灏涓椋-捐

灏涓垮绮绮

2014骞寸褰灏涓涓界浜瀛ｃ涔涓椁锛朵腑姣涓涓浠缁浜杩涓浜娲叉澶х楂宸ュ涓涓瀹跺涵锛濂冲垮涔澶楂锛姣浜茬簿蹇涓哄コ垮澶涓椁锛ユ卞锛邯姝ｅ瑙涓绉璺竟垮锛╋淇绮库涓涓锛褰颁缁瑕垮绮绮′欢绠锛浣邯渚堕靛惊杩涓淇娴告场锛姹锛纰垮ｅ洪甸垫棣澶х背纾ㄦ绮锛ュ歌锛跨椋冲ュ绘村涓板琛°楗煎舰绫冲惧ョ甸ゼ锛板涓绉规娓棣褰伴冲锛垮绮绮虫伴虹褰瀛ｉコ块璋变腑濂界璋浜插井绗璇达缁濂冲块杩涓浜虹褰涓缇ソ跺烩锛瀹ㄦ护浜烘ㄣ

瀹㈠惧

缁澶杈ㄨ锛烘纭佃涓垮搴涓鸿捐匡浜俱姹涓甯瀹㈠板轰互捐夸负椋冲杩娓剧背绛娓惰涔ㄤキ濂浜猴瀵锛浜瑰璇昏涓浠藉㈠朵浠缁锛惧ｇゅ烘锛涓函绯背绮朵涓′缈讳达纰х豢捐姹涓背棣娣峰涓浣锛ｆ杞朝插㈠锛娌圭豢濡锛绯х坏杞娓棣榧烩杈杩瀛堪宸插绁寰锛姹娓稿戒蹇姹锛

捐＄规娓棣筹寰澶浜哄苟涓娆浣瀹㈠浜哄憋やㄨ惧惧绮锛涔ㄨ惧绉寮惧惧楦℃堡惧楗瀹㈠姘磋涓鸿捐绁椋娓В姣锛瀵瑰コф存娓╃琛锛ｅ姝㈢锛璋缁绛锛浠ヨ捐楦℃堡宸叉涓哄瀹朵汉椁妗涓瀹跺父锛婊琛ヨュ昏锛存瀹跺コ浜哄瀛蹇涓灏

煎虹娓绛涔ㄨ绉榧楹磋灞榧垮棣裤借夸锛充抽存榛辫匡虫跨匡灏卞涔病浜鸿藉蹇浜涓昏璋捐裤

捐跨瀛

妞╁ㄧ胯绋涓╃⒈绛娆＄浠ｈ阿╋杩╁ㄦ极跨杩杩绋涓瀵圭澧搴缁锛涓浜娆＄浠ｈ阿╂╀靛尽寰╃渚佃锛瀵规卞椋уㄧ╃椋姣濡璇达浜妞╁瀛撮ㄧ╅ㄥ寮璧蜂涓搴锛姝ょ被妞╀朵杩虹规姘炽抽璀;椋ㄧ╁杩鸿鲸椋姣妞╃斤杩灏辨濂杩

浜虹被戒缁烘с虫┿浜轰涓浜妞╁锋瑰ㄤ环妞锛璞″娉讳绛界跺芥涓烘╂浜瀛ㄨ捣浣涓哄浜虹ヨ瀹璺垫娈垫锛瀵硅╃姣э灏ゅ舵㈡фц璇涓瓒炽

浜浜鸿涓哄瀛锛函澶╃跺跺妞╀腑灏卞澶瀛捐挎ュ娌逛腑宸插鸿剧瀛锛伪-尾-姘磋圭妾1,8妗绱块榫妯崇姘у崇棣棣妗块渚ф涔搁烽椹炬补绛锛块跨娓[1]璞¤浜瀛瀵逛汉浣褰卞锛浜娓妤浜锛浣澶у拌界ラ锛璁稿绫诲被╄川浼浼ゃ涓㈣捐挎ュ娌规涓妯渚ф氨凡ョ俱绁缁郴缁姣х

妯娌瑰烽姣э0.5锝1.0寮璧风╂澶寸娓╃锛涔冲村璋靛绛锛2.0浠ヤㄤ舵х舵冲璧蜂汉村锛瀵艰寸风锛变煎歌“绔虫浜★7锝15娉ㄥ4锛村姐妯涔‘炬с娈姣с妯涓涔娌荤规涓负瀵圭娌荤锛跺ㄤ瑙ｆ蹇甯稿娲汇[3]妯抽撮蹭富瑕ヨ浜棣╄川锛濡缃瀛姐炽杩疯凯棣榧灏捐娆х椋瀹ㄥ锛EFSA锛寤鸿妯撮叉澶чぉ涓瓒杩2mg/kg.bw[4]

渚фㄨ绉垮褰㈢榧灏捐锛渚ф妞╀腑渚ф凡‘姣у绁缁郴缁姣锛伪-渚ф姣瀛绌舵剧ず存LD50涓45mg/kg娆х缇姐垮ぇ瀵归楗涓晶瑙瀹[4] [5]

涓诲哥涓惧

捐规娓姘筹杩浣垮寰瀹规涓哄浜洪锛╁ㄨ缁虫褰奸惧,涓ヤ瑙,濡涓宀!瀛瀛浜:涓骞翠,姹涓骞翠俱绁跺锛借匡撅崇骞炽涓讳锛椋娓╃癸琛ヤ腑姘锛挎锛浠ら锛蹇灏椋锛甯搁ゥ涔锛杞昏韩锛崇涓宸娉姐剁ㄣ绾茬涓惧:句互ヨ,宠,姣姘琛,瀵婀,姝㈣瀹

琛涓借搞跺浜惧锛у充缁杈娓╋灏褰俱剧戒富娌汇娓╃琛锛ｅ姝㈢.澶ㄧ婀挎ㄤ琛锛琛琛锛宕╂缁澶锛琛锛灏瑰风锛缁涓璋锛瀹蜂瀛锛澶娌荤ょ剧俯缁琛锛ㄤ瀵у鸿ㄦ涓ㄩ3锝9g澶ㄩ渚告不ㄣ[2]

惧涓杈句瀹规澶锛姝ゅ浜轰瑙瀵帮瀹浠ｈ剧猴杩涓浜捐锛ㄨ告ㄧ涓镐锛浣姹ょ┖归ギ涔锛琛ヨ缇搞朵害姣锛舵锛蹭锛韬涓界锛虫荤兼鸿锛璇涓濡涔浠堪锛芥缁у榛搞颁剁讹浠渚溅杞辫璁鸿京璇锛剁瀵锛瑷舵姣涓渚ц惰芥璇歌锛涓渚ц剁涓诧璋舵у姣锛璇ｃ涓ヨ琛锛姘琛琛ｏ涔寸蹭灏澶互娌荤锛涓姝ョ瀵煎凤濡浜烘箍甯浜猴浠ヨ惧褰璇歌不剁锛澶涓?涔濡ｏ句杈锛╀互杈т翠娇锛涔浜句灏?剁涔★骞夸腑讳腑灞变腑婚㈡ㄥ澶ц剁瀵光惧姣杩琛浜绾姝ｅ苟轰惧娓╀腑枫ゆ箍锛ㄨ惧骞挎搴惧у宠杈娓╋姣锛杩ㄤ澶╁凡腑昏浼ㄧモ[6]姊ㄥ涔惧绌惰涔涓锛虹惧涓锛ラ剁患杩般惧瀛绌惰灞锛2006锛锛娌℃涓杩骞村充惧姣ㄧ绌惰灞锛[7]浜涓绘涓濡у伐浣

涓跺浜捐姣э杩浜浠ｇ绌剁锛惧娌瑰LD50涓2.47ml/kg锛硅娉ㄥ涓1.12ml/kg惧ュ娌瑰ゆ杞诲害烘浣寮璧峰疆绾藉烘娉锛骞茶惧3-5g澧杩椋娆诧浣澶у寮璧疯ユх锛浜х澶ч跺锛ュぇ告跺寮璧蜂腑㈢缁郴缁杩搴村锛虹璋靛瀹崇变缁灏х锛浠ュ琛绠″韩锛村瀹琛鸿锛濡濞剁虫浜с [3]

惧涓搴

涓村ラ惧涓搴锛涓:18g-45g锛涓娼浼1-4h澶ч惧30min虹涓讹澶村共娓淬跺锛缁цㄨ韩澶存抽福㈤棰わ涓ラ存瀛濡村鸿娴浜с㈡т腑姣瑙杩辨け璋骞绘炽绁缁风绛躲[8]

渚1锛涓ｈ惧虹榛搞鸿搴锛缁存浜°渚2锛涓ｈ浠ラ6(绾80g)锛绌鸿圭锛10min澶存30min搁凤煎告ヤ锛芥锛㈣茶斤㈡姝讳骸[8]杩浜骞村充浼ょ绌朵‘鸿惧磋浼よ

纭姣涓绌

璁★涓借搞ㄩ涓惧70澶涓瑰浜х被涓澹扮О璋缁瀹淇锛涓归㈡复搴涓涓锛灏ゅ舵磋浼ょ渚锛ㄩㄥ姝や跺寮璋ワュ苟绂惰惧绾冲モ2009骞973椤圭纭姣涓瀛ㄥ抽虹绌躲锛绌跺垛----姣崇郴锛涓轰复搴瀹ㄧㄨ渚瀹楠版锛缈昏涓涓锛杩绫荤绌剁负浜缁姣涓芥惧哄舵骇ユх澶уㄦ姣挎璇ラ」绌剁灞变涓昏绌堕灞变涓昏ぇ瀛澶╂触涓昏ぇ瀛浣锛杩琛浜涓绯诲ㄧ╁楠

朵腑涓椤硅惧娆＄村姣у楠锛惧姘存缁8.05.63.922.741.91.33g/kg村惧ュ娌圭0.340.270.230.190.150.13mL/kg村锛瀵硅缁缁浜х炬浼わ涓澧澶эALT锛璋蜂杞皑讹AST锛璋疯杞皑讹楂捐楂按缁ュ娌圭ALTAST2h6h杈鹃宄帮缁72h[9]

涓椤硅惧澶娆℃ユу瀹楠锛姘存缁ュ娌圭楂涓浣缁锛9.04.681.17g/kg锛1.250.500.13mL/kg杩缁7澶┿缁锛ALTASTㄧ1澶╁虫惧楂锛3澶╄浼ゆ撅缁7澶┿涓甯哥姣杈锛缁7澶╀锛惧姘存缁ュ娌瑰剧姣ф浼わ琛ㄧALTASTAKPTBI楂锛ALB浣浣姣煎楂锛剧姣р朵姣崇郴锛姣тㄧ搴ュ娌>姘存缁[7]濡涓ㄧ╅村㈢崇郴锛浜/灏姣浣绠绯绘0.11锛涓杩板瀹楠搴60kg浜哄负59.430.97.72g锛杩版涓村ュ涓捐夸腑姣歌[10]

涓椤硅惧澶ч挎姣у楠锛杩缁21澶╁140澶ч楂涓浣惧姘存缁ュ娌圭峰锛瑙瀵涓跺碉妫娴琛甯歌琛锛ㄥ澶ч锛瑕ㄨ琛甯歌妫ャ朵户缁20澶╂㈠瑙瀵缁瀹楠缁澶ч浣涓锛楗楗按涓浣筹琛ALTASTAKPTPC 澧楂锛ALB 浣A/G

姣奸浣浣姣煎澶э妫ュ瑙涓绋搴缁缁浼わ姣ф浼ょ搴涓瀹璧稿虫э浠ユュ娌圭浼ゆ澶э缁20澶╂㈠瑙瀵锛涓杩伴ㄥ涓[11]

捐跨娈姣х绌

2012骞达棣娓腑澶у濞灏澹翰婚㈢烘浣涓椤瑰ㄧ╁楠琛ㄥㄣHuman Reproduction,缁瀛灏诲父ㄨ浼板跺ㄦс朵腑娑惧瀹楠缁璁烘惧ㄦ╂濡濞村涓搴锛ㄨュ锛惧捐姣榧浣澧澧╂告剁锛虫锛锛杩瑙瀵版捐寸告у[12]     ㄥ涓寸告э灞ㄥ撅瑁

惧涓璁★涓借搞ㄩ涓惧70澶涓灏ゅ堕涓ㄥ浜х被涓澹扮О璋缁瀹淇浜у锛婊捐茶父瀹よ蹭父璋缁涓搞瀹や父濡搴峰濡绉涓广棣涓搞淇や父娑蹭父淇蹇фｃョ瀹瀛涓搞淇瀛涓搞借辫妗楣胯镐父堕涓搞镐父涓堕涓搞ｈ蹭父瑰や父や父淇蹇х浼ゆ箍瑙ｇ瀹冲烘灏姝ｉ绮俱涔ㄥ琛ュ昏ｄ父浜澶涓搞骇涓/涓广淇父璋缁藉甫涓搞璋缁父濡绉缁父锛淇や腹锛濡绉藉ょ甯父濡搴峰娑层ヨ韩瀹父涔楦′父瀹姣涓搞澶圭锋ｃ濡涓搞琛ヨ璋缁濡绉藉ゅ娑层村勾藉らギ濡绉昏ｄ父锛娴缂╀父锛茶澶╃传绾㈠コ跺涔涓搞娑查涓搞绁椋箍姝㈢ｃ崇棰绮姣楦¤ˉ琛涔璋缁电戒寤烘层姘コ涓广濡瀹涓革濡瀹涓癸鹃瀹父濡绉缁父濡瀹涓搞璋缁佃跺锛涓炬″澶ㄨ[2] [13]

╀骞磋灏惧搁舵惧娉ㄥ娑诧搴ㄤ不绠″杩寤舵ц㈡ц纭绛

濡剁朵唬ヨ璇村杩锛杩骞达绉瀛揩灞锛充惧姣э涓绠℃瀛涓村涓ュㄧ╁楠璇瀹锛惰锛涓昏涓璞涓烘绠′浣涓猴浠荤辫浜姣с娈姣ф勾澶涓骞寸浣涓鸿缁淇浜у娈瀹冲コс973椤圭涓杩负涓户缁姣渚瀹楠版杩涓璇存涓昏娌′汉э娌¤藉

捐块瀹ㄦ夸唬锛艰

濡浜鸿锛戒锛捐挎姣э涓瀹浣瀹堕浜哄瑕㈠骞寸浼缁锛浜轰挎腑锛涓绉琛娉拌甯甯轰拱艰挎挎涓鸿绉艰垮艰匡璺捐挎寰歌褰㈡抽锛惰浣涓轰绉浜哄伐绉妞锛艰块甯稿ㄣ

灏

姹垮绮绮瀹㈠绮惧ㄧ涓捐匡捐挎涓绉规棣姘锛婧舵ュ娌规捐挎ュ娌规娴100澶绉瀛锛朵腑妯渚ф‘剧缁с

惧ㄤ腑讳娇ㄩ甯告锛浠コц缁淇浜у锛版不锛涓虫70澶涓癸惧涓村涓搴ラ跺ㄤ规郴绛ョ澧澶锛虫杩涔涓杩80g锛ㄨ翠腑姣ц姝讳骸渚ラ

ㄦヨ惧瀛ㄨ姣с娈姣эㄩㄤ甯璀锛惧--姣崇郴绾冲973璁″绌讹剁负璇ヨ版瀵绘句翠骇ユх杩浜绌剁缁涔璇瀹惧ㄥ澶ぇ靛冲村浼ゃヨ惧姣э涓昏涓璞涓烘绠′浣涓猴浠荤辫浜姣

ф勾澶涓骞寸浣涓鸿缁淇浜у娈瀹冲コс杩涓璇存涓昏娌′汉э娌℃藉

璧

[1].灏诧姊ㄥ,惧瀛绌惰灞锛杩灞锛2013.12 Vol. 23

[2].涓借革2010

[3].涓[4].Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and Council of 16 December 2008, European Commission.

[5].FDA Regulation 21 CFR 172.510 Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption. FDA (2003).

[6].姊ㄥ锛璇璁烘剁瀵硅惧璁よ搴,剁绌堕锛2003

[7].姊ㄥ锛惧瀛绌惰灞锛涓2006.7

[8].绔哄绛锛甯哥ㄤ腑搴堕叉不锛涓娴峰荤澶у虹绀

[9].瀛锛惧涓缁娆＄灏姣р朵姣崇郴绌讹涓借╄锛2011.7

[10].瀛绛锛惧涓缁瀵规甯稿ぇ榧挎姣у楠绌讹涓借╄锛 2011.7

[11].瀛绛, 惧涓缁澶娆＄灏姣р朵姣崇郴绌讹涓借╄绗8风72011骞7[12].Chi Chiu Wang, Safety evaluation of commonly used Chinese herbal medicinesduring pregnancy in mice, Human Reproduction, Vol.27, No.8 pp.24482456, 2012

[13].ㄩㄩ

锛杩绂讳腑昏