缁濠涓界瑙ｇ锛浠 |褰浠ｉ骞寸ュ

涓ヤ惰捣锛涓烘翠釜绀句璇棰涔涓锛璁烘涓瀹涔锛杩绗90╁氨绉浜锛藉ㄦ藉ㄧ骞磋交浜虹锛浼间涓涓瓒充互璋浜虹ㄨ风澶х澧涓浠淇蹇瀹瀹

ヨ锛KY甯浜充浠ｉ骞寸璋ワ缁卞34,490浠芥凤朵腑99.39%璁垮勾榫15-44宀涔达灞浜缁缁扮瀹骞粹达83.53%涓哄ф锛浠舵ョ锛60.42%韬27.93%辨锛9.48%宸插锛2.17%绂诲涓у躲

涓㈡ョ璋ョ

ㄨヤ腑锛澶у瀵硅繁扮绋搴琛浜110璇浼帮朵腑59.94%浜鸿ュ姘村钩涓洪锛8-10锛锛33.24%浜鸿ュ姘村钩涓

浠堕杩瀹规绱уモ宸ヤ寰澶р绛8棰娴琛ㄧュ板瑙姘村钩锛缁剧ず浠28.01%浜哄瑙绋搴纭楂锛65.35%浜哄浜腑绛姘村钩锛瀹㈣姘村钩浣浜哄6.63%锛涓ュ姘村钩浣浜虹兢姣渚6.82%杈涓烘杩涔灏辨锛冲1/3浜洪浼颁繁绋搴

浣芥病浣互涓虹ｄ

浠ㄤ澶绡涓缁杩锛绉浠ヤ蹇蹇娣蜂贡舵涓虹瑰缁甯告绉娉涓涓瀵规绉电杩搴搴锛浼存璇稿ュ韪辨韬辨ㄥ娌绛绁缁涓恒绉涓昏涓涓蹇涓瀹蹇х瑙锛瀹虫棰ョ浜浠躲

跺锛浜轰滑扮簿绁涓锛姣濡绔惧琚规绘峰ュㄤュ悍т涓娉ㄦ娉涓

浜浜虹浼浼撮瀹绋搴涓锛濡澶存涓虹跺蹇搞哥煎告ヤょ灏块灏挎ョ锛Smith, 2008锛浠璋ョ剧ず锛绋搴涓ラ璁匡韬涓绋搴瓒楂锛浜姝ｇ稿冲崇郴锛P<0.01锛

涓у姘村钩捐宸锛P<0.01锛锛锋х姘村钩姣濂虫ф翠姘村钩楂濂虫у28.79%锛锋ф渚涓23.49%浠ュ绌剁璁哄凡璇瀹锛с浠ュ稿崇涓浜绱涓浼筹渚濡锛涓楂搴稿崇绁缁川杩涓浜烘肩硅川澶х害50%遍浼绱冲锛锛杩浜稿崇绱ㄥコт腑浼уぇ浜锋э渚濡濂虫ф村藉绁缁川绋搴瀵艰寸缁

濂虫ф锋ф村缁娼ㄥ浼や浠讹渚濡村蹇т镜浜浠剁у茬濉杩绋涔浼璁╁コу绀句瑙绀句瑙村(Kessler & McLeod, 1984)杩浜绀句绱涔浼浣垮濂虫х绋搴撮涓杩锛绀句瀵逛锋х绘垮拌薄涔浼瀵艰寸锋уㄤ涓归㈡挎村锛骞跺寸

涓浠充涓濠舵绋搴病惧樊寮宸插浜虹兢骞舵病姣浜虹兢寸锛涔浜躲

涓杩锛璁跨骞撮瓒澶э姘村钩瓒浣p<0.01锛锛茬搴跺ュ锛姘村钩涔浼浣杩芥变骞撮澧匡浜轰滑娲绘骞磋交跺翠负瑙寰锛涓娲讳浠剁棰浣讹涓灞浣垮缁交锛舵杩ユ村介舵锛涔ㄤ瀹绋搴浜舵濠濮诲虹瀵艰寸璐㈡缁Henderson, Jorm, Korten,Jacomb, Christensen & Rodgers锛1998锛

锛涔藉涓哄勾绾ぇ涓浜浜哄ㄢ韬炬涔藉村杞绘惧板瀵圭濂璺锛瀵逛涔灏卞寰涓ｄ浜锛ラ

浠ワ缁濠瀵归浣娌＄浣浠ャ

浠锛浜轰滑杩ㄩ瓒楂绀句氦棰瓒楂缃缁浣跨ㄦ堕磋灏锛姘村钩瓒浣ㄦぉ借ㄧ浜虹兢涓20.96%浜哄瑙姘村钩涓洪锛ㄤ杩ㄧ浜虹兢涓杩涓渚涔涓ゅ锛杈39.56%锛风锛ㄦぉ芥绀句氦娲诲ㄧ浜虹兢涓瀹㈣姘村钩涓洪浜哄23.59%锛浠涓ぞ浜ゆ椿ㄧ浜哄39.11%姘村钩涓洪

澶ч绌惰瀹锛浣叉椿ㄥ荤煎绉甯╋缃缁浣跨ㄦ堕翠姘村钩涔琚瀹姝ｅ绯汇

浠ワ灏涓缃澶杩ㄣ澶绀句氦锛

充锛杩1/4浜猴24.97%锛涓哄涓/浜涓灞杈句伴锛舵16.78%浜轰浜插崇郴涓澶/娉寰颁翰瀵崇郴15.77%浜哄缁扮

瑕灞瑕便瑕憋戒

涓у富瑕归㈡病寰澶у樊寮锛涓濠舵浜烘浜涓涓枫浜哄负浜繁锛瓒杩1/4韬变腑浜烘村瀛/浜涓灞杈句拌繁棰锛濠濮荤浜猴宸插绂诲涓у讹界朵ㄦ涓锛浣寮濮蹇瀛濂崇锛杩1/10浜烘蹇ц繁娉汇插ソ瀛濂炽

涓纭ф澶фユ浠ｄ汉瓒ヨ骞挎锛涓浠涓浠釜浜鸿芥扮涓纭х搴筹杩涓釜浜哄涓纭х瀹瑰搴炽涓纭у蹇搴　浜轰滑浼ㄥ澶х搴瑕瀵绘惧棰娴эㄤ纭典浼濡浣搴锛Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos& Calvo锛2007锛

浠璇峰璁垮涔澶浜浼璁╂甯告伯涓р灏戒绘琛ㄢ绛5椤归杩拌琛ゆ娴澶у瀵逛纭瀹瑰搴璁夸滑杩瀵硅繁扮涓纭ц琛浜锛1-10锛锛版缁剧ず锛浜轰滑瀵逛纭у蹇搴浣扮娲讳纭绋搴楂锛剁姘村钩涔灏辫楂锛p<0.01锛稿崇郴板负0.460.36锛

姝ゅ锛杈绔浜澶绀句翠姘撮藉寮轰浜轰滑缁(璋涓㈠绉扳娲绘繁锛涓㈡舵跺诲昏韬竟浜轰ㄦ锛)

涓互寰告锛褰浠ｉ骞寸村借薄锛涓浠ュ父灏变绛蜂や浠峰奸句互瀹瀛ㄦ涓уけ浜х缁涓灏璁垮ㄨヤ腑琛ㄧず 浠ヤ戒涓ラ涓轰涔灏辨

杩绉句互杩芥函蜂骞朵涓汉蹇灞村垫板绀句缁杩浜х褰卞杩涓骞翠腑界ぞ浼缁х杩锛涓娴ㄦу寮恒寰澶涓绂诲灞缇や瀹跺涵锛杩ユ扮缇や锛杩涓绋涓汉浠界浜涓瀹绋搴涓纰锛浠ｉ涔寸缁寰绀句绯诲锛浜轰滑复涓纭烘舵村浠Twenge, 2000)

涓归涓ㄥ浜哄浜绀句颁涓娴缁′欢娲荤澧绛界歌浜惰杈宸ㄥぇ瑰锛淇℃灞浣垮淇℃╂ｆ翠负瀹规锛浜轰滑存朵浜虹娲荤舵姣濡浠浠ラ堕杩寰俊寰ヨㄧ界挎朵浼村凡缁璐㈠扁村浜х稿ュず璋ヤ腑锛灏辨杩1/3璁胯涓衡杈姣杈寮哄浜浠浠

ㄧぞ浼杩锛涓介骞磋缁浜洪崇郴茬т缁ョ锛涓涓骞朵瀹ㄥ浜釜浣锛瑕瀵逛瀹跺涵瀹舵璐ｃ褰浠ｉ骞存惰ユ撮跨插勾锛骞村炬涔撮匡涔瑕存浜骞村纭浜涓寤虹稿瀹跺涵灏界浠借涓轰缁跺害宸茶磋凯锛浣浼缁褰卞骞朵浼濡姝よ拌瀹ㄦ规澶чㄥ骞磋交浜烘剧朵解涓绔锛存浠璁や负ｆ瑕杈炬涓涓task

璋ヤ腑锛瓒杩涓璁匡53.57%锛浜绉浣ㄣ浜瀹涓锛褰姘村钩纭藉府╀汉浠瑙璁よ澶澧璋ヤ腑锛27.31%22.31%18.24%灏浼磋涓虹藉渚娲荤轰锛甯╂村ソ拌璇繁寮哄涔/宸ヤㄥ骞垛楂瀵圭娲婚╃璀

涓归涔浼褰卞涓娉ㄥ璁板瑕姹杈楂浠诲＄琛ㄧ锛Eysenck & Calvo, 1992)璋ヤ腑锛澶у璁や负瀵艰存涓昏涓椤规褰卞娉ㄦ涓锛瀛/宸ヤ宸跨ぞ浜も椋娆蹭＄涓濂解锛绛23.84%20.27%16.86%

灏界褰卞濂芥杩83.07%璁胯〃绀烘剧璇绉瑰繁舵锛浠堕浜澶у濡浣涓卞涓浜瑙瑰规锛26.09%47.36%璁胯涓烘惧伴娲绘瑰缂瑙ｇ甯╅甯稿ぇ姣杈澶э瀛ユ/瀹杩ㄣ惧ソ娌杩涓ょ瑰芥╀瑙ｇ锛涓娆″拌浜锛杩ㄥ绀句氦瓒澶锛绋搴瓒浣杩涓璧跺揩绾璁镐濂藉锛锛ヨ韩缁锛

瓒杩扮灏浼磋涓烘杩锋父/缃缁规31.24%28.33%浜鸿涓虹涓瑗垮府╅甯稿姣杈灏虫煎藉伐浣杩绉浼肩Н琛涓哄璐ㄤ芥ㄥ跨锛芥濂锛挎翠

濡浣宠绉瀵规锛浠ヨ璇涓㈢规锛

a) 浜┿

㈢剁寰澶х搴浜汉涓纭锛ｅ浠ヨ棰璁″复澶х跺锛涓舵蹇界澶辫触绔涓瀹锛涓濡璇璇戒负浠涔浼瀵艰村け璐ョ涓ワ炬炬规垮杩浜澶辫触濡芥繁涓藉椋╋ｅ浠ュ濡浣澶杩涓╁濂戒涓姝ョ瑙

讹璇浠芥浜╁濮璧凤瑙ｇ锛姝ユ惧姣濡挎澹锛界版澶╃灏换″氨澶╁500涓跺涔浠ョ繁涓浜灏憋姣濡瀹5000瀛灏卞浠ュ辫繁涔颁浠跺楗般

寰澶浜虹箍娉х锛瀹规瀵逛╄琛璐㈡锛ｅ浠ユ拌琛璁ょュ樊瑰璁涓浜蹇瀛浼寤鸿浜轰滑虫敞璁板姣ぉ扮5浠朵护浜烘版浜锛灏辨浠ラ娓娉ㄦ杞Щ颁╃绉归

寰澶跺扮锛ｉ芥纭锛璇村洪㈢己涔剁瑙甯ョ姣濡璇存惧涔姣涓惧伐浣跺锛杩炬甯璇鹃跺锛烘氨楂宄版浜锛涓轰ラ句惧帮涔涓ラ芥惧颁涔风朵颁崇宠锛浣杩己杩繁浜璇繁涓绠＄濡浣借灏藉绁濂涓绛杈惧版锛ㄦ浜宠锛璺濂杈涔绫荤浜灏卞交浜寰澶锛涓烘ラㄦ杩

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b) 瑙瀵锛骞跺蜂繁

浜浜哄戒琚缁韩缂锛ｄ浣瑕

涓鸿繁瑙瑙瀵锛涓烘涓浜芥存繁灞缁汉浠插尽娈点濡寰澶缂瑙ｇ规瀵逛锛璇惰界姝ｆ澶存抽

姣濡锛褰浣蹇р浼寰瀛ょ跺锛浣藉ㄦ崇寰澶锛娲讳濂斤娌℃浜轰娆㈡褰浣瑙瀵繁瑙讹浼版颁戒ｄ釜涓纭ワ宠寮杩浜璐㈢瑙

浣涔浠ヨ缁虫绫绘涓绛撅涓存虫敞虫瀹广褰浣娉ㄦ拌繁ㄦ蹇э渚濡褰浣寮濮蹇浣浼澶辫触缁涓绉澶卞锛锛缁瀹涓绛锯ㄦ蹇р濡浣寮濮硅繁锛涓绛锯硅杩涓绋藉甯╀辩虫瀹癸垮琚瀹瑰颁璁╀瀵光ㄥ浠涔浠ュ涓轰涔浼杩浜虫杩绋存瑙ワ杩蜂涔璁歌芥帮杩朵村瑙骞冲瑰ョ寰ㄧ澶澧

涓瑕瀹虫韩锛镐俊繁浠ヤ瀵硅卞锛虫╃ㄥソ杩绉缁

姣冲颁浜浜锛浼剧┖涓涓锛跺繁蹇姝ゅ荤冲浠ユヨ褰㈠褰涓ワ跺涓涓病浜虹版瑰涓澶ф20锛跺ㄤ娈垫堕村杩杩绡ヨ板瑙繁锛剁涓惧涔澶锛杩寤堕夸垮堕翠瀵逛涔娲荤褰卞

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c) 瀛炬撅涓

浠ラ╁ユ炽ㄣ炬澶┿冲浜璺褰崇浜锛姣濡娲琛ｆ杩浜浜韩藉甯╀澧涓瀹锛涔浣夸涓涓村板ㄧ涓寰澶璁垮ㄨ繁浜涓帮ユ冲杩ㄧ甯╄繁藉辩缁村涓娉ㄥ版ョ间搴璇ョ浠诲°浣浠ラ╀浜ユ冲伐凤楂娉ㄦ＄璐ㄩ杩浜藉浠ュ府╂瑰浣缁剁藉

澶у姣涓璁烘涓椤哄╋琚ワ姣ぉ璺姝5В

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2018骞存濠涔渚挎瀛锛瀵逛涓瀹绐跺版ワ瓒虫锛跺父锛瀹虫繁涓藉寰濂界插苟昏插瀹锛瑙瀵拌繁缁渚挎崇瀵绘炬缁哄涓涓浜缁浠ュ寰稿交骞朵韩涔褰浜濡濡鸿璁濂硅惧璇寸姣璇锛濂硅寰澶濡濡绗娆℃瀛堕戒绫讳技锛浣跺涓ㄥお蹇㈡㈠ㄦ浜锛骞惰璁板杩涓浼涓逛婊寸浜锛浼涓缃ユ炬绌洪叉堕磋繁插夸功绫锛ㄦ楂寸蹇澶杩杩涓瀹版ワ

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浠ヤ腑界帮浠韩璁よ跺苟涓ｄ纭浜汉涓璁虹锛浠板甯稿澶稿ぇ浜纭锛寰寰ヨ纭э浣娲荤涓纭灏辨绉浜虹甯告锛瀹涔崇村芥с

甯浠借戒互村剁搴绾崇娲讳腑ㄤā绯涓瑕瀹虫锛ㄦ寸Н搴蛋ュ朵腑锛ㄨ繁杩烽句腑绱㈠哄浜繁璺

濡浣蹇繁㈠杩朵唬姘翠版锛ｄ瀵绘炬村浜洪杩э澶涓繁瀹虫锛灏璇瀹朵汉澶璇磋繁杩靛

甯稿父涓韩锛瀹村涓矾锛璁よユ锛璁稿藉浠绀哄烘浠韩浜绉瀵娼姐ㄤ璁虹璐╁朵唬涓涓濡ㄥ涓涓绾崇璁よ浜哄с

浠ヤ

KY浣 / Mikasa

缂杈 / KY涓诲浠

Reference锛

Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo,M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory.Emotion,7(2), 336.

Eysenck, M. W., & Calvo, M. G. (1992). Anxiety andperformance: The processing efficiency theory. Cognition & Emotion, 6(6),409-434.

Henderson, A. S., Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P.,Christensen, H., & Rodgers, B. (1998). Symptoms of depression and anxietyduring adult life: evidence for a decline in prevalence with age. Psychologicalmedicine, 28(6), 1321-1328.

McLean, C. P., & Anderson, E. R. (2009). Brave menand timid women? A review of the gender differences in fear and anxiety.Clinical psychology review, 29(6), 496-505.

Stewart, S. H., Taylor, S., & Baker, J. M. (1997).Gender differences in dimensions of anxiety sensitivity. Journal of AnxietyDisorders, 11(2), 179200. doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00005-4

Twenge, J. M. (2000). The age of anxiety? The birthcohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 19521993.Journal of personality and social psychology,79(6), 1007.