濡浣绉瀛寰骞哥锛

澶╂浠跺颁＄瑷锛瑷璇达充璧锋ヤ娆¤繁瑙寰骞哥涔跺浜瑙寰繁寰濂斤杈濂界宸ヨ锛杩濂冲锛瀹朵汉璇存搴璇ョヨ冻浜锛浣昏寰缂轰逛涔璇ユ

璁稿涔绫讳技锛璇磋繁寰浜浠浜鸿涓哄浠ュ甫ュ垢绂浜╋浣杩灏板垢绂筹浠浠跺涔涓娓妤骞哥板绉风瑙ｄ锛板浠涔垢绂涓轰涔浠娉板垢绂浠涔界浠甫ュ垢绂浠澶╋浠氨骞哥

Merriam-Webster锛瀛稿绠版骞哥瀹涔涓猴a.涓绉瀛ㄧ舵锛ㄨ绉舵锛涓缁甯浜涔婊¤冻版涔翠绛b. 涓绉璁╀汉浠弧瓒崇缁

╁1960骞达璁拌 Gordon Young鹃瀛ぇ甯ｆ硷浣璁や负锛宠寰骞哥锛Happiness锛锛浜虹被澶磋瑕蹇澶烘绱锛

ｆ肩ㄤ互涓5瑰绛浜杩涓:

1. ソ蹇ュ悍

2. ソ浜洪浜插崇郴锛渚濡濠濮汇瀹跺涵崇郴绛

3. 浠烘朵腑ョ藉

4. 涓瀹娲绘按浠や汉婊℃宸ヤ

5. 涓绉藉扮ㄦュ瀵逛浜杩锛the vicissitudes of life锛插瀹瑙瑙

浜澶骞存ョ绌跺锛浠缁骞哥姘村钩锛变归㈢绱冲绗归㈡浠垢绂璧风规按骞筹set point, ㄥ姣S浠ｏ锛璧风规按骞虫卞澶╅浼哄绛绱冲锛瀵规浠骞哥姘村钩璧峰50%冲浣ㄣ绗归㈡浠娲诲澧锛life circumstances, ㄥ姣C浠ｏ锛娲诲澧藉浜姝ｉ㈣㈢浜浠讹姣濡濠濮荤舵锛跺ユ按骞筹澶璨锛锛＄璐ㄩ娲诲澧瀵规浠骞哥璧峰10%冲浣ㄣ绗归㈠с蹇挎х琛voluntary activities, ㄥ姣V浠ｏ锛浠藉瑰浠垢绂姘村钩ㄥ锛╀40锛冲浣ㄦㄦ浠繁

蹇瀛Bill von Hippelㄥ充垢绂璇剧涓颁汉浠澶跺浼茬拌拷姹ｄ互涓轰璁╀浠垢绂浜┾锛存缁寰虫浠璁や负浜轰滑娉板垢绂涓昏涓绉锛

a. 涓烘浠澶ц荤间ワ涓涓骞哥

Von Hipple浠缁锛朵ㄧ╀锛浜虹被澶ц灞轰瑙ョ藉锛界跺缁浠甫ュソ澶锛撮荤浜浠ュ涓骞哥濂藉浠芥璁″伴垮灏ョ椋╋ㄤ汉绫诲灞杩绋涓捣浜寰澶тㄣ杩绉藉峰甫ヤ锛浠涓崇娌″宸ヤ涓洪ｄ杩娌″遍╂锛存娉涓鸿繁褰涓缇ソ澶澧板揩涔宠骞哥浜轰滑瑕繁浠ユ界烘ワ板姝ゆ舵荤涓涓跺充娇韬浼缇澧凡缁寰灏憋浠浼颁婊″

b. 浜ㄦヨ浠板垢绂浜锛ㄦ诲翠浼璁╂浠垢绂

Von Hipple璇达浜轰滑骞舵板垢绂绗涓锛涓轰汉浠冲扮骞哥蹇涓骞哥浜褰朵浼甯ュ垢绂浜锛浼ㄦュ蹇惰浜哄垢绂浠寮ㄤ涓椤圭绌舵猴ㄥ甫瀛╁讹浜轰滑扮蹇涓氨瀹跺″樊涓澶锛杩杩涓佃舵扮蹇锛浣褰浜宠捣ワ浜轰滑磋寰甯瀛浠や浠垢绂涓浼璇粹佃璁╂骞哥

杩涓猴褰浠蹇讹瀵逛娈电浣鸿浠蜂富瑕浜楂娼缁灞锛涓撮ㄥ寰寰琚拷ワ杩宄扮瀹寰锛peak-end rule锛涔灏辨锛璁板骞哥嘲煎缁灞骞冲笺杩涔瑙ｉ浜涓轰涔甯瀛璁╀汉骞哥涓哄瀛村缁浜轰滑甯ョ瓒涔甯哥蹇浣楠锛杩浜宄板间楠寰瀹规ㄥ蹇惰宠捣锛璁╀汉浠板垢绂佃寸纰骞虫贰锛瀹规琚汉蹇蹇界ャ浠ワ宠骞哥搴褰╁涓浜界浠甫ュ宄颁楠浜锛讹涔璁镐姝ｅㄥ浜姝ゅ昏浣扮纰浣涔璁告ュ宠捣ヤ板垢绂

c. 浠浠ヤ负涓浜浜借浠垢绂跺

界舵浠瀛涓拌拷姹骞哥浣涔璁告浠浜瑰锛浠寰浜╋涔璁告界浠甫ュ垢绂涓㈡浠浜涓锛缁澶у璁茶浼艰藉甫ュ垢绂浜╋跺

路辫借浠垢绂锛涓瀹锛浣杩澶

涓汉浠宠薄涓锛变垢绂涔村苟涓存稿炽

瀵逛ｄ璐┓浜烘ヨ锛瑕浠浠寰村憋浠浠氨浼寰村骞哥锛姝ゆ堕卞骞哥涔寸崇郴存杩涓猴褰浜轰滑杩ㄤ负瀛娲烩讹浜轰滑娉寰骞哥娲诲ㄩ挎楗ラタ遍╀腑浜哄氨涓浼骞哥惰锛涓浜轰滑变璐帮变垢绂涔寸稿冲氨涓ｄ捐浜缇界绌舵剧ず锛ㄧ斤褰浣骞存跺ヤ7涓5缇讹璧寰瓒澶灏辫骞哥惰瓒杩浜杩涓ㄦ锛璧7.5涓杩10涓甯ョ骞哥宸涓澶с

姝ゅ锛蹇瀛锛ｄ娓存寰村璐㈠涓骇剁骇瀵瑁浜猴缁父浼琚颁绉琚О涓衡浜搴锛hedonic treadmill锛蹇舵浜搴锛界朵汉浠寰村ソ╄川娲诲浜锛浣骞哥浼杩搴扮锛涓浼涔扮淮涓涓treadmill姝ユ猴杩涓璇舰璞″拌〃杈惧轰浜轰滑涓板璧帮浣跺村缁ㄥ般

涓句釜渚瀛锛涓寮濮瀵逛涓汉ヨ锛棰绻板澶琛ア渚浜浣涓揪锛杩涓汉灏变杩涓圭锛缁ц寮濮杩芥澶寸憋崇浜洪恒浠寰蹇搴扮╄川′欢锛寰瓒澶锛娓存灏变瓒澶骞哥ㄥ樊涓澶姘村钩

绌舵剧ず锛跺ユ按骞宠楂浜猴瀵逛繁娲荤稿婊℃浣ㄥ蜂涓涓跺讳涓跺荤骞哥涓浠浠姣朵浜虹绋楂轰圭广浠浠浣跺ヤ汉缇ゆ村锛涓涓澶辨堕村ㄥ蜂浜涓轰富娲诲ㄤ撮瑕跺ュ甫ョ娲绘弧瓒虫浼间荤杞抽

澶锛涓浜瀛璁や负锛浠拷姹璐㈠澶уㄥ负浜ㄤ瀵瑰ご绔浜涓寰颁浼裤㈠璇璇达涓浠ユ澶灏冲浜浠骞哥搴浠ㄥ汉姣杈涓稿浼裤涔璁镐跺ュ凡缁楂锛浣濡浣诲ㄥ翠汉姣浣跺ユ撮锛杩缁浣甯ョ稿ュず

路瓒澶ц借浠骞哥锛锋涓

浜轰滑崇涓涓凤т涓澶瓒濂姐涓椤硅浜11,285峰＋涓14,225濂冲＋锛胯揪澶骞寸绌舵剧ず锛涓х棰拌揪涓ㄤ娆★澶у氨涓界浣澧骞哥稿锛瑕姹村缁浣村ぇ锛浜瀹涓锛ㄥ涓椤瑰充ч涓垢绂绌朵腑锛绌惰瑕姹瀹楠缁澧涓ч锛缁澶у锛涓澶у颁娌¤芥楂涓锛涓楂40%棰锛

杩涓猴浜轰滑芥芥堕村浜插杩涓郊姝ゅ缁锛瑕涓や汉＄堕淬宸ヤ寮哄害褰兼跨绛濡瑕姹杩澶э浼甯ヨ澶骞宠　у朵娲讳椤圭涓锛伴娉浠ｈ川ㄦт腑浜楂璐ㄩ浜ㄥ浜插锛绾拷娆℃版娉夸唬(Castleman, 2016; Ellis, 2015)

路杩ュ濮讳瀹借浠村垢绂锛涓

瀵归ｄ甯缁濠芥瑰繁娲荤舵濠娲昏芥村垢绂浜轰滑ヨ锛杩釜濠濮诲苟涓浼璁╀汉浠寰村垢绂18椤归挎绌舵剧ず锛ㄥ浜轰滑骞哥骞舵病瀵归ｄ缁浼绂诲浼翠荆浠瑷锛缁濠骞哥害浼涓锛村版㈠韬借浠浠骞哥害版锛浣涔芥娉拌姘村钩

姝ゅ锛涓椤规ぇ╃绌舵存锛濂虫уㄤ抚朵姣ㄥ濮荤娲诲村揩涔绌惰琛ㄧず锛杩芥涓轰澶瀛ㄨ濠濮讳腑濂虫ф瑙版村绾杩寰存伯涓с浠ワ濡浣瑙寰濠娲诲苟涓骞哥浼翠荆骞朵锛涓瑕缁浜濠芥瑰杩涓锛介杩濠濮绘瑰浼翠荆锛稿锛涓浜鸿蛋ュ濮伙娲诲垢绂抽(DePaulo, 2013; Stoppard, 2016)

路缇瀹借浠村垢绂锛涓涓瀹锛涓哄垢绂抽ㄤ濂界

澶璨骞哥涓俊锛涔灏辨锛ㄥ璨界浣甯モ俊涓锛界浣甯ュ垢绂锛浣缇俊存┿璁稿涓俊ㄥ淇グ澶璨渚舵娉骞哥涓轰浠寸涓俊婊ら锛璁や负缇繁涓姝ｇ缇宸锛涓俊涔浼渚舵村虫敞浠浜虹璐㈠棣锛崇变瑰澶璨存病甯ュソ缁村娑娌浠ワ涓朵娉ㄤ瑰澶璨锛村虫敞稿搴璇ユㄩ㈡俊

路涓涓ぉ姘村ソ版硅借浣骞哥锛涓涓瀹锛ら浣朵舵冲板

ㄤ涓ぉ姘寰宸版圭娲诲宸ヤ锛涔璁镐浼筹濡颁涓ぉ姘村ソ版瑰氨浼蹇浣蹇瀛涓瑰凹灏路″肩绌跺锛骞堕濡姝わｄ浜澶╂′汉宸浜轰滑锛骞舵病姣杩村揩涔

″兼猴杩涓轰汉浠ㄢ够瑙锛focus illusion锛锛涔灏辨锛褰浠冲讹浠杩搴虫敞涓涓绱藉甫ョ骞哥锛蹇界ラや杩涓绱澶锛杩璁稿朵绱蜂宸骞哥锛虫杩涓绱瑕瑕寰澶㈣涔锛褰浣琚板ぉ姘讹浣浼瑙寰颁澶╂寸ソ版圭‘瀹浼村垢绂ュ父娲讳腑锛浣浼蹇界ュぉ姘瀵瑰垢绂褰卞

a. 借繁

寰澶浜虹镐俊锛浠瑕辩╂锛藉寰骞哥绌跺锛姣璧蜂浜朵锛ュ悍姘村钩舵瀹绛锛遍╄藉濂藉伴娴娲绘弧害

杩涔瑕充涓汉寸镐俊涓汉╋杩寸镐俊涓浜澶ㄥ冲锛姣濡借锛惰繁ョ涓瑗裤遍╂藉奖骞哥姘村钩锛村浜姣杈句互褰卞涓哄镐俊繁瀵逛繁╂跺浼瑙寰涓芥借冲

绠瑷涔锛ｄ镐俊繁藉卞伴╋涓瀵逛繁娲绘跺浜猴村骞哥

姝ゅ锛╃瑰寰瑕锛姣璧疯拷姹瀹缇婊¤冻浣磋藉甫ュ垢绂Von Hipple猴浜轰滑涓ょ╅硷瀹缇锛maximizer锛婊¤冻锛satisficer锛瀹缇浜哄娆㈠ㄥ╁锛介椤归借杩锛婊¤冻浜哄娆㈠揩板冲锛藉婊¤冻浠浠浣浠浠瑙寰瓒冲濂解灏辫绌跺锛瀹缇浜烘惧版村ソ宸ヤ村ぇ锛浣ㄥ宸ヤ娲荤婊℃害涓磋涓婊¤冻浜恒涓哄缇ㄦ杈杩绋涓浼涓板繁寮锋垮朵椤癸婊¤冻浜猴寰扮浜╁氨宸茬寮蹇浜

b. 姣璧疯遍变拱涓瑗匡涔扮璁╂浠村垢绂

辫戒拱ュ垢绂锛涔璁稿浠ワ浣充涔颁涔Von Hipple寤鸿璇达姣璧蜂拱涓涓╁锛涔颁娈电界浣甯ユ存涔骞哥涓句釜渚瀛锛濡浣涔板锛杩娈垫堕磋涓涔璁镐藉缁浣甯ヤ拱涓瀹ｄ寸蹇锛瀹娴琛绋搴椴澶琛ㄩ戒锛惰锛濡浣遍卞搴娓革磋寰缇ソ蹇村浠ヨ浣ㄥ涔涔跺炽

c. 3浠剁Н灏

姣澶╃讹涓涓浠朵澶╄浣板揩涔灏杩浠朵浠ュ扳ㄨ矾杈圭瑙涓靛辩灏锛浠澶╁溅跺颁杩涓规涓浠浼璁╀ㄨ褰跺诲涓哄宠捣ｄ磋寮蹇锛杩浼浣夸村娲讳腑浼煎井涓瓒抽缇ソ浜锛澧ュ父骞哥涓娈垫堕村ュ椤撅浣灏变浣姣繁宠薄涓骞歌寰澶锛涔浼宠捣寰澶藉涓哄お灏琚贰蹇浜骞歌跺汇绌惰〃杩涓规涓浠浠ュ府╂浠楂ュ父骞哥锛杩浠ヤ瀹绋搴版瑰讹Seligman, Steen, Park & Peterson锛2005)

d. 姣ぉ涔浠ヨ浣村揩涔

绌剁剧ず锛姣ぉ涓寮繁绗稿浠ヨ褰澶╁村ソ风锛缁浜繁浜瑙寰寮蹇剧锛浜璁や负浠浠浜浼寮蹇剧涔浠ヨ繁蹇濂藉涔炬汉浠娆㈡ㄧぞ浜ょ缁涓扮濂界剧瑙棰浜汉浜锛Chen锛Mark & Ali锛2016锛

e. 甯╀浜鸿浠村垢绂

╀琛涓鸿借浠村垢绂姣濡ㄥ伐浣跺府浜瑰锛璧板ㄨ矾涓绛矾绛锛借芥╀汉蹇杩涓猴镐俊繁甯╀浜恒瑰浜浠浜虹板借浜轰滑瑙寰繁娲绘存锛甯ヤ骞哥浠ヨ璇缁浠浜哄甫ュ揩涔锛涔璁歌借浠村垢绂

Reference锛

Castleman, M. (2016). Would More Sex Really Make You Happier? Psychology Today.

Ellis, M. (2015). More money, more sex, more happiness? Not necessarily, study says. MedicalNewsToday.

Chen, Y., Mark, G., & Ali, S. (2016). Promoting positive affect through smartphone photography. Psychology of Well-Being, 6(1), 8.

DePaulo, B. (2013). Marriage and Happiness: 18 Long-Term Studies. Psychology Today

Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. American psychologist, 60(5), 410.

Stoppard, M. (2016). Single women are healthier and happier than married women - and it's no surprise. Mirror.

Von Hipple, B. (2012). Suprising Truths about Happiness. Youtube.

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