ヤ汉缇やユ寮井甯ヤ绀句娌荤澧瓒“界绀惧洪瑕涓不瀹璺电哄骞查ㄥ氨瓒澶╂扮ㄧ璁℃版堪浜瑗垮鸿浜哄宸ヤ浜哄缇や瑰锛93.5%コэ62.5%骞撮ㄥ冲宀涔33.6%剧杩宸ワ48.6%剧杩涓绠＄锛10.3%剧杩缁锛84.1%锋澶т83.7%璁や负ㄧぞ哄伐浣浠ュ繁浜虹浠峰硷澶板璁胯芥绀惧哄伐浣浣绉村浣绋冲宸ヤ

绀惧哄共ㄧ浠诲芥タ瑰磋叮璇棰锛寰峰藉娴疯锛ThomasHeberer锛涓璐灏锛Christian G0bel锛璁や负绀惧哄共ㄧ浠诲藉ㄦ涓涓娌℃灞姘涓Rubberstamp锛杩绋╂版轰涓涓翠负杩哄瀹昏绀惧哄共ㄢ㈡汉姘虹锛绾т换界锛棣锛绀惧哄共ㄩ瑕缁挎缁锛璧扮兢浼璺嚎锛杩娌荤寰灞姘璁ゅ涓俊浠伙讹哄骞查ㄨ瑕涓ユ兼浠绾ф娲撅骞堕杩瀹ｄ藉璇璇ュ桨捐繁挎不蹇璇

姝わ骞查ㄥ井瑙娌荤灏辨涓哄涓椤瑰堕绀惧哄辫瑕绀惧哄共ㄧュ父宸ヤ娑や藉涓急跨兢浣涔娌锛跺韬唤涓哄跺ㄦュ父娌荤涓绯诲藉涓釜浣渚浜解㈡锛共㈡藉绂╃捐锛锛㈡渚绀句╋杩琛绀句讹㈣涓洪ｄ澶辫界涓宀宸ヤ汉浜锛挎浜藉璇璇ㄥ哄瀹璺典腑浜с

杩寰绌舵块剁骇瑙涓轰唬琛ㄢ绀句瑕娓ぇ瀛绌惰涓猴杩涓绯诲灞浣挎不瀹璺碉灞姘绀惧虹涓涓诲濮锋娉寰不骞堕杩缁褰㈡浣琛ㄦョ淮よ韩锛杩绉姘涓烘р浼瀵瑰藉涓绀句崇郴浜х褰卞╂板璁や负锛绗瑰块剁骇藉浣垮跨涓浣跺宸ヤ浜哄浠ュ甯虹归╂灏辩板跺锛浠浠版版藉璇璇腑缁存ょぞ浼挎不绋冲涓昏棣锛藉杩涓绯诲绂╂跨锛濡楂诲锛楂浣跺宸ヤ浜哄跺ユ按骞筹浣夸浠板跺涓涓洪娑璐圭兢浣藉ㄧ郴缁璇璇腑榧辨璐癸浣垮楂娑璐圭兢浣寰浜璐骇瀹ㄧ淇锛涔浣垮杩涓缇や村惧浜淮ゅ藉濞讹灞姘娑璐圭ㄤ瀹绋搴淇杩浜缁灞锛藉娉ч寰浠ュ己ㄨ涓昏涔涓锛跨兢浣涓哄藉姝ラ濉烘ョ绀句宸ョ锛澶涓讳涔寸绀惧哄辫椤哄

涔涓灏绌惰涓猴绀惧轰腑涓涓荤兢浣涓烘ユ卞浠峰艰缁╃娲绘瑰互娲荤┖达藉舰涓涓涓寮哄ぇ涓骇跺╂板板锛绀惧虹楂澧㈠堕浜涓ㄧ绌洪撮绂伙惰涓寸绀惧鸿竟涔缁ㄥ姘浜琛ㄩ瀹浜淬杩涓搴浣ㄤ袱涓归涓ㄧ┖翠锛浠ョぞ虹╃绌洪翠涓烘浜杈圭锛浜ㄧ涓锛藉寸夸骇浣跨ㄤ环艰琛浜锛涓借Е纰板藉娉т互绀句绋冲搴绾裤杩瑙瀵浜灏轰涓讳涔村氨辩┖翠娇ㄦ浜х绾绾凤╂板锛璁烘涓荤淮浣琛杩ㄧㄦ杩琛ュ锛瑕琛ㄩ藉ㄢ杈圭杩琛锛垮渚垮灏涓诲ㄨ

纭浜绾㈢嚎绗圭绀惧哄辫藉涓诲涓垮颁骇甯哄归╀娇寰ｄユ浣惰灞姘涓烘锛杩ㄥ浜虹虫敞瑰ㄤ浣杩夸骇ヨ寰村缁剁锛姝ゅ浼浜褰㈠扮块剁骇ㄦ繁夸骇挎澧煎淇硷濯浣瀵瑰绉绀句娌诲瀹ｄ涓ラ浣垮绀惧哄ㄤ涓轰涓绘涓哄冲绱绀惧虹楂澧锛灏虹ㄧ绯荤锛ㄥぉ涓ぎ锛涓瀹淇绛灏ゅ跺伴瑙ㄦ浜杩绋涓涓涓婚甯镐ㄢ姝ｄ璐ｄ换璇淇♀娑璐硅绀惧哄缓璁锯绛藉璇璇涓哄惰ㄥх瑙ｉ锛杩ㄥ璺靛寮哄浜藉璇璇娉уㄣ

褰绀惧鸿ラ宠缁锛Self-organization锛绌惰涓猴ｄ扁磋叮瀵煎褰㈡灞姘缁缁ヤ灏瀛涓榛璧锋ョ绀句㈢锛Solidarity锛斤涓哄姘ㄦ惰琛浣琛ㄦ渚浜缁缁涓姐浣╂扮缁绌舵涓瑙癸ㄧぞ烘不璇璇锛绀惧轰腑涓讳介瑕涓垮寤虹瀵绯伙ｄ垮缁缁瑕ㄦ垮烘娉ㄥ锛灞姘缁瑕ㄦ垮澶妗锛涓涓诲浼棰瀵间换戒ュ父娲诲ㄩ瑕ㄨ涓濮浼瀵间杩琛锛杩绉藉涓ぞ浼缁缁涔寸被浼间富涔崇郴浣垮绀惧鸿缁插借跺ㄦ杈圭涔涓

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锛TheGovernment Next Door锛Neighborhood Politics in UrbanChina.Tomba锛Luigi.CornellUniversity Press.2014锛

浣锛娴峰      ユ锛璇讳功2018骞寸04