瓒辫涓哄涓浠锛

缂锛

澶浜哄瀵浜虹拌薄锛惰杩骞朵ㄩ杩涓椤圭绌跺锛瀵浜轰ㄨ传瀵宸板烘杈ㄩｄ骞崇板猴浠浠虫绌蜂汉村锋ㄥぇ广

缂璇 |

璐ｇ |

瀵浜哄ㄦ瀛涓涓涓繁ヤ汉蹇绘垮舰璞★涓姣涓╃娆т濡疯ㄦ浠ュ父茶涓卞父甯镐寰疯触绯诲ㄤ璧凤琚涓轰绉涓汉璐㈠寰宸ㄥぇ绮捐憋朵浜哄瀛甯娓鸿稿崇蹇瀛绌剁充瀵浜烘浜疯涓缇や汉锛ㄥ楠涓楂跺ヤ釜浣浼惧浜ｉ胯蛋村绯瀵圭ｈ绋搴翠涓垮府╅板伴剧浜虹杩灏辨璇璇寸锛涓哄锛涓浠

惰锛峰锛

澶浼澶у凹路绉癸St茅phane C?t茅锛卞╁路璞Julian House锛ぇ瀛缃路缁村锛Robb Willer锛绛绌朵汉杩瀹璇绌跺锛楂跺ヤ釜浣浠浠ㄧ搴骞崇板轰腑姣绌蜂汉㈣涔锛ㄧ涓哄钩绛版癸瀵浜烘绌蜂汉村锋杩涓缁琛ㄥ2015骞12缇藉藉绉瀛㈤㈠锛PNAS锛

绌朵汉璁や负锛缁骞崇绋搴璇达璐㈠涓ㄥㄥ浜烘涓绋搴奖瀵浜烘村锋ㄨ村抽绱涓轰楠璇杩涓虫锛绉浜哄瀵瑰ㄧ宸1498灞姘灞寮璋锛姣杈涓璐宸绋搴板恒涓跺ヤ釜浣锋ㄧ搴

绌朵汉浣跨ㄥ哄凹绯绘帮Gini coefficients锛ヨ　跺ヤ绋搴哄凹绯绘颁负0惰〃绀虹瀵瑰钩绛锛虫浜虹跺ョ稿哄凹绯绘颁负1跺琛ㄧず缁瀵逛骞崇锛虫跺ヨ涓涓汉寰锛朵浜哄涓洪舵跺ャ

瀵硅ュ璞＄锋ㄧ搴娴轰涓涓烘璇锛娓告the dictator game)璋ョ浜鸿ワ浠浠琚烘瀹涓哄冲浜猴骞跺板寮褰╃エ锛姣褰╃エ灏借耽寰10缇500缇锛涓ょ褰╃エㄦ荤褰╃エ涓涓锛浣涓哄冲浜猴浠浠冲灏涓ㄥ褰╃エ杞氦缁涓涓涓锛杩浣韩娌℃浠讳褰╃エ冲浜虹ラ锛涓涓浣芥ヨㄥ戒换浣涓涓版癸冲浜轰介版借瀵硅薄锛寰ワ浠浠借琛涓哄瀹宠繁╃锛浜繁璧㈤辩芥с讹褰╃エ濂姹瀛哄锛涔灏辨娓告腑浜轰滑藉寰诲哄锛冲浜虹借琛涓哄苟涓浼涓轰浠甫ュ濂藉

涓杩锛娓告锛姣绔锛璇浜鸿韩澶瀹楠瀹ょ澧锛涓ㄥ娲讳腑冲澧澶т稿锛浠浠濂稿苟繁杈寰锛姝ゅ芥存挎璧锛浠浠寰戒骇璁ㄥソ绌朵汉蹇锛experimenter demand effect锛锛浠惧浜村版璧繁褰╃エ澶у绌朵汉Matthias Benz 缇ㄦ尝澹】绌朵腑蹇缁瀹 Stephan Meier杩瀵规澶у扮ㄥュ缂磋垂舵＄涓ら」濂瀛杩琛互浠浠ㄥ楠瀹や腑虫碉瀹靛瀹楠典腑锛浜轰滑跺典淬杩涓楠璇存娓告藉寰濂藉浜轰滑瀹挎

绌朵汉瀵圭娓告腑璧涓跺ヨ琛浜绾挎у褰锛缁琛ㄦ璧跺ヤ村苟娌℃讳稿虫с杩崇楂跺ヤ釜浣骞朵涓瀹姣浣跺ヤ釜浣村

惰锛濡灏缁骞崇绱涔绾冲ヨ锋ㄧ搴跺ヤ寸绾挎у崇郴绔虫剧ず烘ャ濡1绀猴ㄧ涓骞崇板猴跺ラ浣锋ㄧ搴稿筹ㄧ骞崇板猴跺ラ浣锋ㄧ搴稿炽讹规褰茬嚎浼拌锛褰哄凹绯绘伴浜0.485讹璐稿冲虹褰哄凹绯绘颁0.454讹姝ｇ稿虫捐

涓轰楠璇杩涓绋冲э绌朵汉涓涓朵跺ョ稿崇涓绱锛濡骞撮锛у绉茬搴浣ｇ舵锛濠濮荤舵锛瀹淇′话锛挎不惧锛浠ュ濂婚澶у朵朵涓骞崇绋搴崇绀句绱锛濡跺ヤ腑浣帮浜哄锛甯轰汉姣渚锛骞撮甯锛绉甯锛у甯绛涔娴璇缁琛ㄦ跺ュ缁骞崇涔寸崇郴浠舵捐

瑕娉ㄦ杩椤硅骞朵界哄с姣濡璇达藉ㄩ╂搴锛selection effect锛锛抽ｄ楂跺ュ锋ㄧ浜哄＋杩灞颁缁按骞虫杈骞崇宸锛涓鸿浜版规村绛绀句跺ュ跺靛浠浠惧诲涓轰璇骞崇锋ㄧ搴э绌朵汉浜涓涓楠

绌朵汉浠椹冲舵哄ㄤ汉锛Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers锛704璇璇琚哄浜涓ょ锛杩崇涓や釜瀹楠缁规ф病缁璁′哄锛跺瑙浜涓骞堪浠浠繁ㄥ璐宸跺电楗煎俱绗缁扮传瀵宸杈楂版璁★绗缁扮传瀵宸跺点㈣涔锛涓ょ涓汉扮戒浠ㄥ板虹瀹璐宸跺点瑙瀹姣涔涓汉灏瀵逛浠ㄥ板虹璐宸跺靛涓涓堪瀹楠琛ㄩｄ伴璐宸楗煎剧浜烘涔灏繁ㄥ扮璐宸堪寰杈楂涓缁浜哄稿濡涔璋锛璇涓娓告锛浠浠澶灏褰╃エ缁涓涓浣璇

涔虫锛楂跺ヤ釜浣锋ㄧ搴浠浠璐绋搴ヨ濡浠浠镐俊繁娲诲ㄤ涓村钩绛版癸浠浠村锋ㄣ杩704璇浜哄ㄧ璁′骞舵病宸锛浠浠浠涓哄繁ㄥ扮璐宸跺电璁ょワ渚夸骇浜涓锋ㄥ惧姝わ杩杩涓楠锛浠究村纭锛姝ｆぞ浼璐宸跺碉瀵艰翠浜轰滑锋ㄥ害

涓轰涔浼虹杩绉靛锛绌朵汉杩涓涓炽

寰斤ㄨ储瀵涓板猴瀵浜哄寰璁や负浠浠澶т村浼瓒褰浜轰滑寮濮灞楂涓翠颁浜烘杈讹浠浠澶╃颁拌涓鸿繁村瑕锛村璐㈠浠寰姝ゅ锛ㄧ骞崇板猴绌蜂汉娲绘炬村娌℃缁颁村虹硷瀵浜轰蹇уけ繁规颁缁浜繁璧婧讹褰瀵浜虹娲诲ㄨ传瀵宸板烘讹浠浠惧浜繁缁挎涔灏ゅ舵ㄧ介ｄ缁弗涓骞崇板猴楂跺ヤ釜浣浼村惧浜涓猴宸ヤ储瀵姝ｅユ杩浜浜哄藉姝ゆ缁轰浠璧婧

濡杩涓缁璁虹寰浣锛涓骞崇缁颁瀹涓浜瀵浜哄ㄥ锛姝わ绾姝ｈ传瀵涓涓芥т缁娉锛渚瀵浜虹琛涓猴瑕村澶峰绛ャ

1.Piff PK, Stancato DM, C?t茅 S, Mendoza-Denton R, Keltner D (2012) Higher social classpredicts increased unethical behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(11):40864091.

2.Stellar JE, Manzo VM, Kraus MW, Keltner D (2012) Class and compassion: Socioeconomicfactors predict responses to suffering. Emotion 12(3):449459.

3.Piff PK, Kraus MW, C?t茅 S, Cheng BH, Keltner D (2010) Having less, giving more: Theinfluence of social class on prosocial behavior. J Pers Soc Psychol 99(5):771784.

4.Bekkers R (2007) Measuring altruistic behavior in surveys: The all-or-nothing dictatorgame. Surv Res Methods 1(3):139144.

5.Benz M, Meier S (2008) Do people behave in experiments as in the field?Evidencefrom donations. Exp Econ 11(3):268281.

6.Franzen A, Pointner S (2013) The external validity of giving in the dictator game. ExpEcon 16(2):155169.

ヨ瀛锛涓烘村ソ鸿叮娲汇

虫敞璇峰寰俊:the-intellectual挎涓逛缁寸绋裤浜瀹璇疯绯