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ｄ灏瀵逛汉浣板娌℃卞锛

锛剧ユ锛businessinsider锛

棣浠娓妤浠涔灏璁稿浜虹拌涓介冲扮╃瀛姒蹇碘瀹瀹灏瀹瀹寰尝灏瀹涓灏 (background radiation) 涔绉版杈灏锛灏瀹ㄤ叉ら姒蹇点

浠ラ锛ц藉娇瀛涓瀛电锛杈灏缁父琚涓虹电杈灏电杈灏锛辩瀛尾绮瀛涓绛绮瀛浠ュ电娉腑纬灏绾裤X灏绾垮娉㈤胯ㄥ绱绾匡涓昏电娉腑瑙绾㈠绾裤绾跨垫尝浠ュ娉㈤胯跨绱绾裤告浜电杈灏锛电杈灏介村己锛姝ゅ╀村ㄦ村ぇ浠拌灏叉ゆ讹甯稿氨电杈灏叉ゃ

璁炬虫块撮涓X灏绾挎猴浠ㄨ璁哄浣瀵瑰杈灏杩琛叉ゆ讹棣瑕纭瀹杈灏板澶寮恒浣块翠腑骞朵X灏绾挎鸿涓涓灏婧锛版跨虫涓藉寰澶╃舵惧у绱锛绌烘涓寰惧у绱姘°姝ゆ浠瑕寮介やX灏绾挎轰澶杈灏澶寮猴藉ㄨ涓虹涓蜂X灏绾挎虹杈灏瀵瑰ュ悍褰卞浠ュ稿叉ゆ杈峰ㄦ瀹涓灏婧涔澶杈灏诲灏辨灏

杩涓浜跺浠苟娌℃╃瑰杈灏婧锛ｄ灏灏辨电杈灏诲锛瑰父琚ㄦュ浜轰滑ㄨ涓撮诧渚濡浣稿搴娴璇告ㄣ杩琛杈灏茬瀵圭浜鸿琛剧绛锛涔澶芥瑙扮杈灏

ｄ灏甯搁芥缁锛绠ヨ锛灏浠ュ涓鸿惰灏浜洪灏惰灏瀛ㄤ汉绫绘椿ㄦ筹甯稿互涓涓ㄥ[1]锛

瀹瀹灏绾匡虫ヨ澶┖楂界瀛瀹瀹灏绾夸涓ぇ姘灞镐浣ㄥ苟板寮憋姝ゅ浣ㄩ娴锋板虹浜轰版村ヨ瀹灏绾跨杈灏锛浜哄ㄤ椋烘朵浼姝ら澶颁浜瀹瀹灏绾跨у[2]

拌〃澧涓灏杩浜杈灏ヨ绉惧у绱锛骞垮浜ぇ姘澹ゃ宀╃冲姘翠涓瀹浠灏涓昏ユ

澶锛浠ぉ楗涓寰惧у绱锛瀹浠蜂浜х杈灏锛崇╀韩涔瀛ㄤ瀹惧у绱杩浜杈灏疯瑙涓鸿惰灏涓ㄥ

浜洪灏椤惧涔锛变汉绫绘椿ㄩ灏浜洪灏涓昏ユ绉荤娲诲渚濡X灏绾挎CT绛诲褰卞娈典互剧绛娌荤姐缁杈剧藉诲稿姣杈杩姝ワ灞姘寰寰村版轰瑙浜娑杈灏璇娌绘娈碉姝ゆヨ荤娲诲ㄧ杈灏ㄨ灏涓姣渚涔灏辫楂渚濡涓村ヨ荤娲诲ㄧ灏甯镐瓒杩灏婚20%[3]锛ㄧ借涓渚绔堕杈50%[4].

灏涓昏ユ锛剧ユ锛BBC锛

灏澶寮猴浠ㄨ浼拌灏瀵圭╀褰卞讹甯歌灏充瀹堕村琚汉浣告剁杈灏婚甯哥ㄧ浣タ寮 (Sv), 浣杩涓浣澶ぇ锛浣跨ㄨ捣ヤ逛究锛瀹涓缁父浣跨ㄦ甯(mSv, 1Sv= 1000 mSv). や瑗垮姣锛峰(rem) 姣峰 (mrem) 涔缁父琚ㄦユ堪杈灏㈢崇郴涓1 rem = 1000 mrem = 0.01 Sv = 10 mSv.  涓扮灏姘村钩ㄤ板虹ユ宸骞冲ョ锛姣汉姣勾变灏扮杈灏ぇ绾3姣锛

浠浜灏卞界舵浜姣杈娣卞ョ璁よ锛浣瀹楠版富瑕ヨユс澶у杈灏锛浠ㄦュ父娲讳腑翠负缁父颁村冲挎浣杈灏惰寰涓骞革浣灏瀵瑰ュ悍褰卞寰寰寰剧ㄥ楠楠璇锛甯稿界ㄧ璁烘āヤ及绠璇浼颁灏瀵瑰ュ悍褰卞涓昏渚绾挎ф(linear no-threshold) 杩涓璁烘ā规涓璁猴杈灏娌℃瀹ㄥ寰急杈灏涔浼瀵圭╀浼わ杈灏瀵瑰ュ悍瀹充灏村ㄧ绾挎у崇郴锛姝ゅ规楠版‘璁や楂灏卞锛浠浠ョ稿绠轰灏瀵瑰ュ悍褰卞

杩涓璁烘绗瀹碉ュㄤ璁涓浜绌朵汉璁や负锛变╁ㄦ极跨杩杩绋涓灞轰搴瀵硅灏浼ょ哄讹姝や灏瀹冲苟娌℃ｄ涓ラ锛虫浜鸿涓轰杈灏瀵瑰ュ悍杩骞存ヨ界舵扮瀹楠璇绾挎ф璁猴稿崇浜璁烘杩灏缁х画涓涓杩界跺ㄤ璁浠灏叉よ搴锛绾挎ф璁轰朵澶变负涓涓ソ璁烘ā

惰ㄥ浣涓瀹ㄦよ灏界锛涓寰澶跺浠瑕╃ㄨ灏涓虹浜х娲绘°姝ゅㄥ浣涓甯搁靛惊ㄥ杈惧扮村灏藉戒( As Low As Reasonably Achievable锛绠绉ALARA). 浠ュ浠璁鸿灏瀹虫讹甯告绉杈灏瀹虫捐锛浠ユ

浠涓搴ョ锛灏瀵瑰ュ悍瀹冲浠ヨ涓病涓鸿灏浠讳跺藉ㄤ浠韩杈癸寰炬ゃ浠界姝ｇㄥ楠瑙娴灏瀵瑰ュ悍褰卞锛涓烘娉惧颁瀛ㄤ换浣灏典涓哄э浠涔介瀵硅灏跺锋浣х叉ゆ姐浠ユ浠ㄨ璁鸿灏卞浠ュ叉ゆ讹绘互灏涓哄哄锛棰澶杈灏浜轰褰卞锛芥垮烘缁虹杈灏ㄩ间ㄨ灏涔澶棰澶杈灏

浠灏姣杈ョ锛灏涔纭井涓瓒抽帮姣汉姣勾变灏扮杈灏ぇ绾3姣锛涓娆″ㄨ韩CT杈灏氨楂杈10姣锛涓娆′钩挎褰辨杈灏0.4姣介瀛芥烘瑙瀹锛变涓告剁杈灏姣勾ㄨ灏虹涓棰澶涓瓒杩20姣芥浠ユ浠浜板姣杈ョ锛璇磋灏瀵逛汉浣娌℃卞骞舵澶ぇ涓濡ャ

ㄤ涓纭涓版癸规拌川浜寮虹惰灏锛灞姘姣勾浠灏告剁杈灏浠捐楂浜骞冲硷剁宠杩浜介瀛芥烘瑙瀹20姣涓撮茶灏锛渚濡浼濮ㄥ藉箍涓虫芥绉点惰绌跺苟藉濡姝ら灏瀵瑰板姘ュ悍剧璐㈠奖锛涓涓界板姘╁凡搴浜杩绉楂灏[6, 7]姝わ充究瀵逛浜规板猴灏瀹斥杩涓璇存浠跺浠ヨ绔

璇磋姘＄锛姘℃绉澶╃跺ㄧ惧у绱锛卞杈灏灏涓昏ユ锛浠ュ拌灏涓宸变啊浣锛琚汉浣稿ュ浠韩浠ュㄤ浜х杈灏锛琛板浜х╀浼ㄤ汉浣缁х画浜х杈灏锛姝ゆ烘惧х╄川村浠や汉澶寸笺瀹ゅ变椋稿浜澶杈宸姘℃瀹规绉卞村涓ラ

绌跺凡缁〃啊哥涔澶涓昏瀵艰磋虹绱锛姝ゅ芥垮烘涓戒瑙瀹瀹ゅ姘℃娴搴涓锛璁炬瀵硅涓惧ф薄╁浠ユ躲渚濡缇界淇缃插缓璁濡瀹ゅ姘℃娴搴杩姣2 pCi (pCi 涓〃绀烘惧у己搴浣)锛灏卞璇ラ介浣啊娴搴[8]浣充究濡姝わ浠涓藉交搴娑ゆ啊姘杈灏缇界淇缃插氨猴瀹ゅ姘＄娴搴虫 2 pCi浠ヤ涓哄伴剧锛瑙涓搴姘℃浠跺浠ュ存涓哥浜轰腑4涓汉缃规ｈ虹[8]锛涓瀹ゅ绌烘涓朵姘℃瀛ㄣ姝わ瀵逛啊楂瀹ゅ澧锛浠藉敖姘＄杈灏宠按骞炽

[1] http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/sources/nat-bg-sources.html

[2] http://www.ans.org/pi/resources/dosechart/

[3] http://www.world-nuclear.org/uploadedFiles/org/Features/Radiation/4_Background_Radiation(1).pdf

[4] http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/exposure.html

[5] http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/sources/man-made-sources.html

[6] M. Ghiassi-nejad, S. M. J. Mortazavi, J. R. Cameron, A. Niroomand-rad, P. A. Karam, Very high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran: preliminary biological studies, Health Physics, 2002, 82, 87

[7] Zufan Tao, Yongru Zha, Suminoiri Akiba, Quanfu Sun, Jianming Zou, Jia Li, Yusheng Liu, Hiroo Kato, Tsutomu Sugahara, Luxin Wei, Cancer Mortality in the High Background Radiation Areas of Yangjiang, China during the Period between 1979 and 1995, Journal of Radiation Research, 2000, 41 Suppl. 31

[8]https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-02/documents/2012_a_citizens_guide_to_radon.pdf

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